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Health Terms starting with S

Common Health Terms | All Health Terms

2nd Letter:

- 1 a c e h i j k l m n o p q r S t u v w y

S Phase - Phase of the CELL CYCLE following G1 and preceding G2 when the entire DNA content of the nucleus is ...

S100 Proteins - A family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins found in large concentration in the brain and bel...

Saccades - An abrupt voluntary shift in ocular fixation from one point to another, as occurs in reading....

Saccharin - Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener....

Saccharomyces - A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES....

Saccharomyces cerevisiae - A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from ...

Saccharomycetales - An order of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota that multiply by budding. They include the telomorphic as...

Saccharomycopsis - Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycopsidaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES, isolated...

Saccharopine Dehydrogenases - Amine oxidoreductases that use either NAD+ (EC 1.5.1.7) or NADP+ (EC 1.5.1.8) as an acceptor to form...

Saccharopolyspora - A genus of gram-positive bacteria whose spores are round to oval and covered by a sheath....

Saccharum - A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is proc...

Saccule and Utricle - Two membranous sacs within the vestibular labyrinth of the INNER EAR. The saccule communicates with ...

Sacroiliac Joint - The immovable joint formed by the lateral surfaces of the SACRUM and ILIUM....

S-Adenosylhomocysteine - 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethyla...

S-Adenosylmethionine - Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all...

Sadism - A condition in which there is a derivation of pleasure from inflicting pain, discomfort or humiliati...

Safe Sex - Sexual behavior that prevents or reduces the spread of SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES or PREGNANCY....

Safety - Freedom from exposure to danger and protection from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. It sug...

Safety Management - The development of systems to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences in an insti...

Safety-Based Drug Withdrawals - Removal of a drug from the market due to the identification of an intrinsic property of the drug tha...

Safety-Based Medical Device Withdrawals - Removal of a MEDICAL DEVICE from the market due to the identification of an intrinsic property of th...

Safflower Oil - An oily liquid extracted from the seeds of the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius. It is used as a diet...

Safrole - Constituent of several essential oils, notably sassafras. It has been used as a topical antiseptic a...

Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis - Formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS or the inferior sagi...

Sagittaria - A plant genus of the family ALISMATACEAE that grows in salty marshes and is used for phytoremediatio...

Saguinus - A genus in the subfamily CALLITRICHINAE consisting of 12 species and found in Panama as well as Sout...

SAIDS Vaccines - Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent SAIDS; (SIMIAN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME...

Saimiri - A genus of the family CEBIDAE consisting of four species: S. boliviensis, S. orstedii (red-backed sq...

Saimirinae - A subfamily of CEBIDAE inhabiting the forests of Central and South America. This subfamily of New Wo...

Saint Kitts and Nevis - An independent federation of the Leeward Islands in the West Indies, consisting of Saint Christopher...

Saint Lucia - An independent state in the West Indies. Its capital is Castries. It was probably discovered by Colu...

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - A self-governing state of the Windward Islands in the West Indies, comprising Saint Vincent and the ...

Saints - Persons officially recognized or acknowledged as pre-eminent for consecration, holiness, and piety, ...

Salacia - A plant genus of the family CELASTRACEAE. Members contain friedelane-type TRITERPENES and SESQUITERP...

Salamandra - A genus of European newts in the Salamandridae family. The two species of this genus are Salamandra ...

Salamandridae - A family of Urodela consisting of 15 living genera and about 42 species and occurring in North Ameri...

Salaries and Fringe Benefits - The remuneration paid or benefits granted to an employee....

Salicaceae - A plant family of the order Salicales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. The leaves are alt...

Salicylamides - Amides of salicylic acid....

Salicylanilides - 2-Hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides. N-phenyl substituted salicylamides. Derivatives have been used as fung...

Salicylates - The salts, esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have an...

Salicylic Acid - A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synt...

Salicylic Acids - Derivatives and salts of SALICYLIC ACID....

Saline Solution, Hypertonic - Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of phys...

Salinity - Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SA...

Saliva - The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains...

Saliva, Artificial - A solution used for irrigating the mouth in xerostomia and as a substitute for saliva....

Salivary alpha-Amylases - A subclass of alpha-amylase ISOENZYMES that are secreted into SALIVA....

Salivary Calculi - The presence of calculi in a salivary duct or gland....

Salivary Cystatins - A group of closely-related cystatins found in SALIVA....

Salivary Duct Calculi - Presence of small calculi in the terminal salivary ducts (salivary sand), or stones (larger calculi)...

Salivary Ducts - Any of the ducts which transport saliva. Salivary ducts include the parotid duct, the major and mino...

Salivary Gland Calculi - Calculi occurring in a salivary gland. Most salivary gland calculi occur in the submandibular gland,...

Salivary Gland Fistula - A fistula between a salivary duct or gland and the cutaneous surface of the oral cavity....

Salivary Gland Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS....

Salivary Glands - Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SU...

Salivary Glands, Minor - Accessory salivary glands located in the lip, cheek, tongue, floor of mouth, palate and intramaxilla...

Salivary Proline-Rich Proteins - A family of proline-rich proteins that constitute the majority of the protein component of SALIVA. S...

Salivary Proteins and Peptides - Proteins and peptides found in SALIVA and the SALIVARY GLANDS. Some salivary proteins such as ALPHA-...

Salivation - The discharge of saliva from the SALIVARY GLANDS that keeps the mouth tissues moist and aids in dige...

Salix - A plant genus of the family SALICACEAE. Members contain salicin, which yields SALICYLIC ACID....

Salmo salar - A commercially important species of SALMON in the family SALMONIDAE, order SALMONIFORMES, which occu...

Salmon - Fish of the genera ONCORHYNCHUS and Salmo in the family SALMONIDAE. They are anadromous game fish, f...

Salmonella - A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a so...

Salmonella arizonae - Gram-negative rods widely distributed in LIZARDS and SNAKES, and implicated in enteric, bone (BONE D...

Salmonella enterica - A subgenus of Salmonella containing several medically important serotypes. The habitat for the major...

Salmonella enteritidis - A serotype of Salmonella enterica which is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in man and other an...

Salmonella Food Poisoning - Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shippi...

Salmonella Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA....

Salmonella Infections, Animal - Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA....

Salmonella paratyphi A - A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA that causes mild PARATYPHOID FEVER in humans....

Salmonella paratyphi B - A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is an agent of PARATYPHOID FEVER in humans....

Salmonella paratyphi C - A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is an agent of PARATYPHOID FEVER in Asia, Africa, and southe...

Salmonella Phages - Viruses whose host is Salmonella. A frequently encountered Salmonella phage is BACTERIOPHAGE P22....

Salmonella typhi - A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is the etiologic agent of TYPHOID FEVER....

Salmonella typhimurium - A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. ...

Salmonella Vaccines - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with SALMONELLA. This includes vaccines use...

Salmonidae - A family of anadromous fish comprising SALMON; TROUT; whitefish; and graylings. They are the most im...

Salmoniformes - An order of fish comprising salmons, trouts, whitefish, graylings, and other families. They are both...

Salpingitis - Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending...

Salpingostomy - Formation of an artificial opening in a fallopian tube....

Salsola - A plant genus of the family CHENOPODIACEAE. The extract may be called lochein. Tumbleweed may occasi...

Salsoline Alkaloids - Tetrahydroisoquinolinol alkaloids in both dextro and levo forms, originally found in SALSOLA plants....

Salt Gland - A compound tubular gland, located around the eyes and nasal passages in marine animals and birds, th...

Salts - Substances produced from the reaction between acids and bases; compounds consisting of a metal (posi...

Salt-Tolerance - The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to high concentrations of salt in their growth environme...

Salt-Tolerant Plants - Plants that can grow well in soils that have a high SALINITY....

Salvadoraceae - A plant family of the order Celastrales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida, a small family growi...

Salvage Therapy - A therapeutic approach, involving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, after initial regimen...

Salvia - A genus in the mint family (LAMIACEAE)....

Salvia miltiorrhiza - A plant species which is known as an Oriental traditional medicinal plant....

Salvia officinalis - A plant species of the Salvia genus known as a spice and medicinal plant....

Samarium - Samarium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number ...

Sambucus - A plant genus in the family CAPRIFOLIACEAE best known for elderberries....

Sambucus nigra - A plant species in the genus SAMBUCUS, known for the elderberry fruit. The plant is also a source o...

Samoa - A group of islands in the southwest central Pacific, divided into AMERICAN SAMOA and the INDEPENDENT...

Sample Size - The number of units (persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.) in a population to b...

Sampling Studies - Studies in which a number of subjects are selected from all subjects in a defined population. Conclu...

Sandfly fever Naples virus - A species in the genus PHLEBOVIRUS causing PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER, an influenza-like illness. Related ser...

Sandhoff Disease - An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an accumulation of G(M2) GANGLIOS...

Sanguinaria - A plant genus of the family PAPAVERACEAE. S. canadensis is the source of sanguinarine extract used i...

Sanguisorba - A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE. Members contain sanguiin....

Sanicula - A plant genus of the family Apiaceae. Commonly called snakeroot but that name is used for many othe...

Sanitary Engineering - A branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction, and maintenance of environmental fa...

Sanitation - The development and establishment of environmental conditions favorable to the health of the public....

Sansevieria - A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE that contains steroidal saponins....

Santalaceae - A plant family of the order Santalales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are parasites th...

Santalum - A plant genus of the family SANTALACEAE which is the source of sandalwood oil....

Santonin - Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species...

Saphenous Vein - The vein which drains the foot and leg....

Sapindaceae - The soapberry plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Some memb...

Sapindus - A plant genus of the family SAPINDACEAE that contain SAPONINS....

Sapium - A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that contains bukittinggine and PHORBOL ESTERS....

Sapogenins - The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in n...

Saponaria - A plant species of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. It is a source of SAPONINS. The common name "Soapwort...

Saponins - A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycone moiet...

Saposins - A group of four homologous sphingolipid activator proteins that are formed from proteolytic cleavage...

Sapotaceae - A plant family of the order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida that are tropical tr...

Sapovirus - A genus of the family CALICIVIRIDAE associated with worldwide sporadic outbreaks of GASTROENTERITIS ...

Saprolegnia - A genus of ALGAE in the family Saprolegniaceae. It is a parasite and pathogen of freshwater FISHES....

Saquinavir - An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly s...

Saralasin - An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine an...

Sarcina - A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria whose organisms divide in three perpendicular planes an...

Sarcocystidae - A family of parasitic organisms in the order EIMERIIDAE. They form tissue-cysts in their intermediat...

Sarcocystis - A genus of protozoa found in reptiles, birds, and mammals, including humans. This heteroxenous paras...

Sarcocystosis - Infection of the striated muscle of mammals by parasites of the genus SARCOCYSTIS. Disease symptoms ...

Sarcoglycans - A family of transmembrane dystrophin-associated proteins that plays a role in the membrane associati...

Sarcoidosis - An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleat...

Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary - Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly c...

Sarcolemma - The excitable plasma membrane of a muscle cell. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biolo...

Sarcoma - A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malig...

Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey - A species of GAMMARETROVIRUS producing tumors in primates. Originally isolated from a fibrosarcoma i...

Sarcoma Viruses, Feline - Species of GAMMARETROVIRUS isolated from fibrosarcoma in cats. The viruses are actually recombinant ...

Sarcoma Viruses, Murine - A group of replication-defective viruses, in the genus GAMMARETROVIRUS, which are capable of transfo...

Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part - A variety of rare sarcoma having a reticulated fibrous stroma enclosing groups of sarcoma cells, whi...

Sarcoma, Avian - Connective tissue tumors, affecting primarily fowl, that are usually caused by avian sarcoma viruses...

Sarcoma, Clear Cell - A sarcoma of young, often female, adults of the lower extremities and acral regions, intimately boun...

Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal - A highly malignant subset of neoplasms arising from the endometrial stroma. Tumors in this group inf...

Sarcoma, Ewing's - A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in c...

Sarcoma, Experimental - Experimentally induced neoplasms of CONNECTIVE TISSUE in animals to provide a model for studying hum...

Sarcoma, Kaposi - A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of blui...

Sarcoma, Myeloid - An extramedullary tumor of immature MYELOID CELLS or MYELOBLASTS. Granulocytic sarcoma usually occur...

Sarcoma, Small Cell - A sarcoma characterized by the presence of small cells, cells measuring 9-14 micrometers with a fain...

Sarcoma, Synovial - A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons...

Sarcomeres - The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length....

Sarcopenia - Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of mu...

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that assist with muscle con...

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases - Calcium-transporting ATPases that catalyze the active transport of CALCIUM into the SARCOPLASMIC RET...

Sarcoptes scabiei - A species of mite that causes SCABIES in humans and sarcoptic mange in other animals. Specific varia...

Sarcoptidae - Family of MITES, in the superfamily Sarcoptoidea, order Astigmata. They are slow moving, obligate PA...

Sarcosine - An amino acid intermediate in the metabolism of choline....

Sarcosine Dehydrogenase - A LIVER mitochondrial matrix flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of SARCOSINE to GLYCINE and FO...

Sarcosine Oxidase - A FLAVOPROTEIN, this enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of SARCOSINE to GLYCINE; FORMALDEHYDE; and HYDRO...

Sargassum - One of the largest genera of BROWN ALGAE, comprised of more than 150 species found in tropical, subt...

Sarin - An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesteras...

Sarraceniaceae - A plant family of the order Nepenthales....

SARS Virus - A species of CORONAVIRUS causing atypical respiratory disease (SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME) in...

Sasa - A plant genus of the family POACEAE. Folin is the water-soluble extract from Sasa albomarginata. Sa...

Saskatchewan - A province of Canada, lying between the provinces of Alberta and Manitoba. Its capital is Regina. It...

Sassafras - A plant genus in the LAURACEAE family. The tree bark has been used medicinally....

Satellite Cells, Perineuronal - The non-neuronal cells that surround the neuronal cell bodies of the GANGLIA. They are distinguished...

Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle - Elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblasts lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. Th...

Satellite Communications - Communications using an active or passive satellite to extend the range of radio, television, or oth...

Satellite Viruses - Defective viruses which can multiply only by association with a helper virus which complements the d...

Satiation - Full gratification of a need or desire followed by a state of relative insensitivity to that particu...

Satiety Response - Behavioral response associated with the achieving of gratification....

Satureja - A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE used to flavor food....

Saturn - The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its...

Saururaceae - A plant family of the order Piperales, subclass Magnoliidae class Magnoliopsida. Members contain sau...

Saussurea - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE, order Asterales, subclass Asteridae. It is a source of costu...

Saxifragaceae - The saxifrage plant family of the order ROSALES, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. The leaves a...

Saxitoxin - A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the pur...

Scabies - A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characte...

Scala Tympani - The lower chamber of the COCHLEA, extending from the round window to the helicotrema (the opening at...

Scala Vestibuli - The upper chamber of the COCHLEA that is filled with PERILYMPH. It is connected to SCALA TYMPANI via...

Scalp - The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective...

Scandentia - An order of the class MAMMALS that consists of one family, TUPAIIDAE (tree shrews), 5 genera (one of...

Scandium - Scandium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number ...

Scanning Laser Polarimetry - A technique of diagnostic imaging of RETINA or CORNEA of the human eye involving the measurement and...

Scapegoating - Process in which the mechanisms of projection or displacement are utilized in focusing feelings of a...

Scapharca - A genus of mollusks in the family ARCIDAE, class BIVALVIA. It is used in the study of HEMOGLOBINS....

Scaphoid Bone - The bone which is located most lateral in the proximal row of CARPAL BONES....

Scarlet Fever - Infection with group A streptococci that is characterized by tonsillitis and pharyngitis. An erythem...

Scattering, Radiation - The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result...

Scattering, Small Angle - Scattering of a beam of electromagnetic or acoustic RADIATION, or particles, at small angles by part...

Scavenger Receptors, Class A - A family of scavenger receptors that mediate the influx of LIPIDS into MACROPHAGES and are involved ...

Scavenger Receptors, Class B - A family of scavenger receptors that are predominately localized to CAVEOLAE of the PLASMA MEMBRANE ...

Scavenger Receptors, Class C - A family of scavenger receptors with broad polyanionic ligand binding properties that are expressed ...

Scavenger Receptors, Class D - A class of scavenger receptors that are specific for oxidized LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and apoptotic...

Scavenger Receptors, Class E - A class of oxidized LDL receptors that contain LECTIN-like extracellular domains....

Scavenger Receptors, Class F - A group of structurally related scavenger receptors expressed predominately by ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. Th...

Scedosporium - A mitosporic fungal genus previously called Monosporium. Teleomorphs include PSEUDALLESCHERIA....

Scenedesmus - A genus of GREEN ALGAE in the family Scenedesmaceae. It forms colonies of usually four or eight cyli...

Scent Glands - Exocrine glands in animals which secrete scents which either repel or attract other animals, e.g. pe...

Scheuermann Disease - A type of juvenile osteochondrosis affecting the fibrocartilaginous disc (INTERVERTEBRAL DISK) in th...

Schiff Bases - Condensation products of aromatic amines and aldehydes forming azomethines substituted on the N atom...

Schilling Test - A diagnostic test in which vitamin B12 is tagged with radioactive cobalt, taken orally, and gastroin...

Schisandra - A plant genus of the family SCHISANDRACEAE. Members contain schisandrins (Russian) which are also ca...

Schisandraceae - A plant family of the order Illiciales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida....

Schistosoma - A genus of trematode flukes belonging to the family Schistosomatidae. There are over a dozen species...

Schistosoma haematobium - A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae which occurs at different stages ...

Schistosoma japonicum - A species of trematode blood flukes belonging to the family Schistosomatidae whose distribution is c...

Schistosoma mansoni - A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae. It is common in the Nile delta. ...

Schistosomatidae - A family of blood flukes of the class Trematoda which is found in animals and man. It Includes the g...

Schistosomiasis - Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent...

Schistosomiasis haematobia - A human disease caused by the infection of parasitic worms SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM. It is endemic in...

Schistosomiasis japonica - Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum. It is endemic in the Far East and affects the bowel...

Schistosomiasis mansoni - Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South Ameri...

Schistosomicides - Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes....

Schizoid Personality Disorder - A personality disorder manifested by a profound defect in the ability to form social relationships, ...

Schizonts - Multinucleate cells or a stage in the development of sporozoan protozoa. It is exemplified by the li...

Schizophrenia - A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality w...

Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features - Marked disorders of thought (delusions, hallucinations, or other thought disorder accompanied by dis...

Schizophrenia, Catatonic - A type of schizophrenia characterized by abnormality of motor behavior which may involve particular ...

Schizophrenia, Childhood - An obsolete concept, historically used for childhood mental disorders thought to be a form of schizo...

Schizophrenia, Disorganized - A type of schizophrenia characterized by frequent incoherence; marked loosening of associations, or ...

Schizophrenia, Paranoid - A chronic form of schizophrenia characterized primarily by the presence of persecutory or grandiose ...

Schizophrenic Language - The artificial language of schizophrenic patients - neologisms (words of the patient's own making wi...

Schizophrenic Psychology - Study of mental processes and behavior of schizophrenics....

Schizophyllum - A genus of fleshy shelf basidiomycetous fungi, family Schizophyllaceae, order POLYPORALES, growing o...

Schizopyrenida - An order of ameboid protozoa commonly having a monopodial cylindrically shaped body. Nuclear divisio...

Schizosaccharomyces - A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Schizosaccharomycetaceae, order Schizosaccharomycetales....

Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins - Proteins obtained from the species Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The function of specific proteins from...

Schizotypal Personality Disorder - A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, ...

Schnitzler Syndrome - An extremely rare condition manifested as monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN M dysproteinemia without feature...

School Admission Criteria - Requirements for the selection of students for admission to academic institutions....

School Dentistry - Preventive dental services provided for students in primary and secondary schools....

School Health Services - Preventive health services provided for students. It excludes college or university students....

School Nursing - Health and nursing care given to primary and secondary school students by a registered nurse....

Schools - Educational institutions....

Schools, Dental - Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of dentistry....

Schools, Health Occupations - Schools which offer training in the area of health....

Schools, Medical - Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine....

Schools, Nursery - Schools for children usually under five years of age....

Schools, Nursing - Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of nursing....

Schools, Pharmacy - Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of pharmacy....

Schools, Public Health - Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of public health....

Schools, Veterinary - Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of veterinary medicine....

Schwann Cells - Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of periph...

Sciatic Nerve - A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sens...

Sciatic Neuropathy - Disease or damage involving the SCIATIC NERVE, which divides into the PERONEAL NERVE and TIBIAL NERV...

Sciatica - A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral asp...

Science - The study of natural phenomena by observation, measurement, and experimentation....

Scientific Integrity Review - Work consisting of reports by the United States Office of Research Integrity, identifying questionab...

Scientific Misconduct - Intentional falsification of scientific data by presentation of fraudulent or incomplete or uncorrob...

Scilla - A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. Members contain the cardiotonic PROSCILLARIDIN. The common na...

Scimitar Syndrome - An anomalous pulmonary venous return in which the right PULMONARY VEIN is not connected to the LEFT ...

Scintillation Counting - Detection and counting of scintillations produced in a fluorescent material by ionizing radiation....

Sciuridae - A family of the order Rodentia which contains 49 genera. Some of the more common genera are MARMOTA,...

Sclera - The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment c...

Scleral Buckling - An operation for retinal detachment which reduces the size of the globe by indenting the sclera so t...

Scleral Diseases - General disorders of the sclera or white of the eye. They may include anatomic, embryologic, degener...

Scleredema Adultorum - A diffuse, non-pitting induration of the skin of unknown etiology that occurs most commonly in assoc...

Sclerema Neonatorum - A severe, sometimes fatal, disorder of adipose tissue occurring chiefly in preterm or debilitated in...

Scleritis - Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only t...

Scleroderma, Diffuse - A rapid onset form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with progressive widespread SKIN thickening over the arms...

Scleroderma, Limited - The least progressive form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with skin thickening restricted to the face, neck...

Scleroderma, Localized - A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those...

Scleroderma, Systemic - A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, ...

Scleromyxedema - A connective tissue disorder characterized by widespread thickening of SKIN with a cobblestone-like ...

Scleroplasty - Plastic surgery of the SCLERA. This procedure is used frequently to prevent blindness and poor visio...

Scleroproteins - Simple proteins characterized by their insolubility and fibrous structure. Within the body, they per...

Sclerosing Solutions - Chemical agents injected into blood vessels and lymphatic sinuses to shrink or cause localized THROM...

Sclerosis - A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vesse...

Sclerostomy - Surgical formation of an external opening in the sclera, primarily in the treatment of glaucoma....

Sclerotherapy - Treatment of varicose veins, hemorrhoids, gastric and esophageal varices, and peptic ulcer hemorrhag...

Scoliosis - An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th...

Scolymus - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE with a name that is similar to CYNARA SCOLYMUS. Members conta...

Scoparia - A plant genus of the family SCROPHULARIACEAE. Members contain thyrsiflorin and other scopadulane (la...

Scopolamine - An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivati...

Scopolamine Derivatives - Analogs or derivatives of scopolamine....

Scopoletin - Plant growth factor derived from the root of Scopolia carniolica or Scopolia japonica....

Scopolia - A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE after which the compound SCOPOLAMINE got its name....

Scorpion Venoms - Venoms from animals of the order Scorpionida of the class Arachnida. They contain neuro- and hemotox...

Scorpions - Arthropods of the order Scorpiones, of which 1500 to 2000 species have been described. The most comm...

Scorzonera - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. INULIN and SESQUITERPENES have been found in it....

Scotoma - A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a vari...

Scrapie - A fatal disease of the nervous system in sheep and goats, characterized by pruritus, debility, and l...

Screw Worm Infection - Infection with larvae of the blow fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Callitroga americanum), a common caus...

Scrophularia - A plant genus of the family SCROPHULARIACEAE. Members contain iridoids....

Scrophulariaceae - The figwort plant family of the order Scrophulariales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The ...

Scrub Typhus - An acute infectious disease caused by ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI. It is limited to eastern and southeast...

Scurvy - An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the di...

Scutellaria - A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE used in folk medicine as a nervine....

Scutellaria baicalensis - A plant species of the genus SCUTELLARIA, family LAMIACEAE, that contains skullcapflavone and is use...

Scyphozoa - The class of true jellyfish, in the phylum CNIDARIA. They are mostly free-swimming marine organisms ...

Sea Anemones - The order Actiniaria, in the class ANTHOZOA, comprised of large, solitary polyps. All species are ca...

Sea Bream - A species of PERCIFORMES commonly used in saline aquaculture....

Sea Cucumbers - A class of Echinodermata characterized by long, slender bodies....

Sea Lions - A group comprised of several species of aquatic carnivores in different genera, in the family Otarii...

Sea Nettle, East Coast - Species of jellyfish, in the family Pelagiidae, order Semaeostomeae, class SCYPHOZOA. Their painful ...

Sea Urchins - Somewhat flattened, globular echinoderms, having thin, brittle shells of calcareous plates. They are...

Sea-Blue Histiocyte Syndrome - A congenital disease caused by an inborn error involving APOLIPOPROTEINS E leading to abnormal LIPID...

Seafood - Marine fish and shellfish used as food or suitable for food. (Webster, 3d ed) SHELLFISH and FISH PRO...

Seals, Earless - The family Phocidae, suborder PINNIPEDIA, order CARNIVORA, comprising the true seals. They lack exte...

Search Engine - Software used to locate data or information stored in machine-readable form locally or at a distanc...

Seasonal Affective Disorder - A syndrome characterized by depressions that recur annually at the same time each year, usually duri...

Seasons - Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climat...

Seat Belts - Restraining belts fastened to the frame of automobiles, aircraft, or other vehicles, and strapped ar...

Seawater - The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms....

Seaweed - Marine ALGAE widely distributed in the ocean, occurring from the tide level to considerable depths, ...

Sebaceous Gland Diseases - Diseases of the sebaceous glands such as sebaceous hyperplasia and sebaceous cell carcinoma (SEBACEO...

Sebaceous Glands - Small, sacculated organs found within the DERMIS. Each gland has a single duct that emerges from a c...

Sebum - The oily substance secreted by SEBACEOUS GLANDS. It is composed of KERATIN, fat, and cellular debris...

Secale cereale - A hardy grain crop, rye, grown in northern climates. It is the most frequent host to ergot (CLAVICEP...

Secernentea - A subclass of nematodes characterized by numerous caudal papillae and an excretory system possessing...

Secernentea Infections - Infections with nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA....

Secobarbital - A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity....

Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids - Compounds formed by condensation of secologanin with tryptamine resulting in a tetrahydro-beta-carbo...

Second Messenger Systems - Systems in which an intracellular signal is generated in response to an intercellular primary messen...

Secondary Prevention - The prevention of recurrences or exacerbations of a disease that already has been diagnosed. This al...

Second-Look Surgery - A followup operation to examine the outcome of the previous surgery and other treatments, such as ch...

Secosteroids - Steroids in which fission of one or more ring structures and concomitant addition of a hydrogen atom...

Secretin - A peptide hormone of about 27 amino acids from the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secreti...

Secretogranin II - A type of chromogranin which was initially characterized in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. It is foun...

Secretory Component - The extracellular moiety of the POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR found alone or complexed with IGA ...

Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor - A proteinase inhibitor found in various BODILY SECRETIONS that coat mucosal surfaces such as SEMINAL...

Secretory Pathway - A series of sequential intracellular steps involved in the transport of proteins (such as hormones a...

Secretory Rate - The amount of a substance secreted by cells or by a specific organ or organism over a given period o...

Secretory Vesicles - Vesicles derived from the GOLGI APPARATUS containing material to be released at the cell surface....

Secularism - Indifference to, or rejection of, RELIGION or religious considerations. (From Merriam-Webster's Coll...

Securidaca - A plant genus of the family POLYGALACEAE that contains securiosides and indole alkaloids....

Security Measures - Regulations to assure protection of property and equipment....

Sedentary Lifestyle - Usual level of physical activity that is less than 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity on most...

Sedum - A plant genus of the family CRASSULACEAE. Some species in this genus are called stonecrop which is a...

Seed Storage Proteins - One or more types of plant seed proteins providing the large amounts of AMINO ACIDS utilized in GERM...

Seedling - Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS....

Seeds - The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the ...

SEER Program - A cancer registry mandated under the National Cancer Act of 1971 to operate and maintain a populatio...

Segmental Duplications, Genomic - Low-copy (2-50) repetitive DNA elements that are highly homologous and range in size from 1000 to 40...

Seizures - Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and ...

Seizures, Febrile - Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children a...

Selaginellaceae - A plant family of the order Selaginellales, class Lycopodiopsida, division Lycopodiophyta, subkingdo...

Selectins - Family of cell adhesion molecules consisting of a lectin-like domain, an epidermal growth factor-lik...

Selection Bias - The introduction of error due to systematic differences in the characteristics between those selecte...

Selection, Genetic - Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequen...

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators - A structurally diverse group of compounds distinguished from ESTROGENS by their ability to bind and ...

Selegiline - A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase. It is used in newly diagnosed patie...

Selenious Acid - A selenium compound used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium defi...

Selenium - An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential ...

Selenium Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain selenium as an integral part of the molecule....

Selenium Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of selenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Se atoms with atomic we...

Selenium-Binding Proteins - A group of proteins that covalently attach to selenium or SELENIUM-containing compounds....

Selenocysteine - A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs ...

Selenomethionine - Diagnostic aid in pancreas function determination....

Selenomonas - Curved bacteria, usually crescent-shaped rods, with ends often tapered, occurring singly, in pairs, ...

Selenoprotein P - An extracellular selenoprotein that contains most of the SELENIUM in PLASMA. Selenoprotein P functio...

Selenoprotein W - A single SELENOCYSTEINE containing protein that binds reduced GLUTATHIONE and can act as an antioxid...

Selenoproteins - Selenoproteins are proteins that specifically incorporate SELENOCYSTEINE into their amino acid chain...

SELEX Aptamer Technique - A method of generating a large library of randomized nucleotides and selecting NUCLEOTIDE APTAMERS b...

Self Administration - Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includ...

Self Assessment (Psychology) - Appraisal of one's own personal qualities or traits....

Self Care - Performance of activities or tasks traditionally performed by professional health care providers. Th...

Self Concept - A person's view of himself....

Self Disclosure - A willingness to reveal information about oneself to others....

Self Efficacy - Cognitive mechanism based on expectations or beliefs about one's ability to perform actions necessar...

Self Medication - The self administration of medication not prescribed by a physician or in a manner not directed by a...

Self Mutilation - The act of injuring one's own body to the extent of cutting off or permanently destroying a limb or ...

Self Psychology - Psychoanalytic theory focusing on interpretation of behavior in reference to self. (From APA, Thesau...

Self Stimulation - Stimulation of the brain, which is self-administered. The stimulation may result in negative or posi...

Self Tolerance - The normal lack of the ability to produce an immunological response to autologous (self) antigens. A...

Self-Care Units - Rooms in health care facilities for patients who require a minimal level of care....

Self-Evaluation Programs - Educational programs structured in such a manner that the participating professionals, physicians, o...

Self-Examination - The inspection of one's own body, usually for signs of disease (e.g., BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION, testi...

Self-Help Devices - Devices, not affixed to the body, designed to help persons having musculoskeletal or neuromuscular d...

Self-Help Groups - Organizations which provide an environment encouraging social interactions through group activities ...

Self-Injurious Behavior - Behavior in which persons hurt or harm themselves without the motive of suicide or of sexual deviati...

Self-Sustained Sequence Replication - An isothermal in-vitro nucleotide amplification process. The process involves the concomitant action...

Sella Turcica - A bony prominence situated on the upper surface of the body of the sphenoid bone. It houses the PITU...

Semantic Differential - Analysis of word concepts by the association of polar adjectives, e.g., good-bad, with the concept, ...

Semantics - The relationships between symbols and their meanings....

Semaphorin-3A - The prototypical and most well-studied member of the semaphorin family. Semaphorin-3A is an axon-rep...

Semaphorins - A family of proteins that mediate axonal guidance. Semaphorins act as repulsive cues for neuronal G...

Semecarpus - A plant genus of the family ANACARDIACEAE that is the source of anacarcin forte. The nut milk extrac...

Semen - The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejacu...

Semen Analysis - The quality of SEMEN, an indicator of male fertility, can be determined by semen volume, pH, sperm c...

Semen Preservation - The process by which semen is kept viable outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., k...

Semiaquilegia - A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE that contains griffonilide, lithospermoside, and magnoflor...

Semicircular Canals - Three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the bony labyrinth. They are set at right an...

Semicircular Ducts - The three membranous semicircular ducts within the bony semicircular canals. They open into the UTRI...

Semiconductors - Materials that have a limited and usually variable electrical conductivity. They are particularly us...

Seminal Plasma Proteins - Proteins found in SEMEN. Major seminal plasma proteins are secretory proteins from the male sex acce...

Seminal Vesicle Secretory Proteins - The secretory proteins of the seminal vesicles are proteins and enzymes that are important in the ra...

Seminal Vesicles - A saclike, glandular diverticulum on each ductus deferens in male vertebrates. It is united with the...

Seminiferous Epithelium - The epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules composed of primary male germ cells (SPERMATOGONIA) a...

Seminiferous Tubules - The convoluted tubules in the TESTIS where sperm are produced (SPERMATOGENESIS) and conveyed to the ...

Seminoma - A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells...

Semliki forest virus - A species of ALPHAVIRUS isolated in central, eastern, and southern Africa....

Semustine - 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating a...

Sendai virus - The type species of RESPIROVIRUS in the subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE. It is the murine version of HUMAN...

Senecio - A species of toxic plants of the Compositae. The poisonous compounds are alkaloids which cause cattl...

Senegal - A republic in western Africa, southwest of MAURITANIA and east of MALI. Its capital is Dakar....

Senile Plaques - Spherical masses consisting of amyloid fibrils and neuronal processes....

Senna Extract - Preparations of Cassia senna and C. angustifolia (see SENNA PLANT). They contain sennosides, which a...

Senna Plant - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. SENNA EXTRACT is obtained from members of this genus. Members ...

Sensation - The process in which specialized SENSORY RECEPTOR CELLS transduce peripheral stimuli (physical or ch...

Sensation Disorders - Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i...

Sensitivity and Specificity - Measures for assessing the results of diagnostic and screening tests. Sensitivity represents the pro...

Sensitivity Training Groups - A group of people who meet in an unstructured setting to learn about themselves, interpersonal relat...

Sensory Art Therapies - Therapies using arts or directed at the senses....

Sensory Deprivation - The absence or restriction of the usual external sensory stimuli to which the individual responds....

Sensory Gating - The ability of the BRAIN to suppress neuronal responses to external sensory inputs, such as auditory...

Sensory Receptor Cells - Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transm...

Sensory Rhodopsins - Photosensory rhodopsins found in microorganisms such as HALOBACTERIA. They convert light signals int...

Sensory System Agents - Drugs that act on neuronal sensory receptors resulting in an increase, decrease, or modification of ...

Sensory Thresholds - The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response....

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy - A diagnostic procedure used to determine whether LYMPHATIC METASTASIS has occurred. The sentinel lym...

Sentinel Surveillance - Monitoring of rate of occurrence of specific conditions to assess the stability or change in health ...

Seoul virus - A species of HANTAVIRUS causing a less severe form of HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME in Asia ...

Sepia - A genus of cuttlefish in the family Sepiidae. They live in tropical, subtropical and temperate water...

Sepsis - Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis ...

Septal Nuclei - Neural nuclei situated in the septal region. They have afferent and cholinergic efferent connections...

Septal Occluder Device - A CATHETER-delivered implant used for closing abnormal holes in the cardiovascular system, especiall...

September 11 Terrorist Attacks - Terrorism on September 11, 2001 against targets in New York, the Pentagon in Virginia, and an aborte...

Septo-Optic Dysplasia - A condition resulting from congenital malformations involving the brain. The syndrome of septo-optic...

Septum of Brain - Gray matter structures of the telencephalon and limbic system in the brain, but containing widely va...

Septum Pellucidum - A triangular double membrane separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles of the brain. I...

Sequence Alignment - The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a ...

Sequence Analysis - A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), it...

Sequence Analysis, DNA - A multistage process that includes DNA cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and inform...

Sequence Analysis, Protein - A process that includes the determination of an amino acid sequence of a protein (or peptide, oligop...

Sequence Analysis, RNA - A multistage process that includes RNA cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and inform...

Sequence Deletion - Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual....

Sequence Homology - The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID...

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid - The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyz...

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid - The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nuc...

Sequence Inversion - The deletion and reinsertion of a segment of a nucleic acid sequence in the same place, but flipped ...

Sequence Tagged Sites - Short tracts of DNA sequence that are used as landmarks in GENOME mapping. In most instances, 200 to...

Sequiviridae - A family of monopartite RNA plant viruses resembling picornaviruses and containing two genera: SEQUI...

Sequivirus - A genus of plant viruses in the family SEQUIVIRIDAE. Transmission is by APHIDS but depends on the pr...

Sequoia - A plant genus of the family TAXODIACEAE known for including some of the tallest trees....

Sequoiadendron - A plant genus of the family TAXODIACEAE known for tall trees like the SEQUOIA redwoods....

Serbia - A republic located south of HUNGARY, west of ROMANIA and BULGARIA, and part of the former YUGOSLAVI...

Serenoa - A plant genus in the family ARECACEAE, order Arecales, subclass Arecidae. The fruit or the extract (...

Serial Extraction - The selective extraction of deciduous teeth during the stage of mixed dentition in accordance with t...

Serial Learning - Learning to make a series of responses in exact order....

Serial Passage - Inoculation of a series of animals or in vitro tissue with an infectious bacterium or virus, as in V...

Serial Publications - Publications in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designation...

Sericins - A serine-rich sticky protein secreted by MOTHS. Generally, the term refers to silkworm silk gum prot...

Serine - A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE...

Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase - A key enzyme in SPHINGOLIPIDS biosynthesis, this enzyme catalyzes the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-depende...

Serine Endopeptidases - Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in...

Serine O-Acetyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-SERINE to COENZYME A and O-acetyl-L-serine, using ACETY...

Serine Proteases - Peptide hydrolases that contain at the active site a SERINE residue involved in catalysis....

Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - Exogenous or endogenous compounds which inhibit SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES....

Serine-tRNA Ligase - An enzyme that activates serine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.11....

Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase - A carboxypeptidase that is specific for proteins that contain two ALANINE residues on their C-termin...

Sermons - Works consisting of discourses for the purpose of religious instruction or exhortation, especially o...

Sermorelin - The biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-...

Seroepidemiologic Studies - EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in...

Serologic Tests - Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions....

Serology - The study of serum, especially of antigen-antibody reactions in vitro....

Seroma - Tumor-like sterile accumulation of serum in a tissue, organ, or cavity. It results from a tissue ins...

Serositis - Inflammation of a serous membrane....

Serotonin - A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In hu...

Serotonin Agents - Drugs used for their effects on serotonergic systems. Among these are drugs that affect serotonin re...

Serotonin Agonists - Agents that have an affinity for serotonin receptors and are able to mimic the effects of serotonin ...

Serotonin Antagonists - Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotoni...

Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of se...

Serotonin Syndrome - An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuro...

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - Compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This increases the serot...

Serous Membrane - A thin lining of closed cavities of the body, consisting of a single layer of squamous epithelial ce...

Serpins - A family of serine proteinase inhibitors which are similar in amino acid sequence and mechanism of i...

Serratia - A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in the natural en...

Serratia Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus SERRATIA....

Serratia liquefaciens - A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus SERRATIA found in plants and the DIGESTIVE TRACT of...

Serratia marcescens - A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, water, food,...

Sertoli Cell Tumor - Gonadal neoplasm composed entirely of SERTOLI CELLS or may have a component of GRANULOSA CELLS. Some...

Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome - A type of male infertility in which no germ cells are visible in any of the biopsied SEMINIFEROUS TU...

Sertoli Cells - Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround...

Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor - A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor consists of LEYDIG CELLS; SERTOLI CELLS; and FIBROBLASTS in varying...

Sertraline - A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression....

Serum - The clear portion of BLOOD that is left after BLOOD COAGULATION to remove BLOOD CELLS and clotting p...

Serum Albumin - A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and tran...

Serum Albumin, Bovine - Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)...

Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated - Normal human serum albumin mildly iodinated with radioactive iodine (131-I) which has a half-life of...

Serum Amyloid A Protein - An ACUTE PHASE REACTION protein present in low concentrations in normal sera, but found at higher co...

Serum Amyloid P-Component - Amyloid P component is a small, non-fibrillar glycoprotein found in normal serum and in all amyloid ...

Serum Bactericidal Test - Method of measuring the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicr...

Serum Globulins - All blood proteins except albumin ( = SERUM ALBUMIN, which is not a globulin) and FIBRINOGEN (which ...

Serum Response Element - A DNA sequence that is found in the promoter region of many growth-related genes. The regulatory tra...

Serum Response Factor - A MADS domain-containing transcription factor that binds to the SERUM RESPONSE ELEMENT in the promot...

Serum Sickness - Immune complex disease caused by the administration of foreign serum or serum proteins and character...

Sesame Oil - The refined fixed oil obtained from the seed of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum....

Sesamum - A plant genus of the family PEDALIACEAE that is the source of the edible seed and SESAME OIL....

Sesbania - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain piperidine alkaloids (PIPERIDINES)....

Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane - SESQUITERPENES cyclized into two adjoining cyclohexane rings but with a different configuration from...

Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane - SESQUITERPENES cyclized to one 10-carbon ring....

Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane - SESQUITERPENES cyclized into two adjoining rings, one being 7-carbons and the other is 5-carbons....

Sesterterpenes - Terpenes of five units of HEMITERPENES, formed from geranylfarnesyl pyrophosphate....

Set (Psychology) - Readiness to think or respond in a predetermined way when confronted with a problem or stimulus situ...

Setaria Nematode - A genus of parasitic nematodes found in the peritoneal cavity of wild or domestic cattle or equines....

Setaria Plant - A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The small pointed seeds are grown for hay in North America and ...

Setariasis - Infection with nematodes of the genus Setaria. This condition is usually seen in cattle and equines ...

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing ...

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated imm...

Severity of Illness Index - Levels of severity of illness within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement...

Seveso Accidental Release - 1976 accidental release of DIOXINS from a manufacturing facility in Seveso, ITALY following an equip...

Sewage - Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers. (Webster, 3d ed)...

Sex - The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, diffe...

Sex Attractants - Pheromones that elicit sexual attraction or mating behavior usually in members of the opposite sex i...

Sex Characteristics - Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are t...

Sex Chromatin - In the interphase nucleus, a condensed mass of chromatin representing an inactivated X chromosome. E...

Sex Chromosome Aberrations - Abnormal number or structure of the SEX CHROMOSOMES. Many sex chromosome aberrations, but not all, a...

Sex Chromosome Disorders - Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal sex chromosome constitution (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS) i...

Sex Chromosomes - The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME,...

Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors - Neoplasms derived from the primitive sex cord or gonadal stromal cells of the embryonic GONADS. They...

Sex Counseling - Advice and support given to individuals to help them understand and resolve their sexual adjustment ...

Sex Determination (Analysis) - Validation of the SEX of an individual by inspection of the GONADS and/or by genetic tests....

Sex Determination (Genetics) - The mechanism in a given species, by which the SEX of an individual is fixed. In many species, sex i...

Sex Determination by Skeleton - Validation of the sex of an individual by means of the bones of the SKELETON. It is most commonly ba...

Sex Differentiation - The process in developing sex- or gender-specific tissue, organ, or function after SEX DETERMINATION...

Sex Differentiation Disorders - Abnormalities in the development of the GONADS, the genital tracts, the external GENITALIA, and gend...

Sex Distribution - The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or...

Sex Education - Education which increases the knowledge of the functional, structural, and behavioral aspects of hum...

Sex Factors - Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a res...

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin - A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicat...

Sex Manuals - Books used for sex education and procedural instruction....

Sex Offenses - Any violation of established legal or moral codes in respect to sexual behavior....

Sex Preselection - Methods for controlling genetic SEX of offspring. It may include SEX DETERMINATION (GENETICS) and ot...

Sex Ratio - The number of males per 100 females....

Sex Reversal, Gonadal - Complete or partial change from one sex to another with regard to gonadal development. Gonadal sex r...

Sex-Determining Region Y Protein - A transcription factor that plays an essential role in the development of the TESTES. It is encoded ...

Sexology - This discipline concerns the study of SEXUALITY, and the application of sexual knowledge such as sex...

Sexual Abstinence - Refraining from SEXUAL INTERCOURSE....

Sexual and Gender Disorders - Mental disorders related to sexual dysfunction, paraphilias, and gender identity disorders....

Sexual Behavior - Sexual activities of humans....

Sexual Behavior, Animal - Sexual activities of animals....

Sexual Development - The processes of anatomical and physiological changes related to sexual or reproductive functions du...

Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological - Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female....

Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological - Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual respons...

Sexual Harassment - A form of discrimination in the workplace which violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Sexual harass...

Sexual Infantilism - The permanent lack of SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT in an individual. This defect is usually observed at an age...

Sexual Maturation - Achievement of full sexual capacity in animals and in humans....

Sexual Partners - Married or single individuals who share sexual relations....

Sexuality - The sexual functions, activities, attitudes, and orientations of an individual. Sexuality, male or f...

Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact....

Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial - Bacterial diseases transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct....

Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral - Viral diseases which are transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct....

Seychelles - A group of Indian Ocean Islands, east of Tanzania. Their capital is Victoria. They were first claime...

Sezary Syndrome - A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalized exfoliative ERYTHRODERMA; PRURITUS; pe...

SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases - A subcategory of protein tyrosine phosphatases that contain SH2 type SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS. Many of t...

Shab Potassium Channels - A subfamily of shaker potassium channels that shares homology with its founding member, Shab protein...

Shadowing (Histology) - The technique of spraying a tissue specimen with a thin coat of a heavy metal such as platinum. The ...

Shaken Baby Syndrome - Brain injuries resulted from vigorous shaking of an infant or young child held by the chest, shoulde...

Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels - Voltage-gated potassium channels whose primary subunits contain six transmembrane segments and form ...

Shal Potassium Channels - A shaker subfamily of potassium channels that participate in transient outward potassium currents by...

Shallots - Mildly aromatic herb in the Allium genus related to ONIONS and garlic used in SPICES....

Shamanism - An intermediate stage between polytheism and monotheism, which assumes a "Great Spirit", with lesser...

Shame - An emotional attitude excited by realization of a shortcoming or impropriety....

Shared Paranoid Disorder - A condition in which closely related persons, usually in the same family, share the same delusions....

Sharks - A group of elongate elasmobranchs. Sharks are mostly marine fish, with certain species large and vor...

Shaw Potassium Channels - A shaker subfamily that is prominently expressed in NEURONS and are necessary for high-frequency, re...

Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins - A family of signaling adaptor proteins that contain SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS. Many members of this famil...

Shear Strength - The internal resistance of a material to moving some parts of it parallel to a fixed plane, in contr...

Sheep - Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachry...

Sheep Diseases - Diseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus Ovis....

Sheep, Bighorn - A species of sheep, Ovis canadensis, characterized by massive brown horns. There are at least four s...

Sheep, Domestic - A species of sheep, Ovis aries, descended from Near Eastern wild forms, especially mouflon....

Shellfish - Aquatic invertebrates belonging to the phylum MOLLUSCA or the subphylum CRUSTACEA, and used as food....

Shellfish Poisoning - Poisoning from toxins present in bivalve mollusks that have been ingested. Four distinct types of sh...

Sheltered Workshops - Protective places of employment for disabled persons which provide training and employment on a temp...

Shewanella - A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. It is a saprophytic, marine organism which i...

Shewanella putrefaciens - A species of SHEWANELLA noted for its ability to reduce iron and manganese anaerobically....

Shiga Toxin - A toxin produced by SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE. It is the prototype of class of toxins that inhibit protei...

Shiga Toxin 1 - A toxin produced by certain pathogenic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157. It...

Shiga Toxin 2 - A toxin produced by certain pathogenic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157. It...

Shiga Toxins - A class of toxins that inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the interaction of ribosomal RNA; (RNA,...

Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli - Strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI with the ability to produce at least one or more of at least two antigen...

Shigella - A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that ferments sugar without g...

Shigella boydii - One of the SHIGELLA species that produces bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY)....

Shigella dysenteriae - A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is extremely pathogeni...

Shigella flexneri - A bacterium which is one of the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) and s...

Shigella sonnei - A lactose-fermenting bacterium causing dysentery....

Shigella Vaccines - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) caused by ...

Shiitake Mushrooms - Mushrooms in the order AGARICALES containing B vitamins, cortinelin, and the polysaccharide LENTINAN...

Shikimic Acid - A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the sh...

Ships - Large vessels propelled by power or sail used for transportation on rivers, seas, oceans, or other n...

Shivering - Involuntary contraction or twitching of the muscles. It is a physiologic method of heat production i...

Shock - A pathological condition that can suddenly affect the hemodynamic equilibrium, usually manifested by...

Shock, Cardiogenic - Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease....

Shock, Hemorrhagic - Acute hemorrhage or excessive fluid loss resulting in HYPOVOLEMIA....

Shock, Septic - Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion ...

Shock, Surgical - A type of shock that occurs as a result of a surgical procedure....

Shock, Traumatic - Shock produced as a result of trauma....

Short Bowel Syndrome - A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the ab...

Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements - Highly repeated sequences, 100-300 bases long, which contain RNA polymerase III promoters. The prima...

Short Rib-Polydactyly Syndrome - A syndrome inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and incompatible with life. The main features a...

Short-Wave Therapy - The use of focused short radio waves to produce local hyperthermia in an injured person or diseased ...

Shoulder Dislocation - Displacement of the HUMERUS from the SCAPULA....

Shoulder Fractures - Fractures of the proximal humerus, including the head, anatomic and surgical necks, and tuberosities...

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome - Compression of the rotator cuff tendons and subacromial bursa between the humeral head and structure...

Shoulder Joint - The articulation between the head of the HUMERUS and the glenoid cavity of the SCAPULA....

Shoulder Pain - Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work...

Showdomycin - 3-beta-D-Ribofuranosylmaleimide. Antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces showdoensis. I...

Shwartzman Phenomenon - Hemorrhagic necrosis that was first demonstrated in rabbits with a two-step reaction, an initial loc...

Shy-Drager Syndrome - A progressive neurodegenerative condition of the central and autonomic nervous systems characterized...

Shyness - Discomfort and partial inhibition of the usual forms of behavior when in the presence of others....

Siadenovirus - A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE comprising species including viruses of frogs (FROGS AND TOADS) and TURKEYS....

Sialadenitis - INFLAMMATION of salivary tissue (SALIVARY GLANDS), usually due to INFECTION or injuries....

Sialic Acid Storage Disease - Autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorders caused by lysosomal membrane transport defects that ...

Sialic Acids - A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. The...

Sialoglycoproteins - Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in...

Sialography - Radiography of the SALIVARY GLANDS or ducts following injection of contrast medium....

Sialometaplasia, Necrotizing - A benign, inflammatory, variably ulcerated, occasionally bilateral, self-healing lesion of the minor...

Sialomucins - A subcategory of mucins that contain SIALIC ACID....

Sialorrhea - Increased salivary flow....

Sialyltransferases - A group of enzymes with the general formula CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:acceptor N-acetylneuraminyl tran...

Sibling Relations - Interactions and relationships between sisters and/or brothers. The concept also applies to animal s...

Siblings - Persons or animals having at least one parent in common. (American College Dictionary, 3d ed)...

Sick Building Syndrome - A group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-effic...

Sick Leave - An absence from work permitted because of illness or the number of days per year for which an employ...

Sick Role - Set of expectations that exempt persons from responsibility for their illness and exempt them from u...

Sick Sinus Syndrome - A condition caused by dysfunctions related to the SINOATRIAL NODE including impulse generation (CARD...

Sickle Cell Trait - The condition of being heterozygous for hemoglobin S....

Sickness Impact Profile - A quality-of-life scale developed in the United States in 1972 as a measure of health status or dysf...

Sideritis - A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that contains isoscutellarein-7-O-(allosyl(1-2)glucoside)....

Siderophores - Low-molecular-weight compounds produced by microorganisms that aid in the transport and sequestratio...

Siderosis - A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes....

Sierra Leone - A republic in western Africa, south of GUINEA and west of LIBERIA. Its capital is Freetown....

Sigma Factor - A protein which is a subunit of RNA polymerase. It effects initiation of specific RNA chains from DN...

Sigmodontinae - A subfamily of the family MURIDAE comprised of 69 genera. New World mice and rats are included in th...

Sigmoid Diseases - Pathological processes in the SIGMOID COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE)....

Sigmoid Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the SIGMOID COLON....

Sigmoidoscopes - Endoscopes for examining the interior of the sigmoid colon....

Sigmoidoscopy - Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the sigmoid flexure....

Sign Language - A system of hand gestures used for communication by the deaf or by people speaking different languag...

Signal Detection, Psychological - Psychophysical technique that permits the estimation of the bias of the observer as well as detectab...

Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted - Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function an...

Signal Recognition Particle - A cytosolic ribonucleoprotein complex that acts to induce elongation arrest of nascent presecretory ...

Signal Transduction - The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathwa...

Signs and Symptoms - Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective whe...

Signs and Symptoms, Digestive - Digestive system manifestations of diseases of the gastrointestinal system or of other organs....

Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory - Respiratory system manifestations of diseases of the respiratory tract or of other organs....

Silage - Fodder converted into succulent feed for livestock through processes of anaerobic fermentation (as i...

Silanes - Compounds similar to hydrocarbons in which a tetravalent silicon atom replaces the carbon atom. They...

Silencer Elements, Transcriptional - Nucleic acid sequences that are involved in the negative regulation of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION by chro...

Silene - A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name of campion is also used with LYCHNIS. T...

Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae - A set of nuclear proteins in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE that are required for the transcriptional repr...

Silicate Cement - A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher...

Silicates - The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, a...

Silicic Acid - Hydrated silicon dioxide that occurs in nature. It is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluori...

Silicon - A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It...

Silicon Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule....

Silicon Dioxide - Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint,...

Silicone Elastomers - Polymers of silicone that are formed by crosslinking and treatment with amorphous silica to increase...

Silicone Gels - Synthetic organosiloxane gels that are formed from synthetic polymers of silicone oxide with organic...

Silicone Oils - Organic siloxanes which are polymerized to the oily stage. The oils have low surface tension and den...

Silicones - A broad family of synthetic organosiloxane polymers containing a repeating silicon-oxygen backbone w...

Silicosis - A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DI...

Silicotuberculosis - Pulmonary or extrapulmonary infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or nontuberculous mycobac...

Silk - A continuous protein fiber consisting primarily of FIBROINS. It is synthesized by a variety of INSEC...

Silo Filler's Disease - A form of alveolitis or PNEUMONITIS caused by hypersensitivity to high level of inhaled nitrogen oxi...

Siloxanes - Silicon polymers that contain alternate silicon and oxygen atoms in linear or cyclic molecular struc...

Silver - Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a so...

Silver Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain silver as an integral part of the molecule....

Silver Nitrate - A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NE...

Silver Proteins - Compounds of silver and proteins used as topical anti-infective agents....

Silver Staining - The use of silver, usually silver nitrate, as a reagent for producing contrast or coloration in tiss...

Silver Sulfadiazine - Antibacterial used topically in burn therapy....

Silver-Russell Syndrome - Genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by low birth weight, postnatal growt...

Silymarin - A mixture of flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum. It consists prim...

Simarouba - A plant genus of the family SIMAROUBACEAE. Members produce quassinoids....

Simaroubaceae - A plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are alternate ...

Simazine - A triazine herbicide....

Simbu virus - A species in the ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS genus of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE family. Previously a large group o...

Simethicone - A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added ...

Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - Acquired defect of cellular immunity that occurs naturally in macaques infected with SRV serotypes, ...

Simian foamy virus - A species of SPUMAVIRUS causing non-pathogenic infections in chimpanzees and humans....

Simian immunodeficiency virus - Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES...

Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 - A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2, closely related to the human HTLV-1 virus. The clinical,...

Simian T-lymphotropic virus 2 - A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2 isolated from Congolese bonobos (PAN PANISCUS)....

Simian T-lymphotropic virus 3 - Strains of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 3 isolated from diverse primate species....

Simian virus 40 - A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignan...

Simian virus 5 - A species of RUBULAVIRUS originally isolated from cultured primary monkey cells. Its natural host is...

Simplexvirus - A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like...

Simuliidae - Several species of the genus Simulium (family Simuliidae) that act as intermediate hosts (vectors) f...

Simvastatin - A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A...

Sin Nombre virus - A species of HANTAVIRUS which emerged in the Four Corners area of the United States in 1993. It caus...

Sin3 Histone Deacetylase and Corepressor Complex - A multisubunit enzyme complex that regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION by deacetylating the HISTONE resi...

Sinapis - A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE. The common name of white mustard sometimes refers to other...

Sincalide - An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it...

Sindbis Virus - The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Afr...

Single Embryo Transfer - The techniques used to select and/or place only one embryo from FERTILIZATION IN VITRO into the uter...

Single Parent - A natural, adoptive, or substitute parent of a dependent child, who lives with only one parent. The ...

Single Person - The unmarried man or woman....

Single-Blind Method - A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which th...

Single-Chain Antibodies - A form of antibodies (scFv) consisting of the variable regions of only the heavy and light chains, c...

Single-Parent Family - A household that includes children and is headed by one adult....

Single-Payer System - An approach to health care financing with only one source of money for paying health care providers....

Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases - Enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of single-stranded regions of DNA or RNA molecule...

Singlet Oxygen - An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts ...

Sinoatrial Block - Disturbance in the atrial activation that is caused by transient failure of impulse conduction from ...

Sinoatrial Node - The small mass of modified cardiac muscle fibers located at the junction of the superior vena cava (...

Sinomenium - A plant genus of the family MENISPERMACEAE. Members contain sinomenine, caffeine, 1,7-dimethylxanthi...

Sinorhizobium - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, nonsporeforming rods which usually contain granules of poly-beta-...

Sinorhizobium fredii - A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is a fast-growing and soybean-nodulating innoculan...

Sinorhizobium meliloti - A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes formation of root nodules on some, but not ...

Sinus Arrest, Cardiac - The omission of atrial activation that is caused by transient cessation of impulse generation at the...

Sinus of Valsalva - The dilatation of the aortic wall behind each of the cusps of the aortic valve....

Sinus Pericranii - Rare vascular anomaly involving a communication between the intracranial and extracranial venous cir...

Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial - Formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the CRANIAL SINUSES, large endothelium-lined ven...

Sinusitis - Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES....

Siphoviridae - A family of BACTERIOPHAGES and ARCHAEAL VIRUSES which are characterized by long, non-contractile tai...

Sirenia - An order of heavy-bodied, slow-moving, completely aquatic, herbivorous mammals. The body is fusiform...

Sirolimus - A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the ...

Sirtuin 1 - A sirtuin family member found primarily in the CELL NUCLEUS. It is an NAD-dependent deacetylase with...

Sirtuin 2 - A sirtuin family member found primarily in the CYTOPLASM. It is a multifunctional enzyme that contai...

Sirtuin 3 - A sirtuin family member found primarily in MITOCHONDRIA. It is a multifunctional enzyme that contain...

Sirtuins - A homologous family of regulatory enzymes that are structurally related to the protein silent mating...

Sisomicin - Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the...

Sister Chromatid Exchange - An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chr...

Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific) - An enzyme responsible for producing a species-characteristic methylation pattern on adenine residues...

Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Cytosine-N(4)-Specific) - A DNA-methyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE to t...

Sitosterols - A family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have b...

Situs Inversus - A congenital abnormality in which organs in the THORAX and the ABDOMEN are opposite to their normal ...

Size Perception - The sensory interpretation of the dimensions of objects....

Sizofiran - A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immun...

Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome - An autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder characterized by severe ichthyosis MENTAL RETARDATION...

Sjogren's Syndrome - Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progre...

Skates (Fish) - The common name for all members of the Rajidae family. Skates and rays are members of the same order...

Skating - Using ice skates, roller skates, or skateboards in racing or other competition or for recreation....

Skeletal Muscle Myosins - Myosin type II isoforms found in skeletal muscle....

Skeletal Muscle Ventricle - Autologous skeletal muscle that is wrapped around the heart and electrically stimulated in order to ...

Skiing - A snow sport which uses skis to glide over the snow. It does not include water-skiing....

Skilled Nursing Facilities - Extended care facilities which provide skilled nursing care or rehabilitation services for inpatient...

Skin - The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS a...

Skin Abnormalities - Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin....

Skin Absorption - Uptake of substances through the SKIN....

Skin Aging - The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be...

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases - A collective term for diseases of the skin and its appendages and of connective tissue....

Skin Care - Maintenance of the hygienic state of the skin under optimal conditions of cleanliness and comfort. E...

Skin Diseases, Bacterial - Skin diseases caused by bacteria....

Skin Diseases, Eczematous - Any of a variety of eruptive skin disorders characterized by erythema, oozing, vesiculation, and sca...

Skin Diseases, Genetic - Diseases of the skin with a genetic component, usually the result of various inborn errors of metabo...

Skin Diseases, Infectious - Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses....

Skin Diseases, Metabolic - Diseases of the skin associated with underlying metabolic disorders....

Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous - A group of dermatoses with distinct morphologic features. The primary lesion is most commonly a papu...

Skin Diseases, Parasitic - Skin diseases caused by ARTHROPODS; HELMINTHS; or other parasites....

Skin Diseases, Vascular - Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflamm...

Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous - Skin diseases characterized by local or general distributions of blisters. They are classified accor...

Skin Diseases, Viral - Skin diseases caused by viruses....

Skin Irritancy Tests - Tests or bioassays that measure the skin sensitization potential of various chemicals....

Skin Manifestations - Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury....

Skin Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the SKIN....

Skin Physiological Phenomena - The functions of the skin in the human and animal body. It includes the pigmentation of the skin....

Skin Physiological Processes - Biological activities and functions of the SKIN....

Skin Pigmentation - Coloration of the skin....

Skin Temperature - The TEMPERATURE at the outer surface of the body....

Skin Test End-Point Titration - A quantitative form of intradermal testing for the relative allergenicity of a substance. It is used...

Skin Tests - Epicutaneous or intradermal application of a sensitizer for demonstration of either delayed or immed...

Skin Transplantation - The grafting of skin in humans or animals from one site to another to replace a lost portion of the ...

Skin Window Technique - A technique to study CELL MIGRATION in the INFLAMMATION process or during immune reactions. After an...

Skin, Artificial - Synthetic material used for the treatment of burns and other conditions involving large-scale loss o...

Skinfold Thickness - The measurement of subcutaneous fat located directly beneath the skin by grasping a fold of skin and...

SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases - A subset of ubiquitin protein ligases that are formed by the association of a SKP DOMAIN PROTEIN, a ...

Skull - The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN....

Skull Base - The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) sur...

Skull Base Neoplasms - Neoplasms of the base of the skull specifically, differentiated from neoplasms of unspecified sites ...

Skull Fracture, Basilar - Fractures which extend through the base of the SKULL, usually involving the PETROUS BONE. Battle's s...

Skull Fracture, Depressed - A skull fracture characterized by inward depression of a fragment or section of cranial bone, often ...

Skull Fractures - Fractures of the skull which may result from penetrating or nonpenetrating head injuries or rarely B...

Skull Neoplasms - Neoplasms of the bony part of the skull....

Sleep - A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated...

Sleep Apnea Syndromes - Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arou...

Sleep Apnea, Central - A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructiv...

Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It...

Sleep Arousal Disorders - Sleep disorders characterized by impaired arousal from the deeper stages of sleep (generally stage I...

Sleep Bruxism - A sleep disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth and forceful lateral or protru...

Sleep Deprivation - The state of being deprived of sleep under experimental conditions, due to life events, or from a wi...

Sleep Disorders - Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may b...

Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm - Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e....

Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic - Dyssomnias (i.e., insomnias or hypersomnias) associated with dysfunction of internal sleep mechanism...

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders - Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur a...

Sleep Medicine Specialty - A medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of SLEEP DISORDERS and their causes....

Sleep Paralysis - A common condition characterized by transient partial or total paralysis of skeletal muscles and are...

Sleep Phase Chronotherapy - A progressive advance or delay of bedtime until the desired bedtime is achieved....

Sleep Stages - Periods of sleep manifested by changes in EEG activity and certain behavioral correlates; includes S...

Sleep, REM - A stage of sleep characterized by rapid movements of the eye and low voltage fast pattern EEG. It is...

Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders - Parasomnias characterized by behavioral abnormalities that occur during the transition between wakef...

Slit Ventricle Syndrome - An intermittent and self-limiting headache disorder in individuals with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNTS e...

Sloths - Slow-moving exclusively arboreal mammals that inhabit the tropical forests of South and Central Amer...

Slovakia - Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slo...

Slovenia - Created 7 April 1992 as a result of the division of Yugoslavia....

Slow Virus Diseases - Diseases of viral origin, characterized by incubation periods of months to years, insidious onset of...

Smad Proteins - A family of proteins that are involved in the translocation of signals from TGF-BETA RECEPTORS; BONE...

Smad Proteins, Inhibitory - A sub-family of smad proteins that inhibit cell signaling by RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS. They ...

Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated - A family of smad proteins that undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS in response to TRAN...

Smad1 Protein - A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEP...

Smad2 Protein - A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. It re...

Smad3 Protein - A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. Activ...

Smad4 Protein - A signal transducing adaptor protein and tumor suppressor protein. It forms a complex with activated...

Smad5 Protein - A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEP...

Smad6 Protein - An inhibitory Smad protein that negatively regulates the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS from BONE MORP...

Smad7 Protein - An inhibitory smad protein that associates with TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA RECEPTORS and BONE M...

Smad8 Protein - A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEP...

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma - A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA)....

Small Molecule Libraries - Large collections of small molecules (molecular weight about 600 or less), of similar or diverse nat...

Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins - A class of structurally related proteins of 12-20 kDa in size. They covalently modify specific prote...

Small-Area Analysis - A method of analyzing the variation in utilization of health care in small geographic or demographic...

Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels - A major class of calcium-activated potassium channels that are found primarily in excitable CELLS. T...

Smallpox - An acute, highly contagious, often fatal infectious disease caused by an orthopoxvirus characterized...

Smallpox Vaccine - A live VACCINIA VIRUS vaccine of calf lymph or chick embryo origin, used for immunization against sm...

Smear Layer - Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micr...

Smegma - A foul-smelling accumulation of SEBUM and desquaminated epidermal cells, especially the cheesy subst...

Smegmamorpha - Group of fish under the superorder Acanthopterygii, separate from the PERCIFORMES, which includes sw...

Smell - The ability to detect scents or odors, such as the function of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS....

Smilacaceae - A plant family of the order Liliales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledon)....

Smilacina - A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. The cluster of flowers at the end of the stalk distinguishes ...

Smilax - A plant genus of the family SMILACACEAE. Members contain smiglasides (phenylpropanoid glycosides) an...

Smiling - A facial expression which may denote feelings of pleasure, affection, amusement, etc....

Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome - An autosomal recessive disorder of CHOLESTEROL metabolism. It is caused by a deficiency of 7-dehydro...

SMN Complex Proteins - A complex of proteins that assemble the SNRNP CORE PROTEINS into a core structure that surrounds a h...

Smog - A mixture of smoke and fog polluting the atmosphere. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Smoke Inhalation Injury - Pulmonary injury following the breathing in of toxic smoke from burning materials such as plastics, ...

Smoking - Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco or something similar to tobacco....

Smoking Cessation - Discontinuation of the habit of smoking, the inhaling and exhaling of tobacco smoke....

Smooth Muscle Myosins - Myosin type II isoforms found in smooth muscle....

Smooth Muscle Tumor - A tumor composed of smooth muscle tissue, as opposed to leiomyoma, a tumor derived from smooth muscl...

Snails - Marine, freshwater, or terrestrial mollusks of the class Gastropoda. Most have an enclosing spiral s...

Snake Bites - Bites by snakes. Bite by a venomous snake is characterized by stinging pain at the wound puncture. T...

Snake Venoms - Solutions or mixtures of toxic and nontoxic substances elaborated by snake (Ophidia) salivary glands...

Snakes - Limbless REPTILES of the suborder Serpentes....

SNARE Proteins - A superfamily of small proteins which are involved in the MEMBRANE FUSION events, intracellular prot...

Sneddon Syndrome - A systemic non-inflammatory arteriopathy primarily of middle-aged females characterized by the assoc...

Sneezing - The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to t...

S-Nitrosoglutathione - A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS....

S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine - A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS....

S-Nitrosothiols - A group of organic sulfur-containing nitrites, alkyl thionitrites. S-Nitrosothiols include compounds...

Snoring - Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate....

Snow - Frozen water crystals that fall from the ATMOSPHERE....

Snow Sports - Sports activities in the snow....

snRNP Core Proteins - The protein components that constitute the common core of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles....

Soaps - Sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. These detergent substances are obtained by boil...

Soccer - A game in which a round inflated ball is advanced by kicking or propelling with any part of the body...

Social Adjustment - Adaptation of the person to the social environment. Adjustment may take place by adapting the self t...

Social Alienation - The state of estrangement individuals feel in cultural settings that they view as foreign, unpredict...

Social Behavior - Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species....

Social Behavior Disorders - Behaviors which are at variance with the expected social norm and which affect other individuals....

Social Change - Social process whereby the values, attitudes, or institutions of society, such as education, family,...

Social Class - A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class...

Social Conditions - The state of society as it exists or in flux. While it usually refers to society as a whole in a spe...

Social Conformity - Behavioral or attitudinal compliance with recognized social patterns or standards....

Social Control Policies - Decisions for determining and guiding present and future objectives from among alternatives....

Social Control, Formal - Control which is exerted by the more stable organizations of society, such as established institutio...

Social Control, Informal - Those forms of control which are exerted in less concrete and tangible ways, as through folkways, mo...

Social Desirability - A personality trait rendering the individual acceptable in social or interpersonal relations. It is ...

Social Distance - The degree of closeness or acceptance an individual or group feels toward another individual or grou...

Social Dominance - Social structure of a group as it relates to the relative social rank of dominance status of its mem...

Social Environment - The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the...

Social Facilitation - Any enhancement of a motivated behavior in which individuals do the same thing with some degree of m...

Social Identification - The process by which an aspect of self image is developed based on in-group preference or ethnocentr...

Social Isolation - The separation of individuals or groups resulting in the lack of or minimizing of social contact and...

Social Justice - An interactive process whereby members of a community are concerned for the equality and rights of a...

Social Marketing - Use of marketing principles also used to sell products to consumers to promote ideas, attitudes and ...

Social Medicine - A branch of medicine concerned with the role of socio-environmental factors in the occurrence, preve...

Social Mobility - The movement or shifting of membership between or within social classes by individuals or by groups....

Social Perception - The perceiving of attributes, characteristics, and behaviors of one's associates or social groups....

Social Planning - Interactional process combining investigation, discussion, and agreement by a number of people in th...

Social Problems - Situations affecting a significant number of people, that are believed to be sources of difficulty o...

Social Responsibility - The obligations and accountability assumed in carrying out actions or ideas on behalf of others....

Social Sciences - Disciplines concerned with the interrelationships of individuals in a social environment including s...

Social Security - Government sponsored social insurance programs....

Social Support - Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional ...

Social Values - Abstract standards or empirical variables in social life which are believed to be important and/or d...

Social Welfare - Organized institutions which provide services to ameliorate conditions of need or social pathology i...

Social Work - The use of community resources, individual case work, or group work to promote the adaptive capaciti...

Social Work Department, Hospital - Hospital department responsible for administering and providing social services to patients and thei...

Social Work, Psychiatric - Use of all social work processes in the treatment of patients in a psychiatric or mental health sett...

Socialism - A system of government in which means of production and distribution of goods are controlled by the ...

Socialization - The training or molding of an individual through various relationships, educational agencies, and so...

Societies - Organizations composed of members with common interests and whose professions may be similar....

Societies, Dental - Societies whose membership is limited to dentists....

Societies, Hospital - Societies having institutional membership limited to hospitals and other health care institutions....

Societies, Medical - Societies whose membership is limited to physicians....

Societies, Nursing - Societies whose membership is limited to nurses....

Societies, Pharmaceutical - Societies whose membership is limited to pharmacists....

Societies, Scientific - Societies whose membership is limited to scientists....

Sociobiology - The comparative study of social organization in animals including humans, especially with regard to ...

Socioeconomic Factors - Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure....

Socioenvironmental Therapy - Therapy whose primary emphasis is on the physical and social structuring of the environment to promo...

Sociology - A social science dealing with group relationships, patterns of collective behavior, and social organ...

Sociology, Medical - The study of the social determinants and social effects of health and disease, and of the social str...

Sociometric Techniques - Methods for quantitatively assessing and measuring interpersonal and group relationships....

Sodium - An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic numbe...

Sodium Acetate - The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for...

Sodium Azide - A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. ...

Sodium Benzoate - The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparat...

Sodium Bicarbonate - A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenishe...

Sodium Channel Blockers - A class of drugs that act by inhibition of sodium influx through cell membranes. Blockade of sodium ...

Sodium Channels - Cell membrane glycoproteins selective for sodium ions. Fast sodium current is associated with the ac...

Sodium Chloride - A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food. It plays an important biological role...

Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors - Agents that inhibit SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS. They act as DIURETICS. Excess use is associated with...

Sodium Chloride Symporters - A subclass of symporters found in KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL that are the major pathway for salt resorpt...

Sodium Chloride, Dietary - Sodium chloride used in foods....

Sodium Cholate - A trihydroxy bile salt that is used as a digestive aid in dietary supplements. It is used in culture...

Sodium Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain sodium as an integral part of the molecule....

Sodium Cyanide - A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test r...

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface...

Sodium Fluoride - A source of inorganic fluoride which is used topically to prevent dental caries....

Sodium Glutamate - One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor. Medically it has been used to reduce ...

Sodium Hydroxide - A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index...

Sodium Hypochlorite - It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical...

Sodium Iodide - A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant ...

Sodium Isotopes - Stable sodium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sodium, but differ in atomic wei...

Sodium Lactate - The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as ...

Sodium Morrhuate - The sodium salts of the fatty acids in cod liver oil; an irritant and sclerosing agent used to treat...

Sodium Nitrite - Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preservin...

Sodium Oxybate - The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. Anesthetic used for both induction and maintenance. It may...

Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m - A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, part...

Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors - Agents that inhibit SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS which are concentrated in the thick ascendi...

Sodium Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of sodium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Na atoms with atomic weig...

Sodium Salicylate - A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that is less effective than equal doses of ASPIRIN in reliev...

Sodium Selenite - Selenious acid, disodium salt. It is used therapeutically to supply the trace element selenium....

Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate - An anionic surface-active agent used for its wetting properties in industry and used in medicine as ...

Sodium, Dietary - Sodium or sodium compounds used in foods or as a food. The most frequently used compounds are sodium...

Sodium-Bicarbonate Symporters - Proteins that cotransport sodium ions and bicarbonate ions across cellular membranes....

Sodium-Calcium Exchanger - An electrogenic ion exchange protein that maintains a steady level of calcium by removing an amount ...

Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins - Monosaccharide transport proteins that function as active symporters. They utilize SODIUM or HYDROGE...

Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 - The founding member of the sodium glucose transport proteins. It is predominately expressed in the I...

Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 - A sodium-glucose transporter that is expressed in the luminal membrane of the PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE...

Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter - A plasma membrane exchange glycoprotein transporter that functions in intracellular pH regulation, c...

Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins - A family of symporters that facilitate sodium-dependent membrane transport of phosphate....

Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type I - A family of sodium-phosphate cotransporter proteins that also transport organic ANIONS. They are low...

Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type II - A family of sodium-phosphate cotransporter proteins with eight transmembrane domains. They are prese...

Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIa - An electrogenic sodium-dependent phosphate transporter. It is present primarily in BRUSH BORDER memb...

Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb - A sodium-dependent phosphate transporter present primarily at apical sites of EPITHELIAL CELLS in th...

Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIc - A non-electrogenic sodium-dependent phosphate transporter. It is found primarily in apical membranes...

Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type III - A family of highly conserved and widely expressed sodium-phosphate cotransporter proteins. They are ...

Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters - A subclass of symporters that specifically transport SODIUM CHLORIDE and POTASSIUM CHLORIDE across c...

Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase - An enzyme that catalyzes the active transport system of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wa...

Soft Tissue Infections - Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue...

Soft Tissue Injuries - Injuries of tissue other than bone. The concept is usually general and does not customarily refer to...

Soft Tissue Neoplasms - Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framewor...

Software - Sequential operating instructions for a particular problem or function to be run on a digital comput...

Software Design - Specifications and instructions applied to the software....

Software Validation - The act of testing the software for compliance with a standard....

Soil - The loose surface material of the earth in which plants grow. (Webster, 3d ed)...

Soil Microbiology - The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic ...

Soil Pollutants - Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no speci...

Soil Pollutants, Radioactive - Pollutants, present in soil, which exhibit radioactivity....

Solanaceae - A plant family of the order Solanales, subclass Asteridae. Among the most important are POTATOES; TO...

Solanaceous Alkaloids - Alkaloids, mainly tropanes, elaborated by plants of the family Solanaceae, including Atropa, Hyoscya...

Solanine - A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants....

Solanum - A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain SOLANACEOUS ALKALOIDS. Some species in this ...

Solanum glaucophyllum - A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE that causes CALCINOSIS in grazing livestock ...

Solanum melongena - A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The fruit is a large, egg-shaped berry, var...

Solanum nigrum - A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE that contains steroidal glycosides....

Solanum tuberosum - A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANIN...

Solar Activity - Any type of variation in the appearance of energy output of the sun. (NASA Thesaurus, 1994)...

Solar Energy - Energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation....

Solar System - The group of celestial bodies, including the EARTH, orbiting around and gravitationally bound by the...

Solid Phase Extraction - An extraction method that separates analytes using a solid phase and a liquid phase. It is used for ...

Solid Phase Microextraction - A solventless sample preparation method, invented in 1989, that uses a fused silica fiber which is c...

Solidago - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE known for allergenic pollen (ALLERGENS)....

Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Pleural - A rare neoplasm, usually benign, derived from mesenchymal fibroblasts located in the submesothelial ...

Solitary Fibrous Tumors - Rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, usually benign, and most commonly involving the PLEURA (see SO...

Solitary Nucleus - Gray matter located in the dorsomedial part of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA associated with the solitary tr...

Solitary Pulmonary Nodule - A single lung lesion that is characterized by a small round mass of tissue, usually less than 1 cm i...

Solubility - The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From Mc...

Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Proteins - SNARE binding proteins that facilitate the ATP hydrolysis-driven dissociation of the SNARE complex. ...

Solutions - The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with...

Solvents - Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical c...

Somalia - Somalia is located on the east coast of Africa on and north of the Equator and, with Ethiopia, Eritr...

Soman - An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a...

Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin - A programmed mutation process whereby changes are introduced to the nucleotide sequence of immunoglo...

Somatoform Disorders - Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that...

Somatomedins - Insulin-like polypeptides made by the liver and some fibroblasts and released into the blood when st...

Somatosensory Cortex - Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving general sensations. It lies posterior to the cent...

Somatosensory Disorders - Disorders of sensory information received from superficial and deep regions of the body. The somatos...

Somatostatin - A 14-amino acid peptide named for its ability to inhibit pituitary GROWTH HORMONE release, also call...

Somatostatin-28 - A 28-amino acid peptide with the same biological activities of somatostatin-14 but with a 14-amino a...

Somatostatinoma - A SOMATOSTATIN-secreting tumor derived from the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS...

Somatostatin-Secreting Cells - Endocrine cells found throughout the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and in islets of the PANCREAS. D cells s...

Somatotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that produce GROWTH HORMONE....

Somatotypes - Particular categories of body build, determined on the basis of certain physical characteristics. Th...

Somites - Paired, segmented masses of MESENCHYME located on either side of the developing spinal cord (neural ...

Somnambulism - A parasomnia characterized by a partial arousal that occurs during stage IV of non-REM sleep. Affect...

Son of Sevenless Protein, Drosophila - A guanine nucleotide exchange factor from DROSOPHILA. Sevenless refers to genetic mutations in DROSO...

Son of Sevenless Proteins - A class of RAS GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS that are genetically related to the Son of Sevenl...

Sonchus - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Sesquiterpene lactone glucosides (SESQUITERPENES) have been...

Songbirds - PASSERIFORMES of the suborder, Oscines, in which the flexor tendons of the toes are separate, and th...

Sonication - The application of high intensity ultrasound to liquids....

Soot - A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDRO...

Sophora - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE....

Sorbic Acid - Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses....

Sorbitol - A polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also...

Sorbus - A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE....

Sordariales - An order of fungi in the phylum ASCOMYCOTA that includes many valuable experimental organisms. There...

Sorghum - A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The grain is used for FOOD and for ANIMAL FEED. This should not...

Sorption Detoxification - Elimination of toxic or biologically active substances from body fluids by interaction with a sorben...

SOS Response (Genetics) - An error-prone mechanism or set of functions for repairing damaged microbial DNA. SOS functions (a c...

SOS1 Protein - A mammalian homolog of the DROSOPHILA SON OF SEVENLESS PROTEIN. It is a guanine nucleotide exchange ...

Sotalol - An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias....

Sound - An alteration of pressure that propagates through an elastic medium....

Sound Localization - Ability to determine the specific location of a sound source....

Sound Spectrography - The graphic registration of the frequency and intensity of sounds, such as speech, infant crying, an...

South Africa - A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (adm...

South Australia - A state in south central Australia. Its capital is Adelaide. It was probably first visited by F. Thy...

Southeastern United States - The geographic area of the southeastern region of the United States in general or when the specific ...

Southwestern United States - The geographic area of the southwestern region of the United States. The states usually included in ...

SOX Transcription Factors - A large family of structurally-related transcription factors that were originally discovered based u...

SOX9 Transcription Factor - A SOXE transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating CHONDROGENESIS; OSTEOGENESIS; a...

SOXB1 Transcription Factors - A subclass of SOX transcription factors that are expressed in neuronal tissue where they may play a ...

SOXB2 Transcription Factors - A subclass of SOX transcription factors that are expressed in neuronal tissue where they may play a ...

SOXC Transcription Factors - A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. Members of the group have been found expres...

SOXD Transcription Factors - A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. In addition to a conserved HMG-BOX DOMAIN, ...

SOXE Transcription Factors - A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. Members of this subfamily have been implica...

SOXF Transcription Factors - A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. Members of this subclass are expressed in V...

Soy Foods - Foods made from SOYBEANS. Health benefits are ascribed to the high levels of DIETARY PROTEINS and IS...

Soy Milk - A beverage prepared from SOYBEANS....

Soybean Oil - Oil from soybean or soybean plant....

Soybean Proteins - Proteins which are present in or isolated from SOYBEANS....

Soybeans - An annual legume or the seeds of this plant....

Sp Transcription Factors - A family of DNA-binding proteins that contain three ZINC FINGERS at their carboxy termini. They are ...

Sp1 Transcription Factor - Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstre...

Sp2 Transcription Factor - A ubiquitously expressed Sp transcription factor that binds to the consensus DNA sequence GGGCGGGAC....

Sp3 Transcription Factor - A specificity protein transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of genes including...

Sp4 Transcription Factor - A specificity protein transcription factor that is expressed primarily in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM...

Space Flight - Travel beyond the earth's atmosphere....

Space Motion Sickness - Disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, and dizziness, possibly in response to vestibular disori...

Space Perception - The awareness of the spatial properties of objects; includes physical space....

Space Simulation - An environment simulating one or more parameters of the space environment, applied in testing space ...

Space Suits - Pressure suits for wear in space or at very low ambient pressures within the atmosphere, designed to...

Spacecraft - Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into ...

Space-Time Clustering - A statistically significant excess of cases of a disease, occurring within a limited space-time cont...

Spain - Parliamentary democracy located between France on the northeast and Portugual on the west and border...

Spalax - A genus of blind, subterranean MOLE RATS, in the subfamily Spalacidae, family MURIDAE, used as a ani...

Spanish-American War, 1898 - Conflict between Spain and the United States, arising out of Spanish policies in Cuba....

Sparganosis - Infection of animals, including fish and man, with a developmental stage of Diphyllobothrium. This s...

Sparganum - The larval form of the diphyllobothriid tapeworms of the genus DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM and SPIROMETRA. Fish...

Sparrows - The family Passeridae comprised of small, mainly brown and grey seed-eating birds with conical bills...

Sparsomycin - An antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sparsogenes. It inhibits protein synthesis in 70S a...

Sparteine - A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from several FABACEAE including LUPINUS; SPARTIUM; and CYTISUS. It...

Spartium - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is a source of SPARTEINE. Do not confuse with Broom or Sco...

Spasm - An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SM...

Spasms, Infantile - An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of ...

Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary - A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different g...

Spatial Behavior - Reactions of an individual or groups of individuals with relation to the immediate surrounding area ...

Specialization - An occupation limited in scope to a subsection of a broader field....

Specialties, Dental - Various branches of dental practice limited to specialized areas....

Specialties, Nursing - Various branches of nursing practice limited to specialized areas....

Specialties, Surgical - Various branches of surgical practice limited to specialized areas....

Specialty Boards - Organizations which certify physicians and dentists as specialists in various fields of medical and ...

Specialty Uses of Chemicals - Uses of chemicals in a research, industrial, or household setting. This does not include PHARMACOLOG...

Species Specificity - The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immun...

Specific Gravity - The ratio of the density of a material to the density of some standard material, such as water or ai...

Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms - Animals or humans raised in the absence of a particular disease-causing virus or other microorganism...

Specimen Handling - Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide ...

Spectinomycin - An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and ...

Spectral Karyotyping - The simultaneous identification of all chromosomes from a cell by fluorescence in situ hybridization...

Spectrin - A high molecular weight (220-250 kDa) water-soluble protein which can be extracted from erythrocyte ...

Spectrometry, Fluorescence - Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence....

Spectrometry, Gamma - Determination of the energy distribution of gamma rays emitted by nuclei. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of...

Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macrom...

Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment - A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such a...

Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization - A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecule...

Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion - A mass-spectrometric technique that is used for microscopic chemical analysis. A beam of primary ion...

Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission - The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with h...

Spectrophotometry - The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different p...

Spectrophotometry, Atomic - Spectrophotometric techniques in which the samples are examined in the form of atoms based on their ...

Spectrophotometry, Infrared - Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measu...

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet - Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, fo...

Spectroscopy, Electron Energy-Loss - A technique for analysis of the chemical composition of molecules. A substance is bombarded with mon...

Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared - A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interf...

Spectroscopy, Mossbauer - A spectroscopic technique which uses the Mossbauer effect (inelastic scattering of gamma radiation r...

Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared - A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin...

Spectrum Analysis - The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency ra...

Spectrum Analysis, Raman - Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of t...

Speech - Communication through a system of conventional vocal symbols....

Speech Acoustics - The acoustic aspects of speech in terms of frequency, intensity, and time....

Speech Articulation Tests - Tests of accuracy in pronouncing speech sounds, e.g., Iowa Pressure Articulation Test, Deep Test of ...

Speech Discrimination Tests - Tests of the ability to hear and understand speech as determined by scoring the number of words in a...

Speech Disorders - Acquired or developmental conditions marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or generate spoken ...

Speech Intelligibility - Ability to make speech sounds that are recognizable....

Speech Perception - The process whereby an utterance is decoded into a representation in terms of linguistic units (sequ...

Speech Production Measurement - Measurement of parameters of the speech product such as vocal tone, loudness, pitch, voice quality, ...

Speech Reception Threshold Test - A test to determine the lowest sound intensity level at which fifty percent or more of the spondaic ...

Speech Recognition Software - Software capable of recognizing dictation and transcribing the spoken words into written text....

Speech, Alaryngeal - Methods of enabling a patient without a larynx or with a non-functional larynx to produce voice or s...

Speech, Esophageal - A method of speech used after laryngectomy, with sound produced by vibration of the column of air in...

Speech-Language Pathology - The study of speech or language disorders and their diagnosis and correction....

Speleotherapy - The use of caves, mines, or other subterranean environments in treatment of diseases. Speleotherapy ...

Sperm Agglutination - Agglutination of spermatozoa by antibodies or autoantibodies....

Sperm Banks - Centers for acquiring and storing semen....

Sperm Capacitation - The structural and functional changes by which SPERMATOZOA become capable of oocyte FERTILIZATION. I...

Sperm Count - A count of SPERM in the ejaculum, expressed as number per milliliter....

Sperm Head - The anterior portion of the spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) that contains mainly the nucleus with highly ...

Sperm Immobilizing Agents - Chemical substances with sperm immobilizing activity used as topically administered vaginal contrace...

Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic - An assisted fertilization technique consisting of the microinjection of a single viable sperm into a...

Sperm Maturation - The maturing process of SPERMATOZOA after leaving the testicular SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. Maturation in...

Sperm Midpiece - The middle piece of the spermatozoon is a highly organized segment consisting of MITOCHONDRIA, the o...

Sperm Motility - Movement characteristics of SPERMATOZOA in a fresh specimen. It is measured as the percentage of spe...

Sperm Retrieval - Procedures to obtain viable sperm from the male reproductive tract, including the TESTES, the EPIDID...

Sperm Tail - The posterior filiform portion of the spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) that provides sperm motility....

Sperm Transport - Passive or active movement of SPERMATOZOA from the testicular SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES through the male ...

Sperm Whale - The species Physeter catodon (also called Physeter macrocephalus), in the family Physeteridae. The c...

Spermatic Cord - Either of a pair of tubular structures formed by DUCTUS DEFERENS; ARTERIES; VEINS; LYMPHATIC VESSELS...

Spermatic Cord Torsion - The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and ...

Spermatids - Male germ cells derived from the haploid secondary SPERMATOCYTES. Without further division, spermati...

Spermatocele - A cystic dilation of the EPIDIDYMIS, usually in the head portion (caput epididymis). The cyst fluid ...

Spermatocidal Agents - Chemical substances that are destructive to spermatozoa used as topically administered vaginal contr...

Spermatocytes - Male germ cells derived from SPERMATOGONIA. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo MEIOSIS and gi...

Spermatogenesis - The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGON...

Spermatogenesis-Blocking Agents - Chemical substances which inhibit the process of spermatozoa formation at either the first stage, in...

Spermatogonia - Euploid male germ cells of an early stage of SPERMATOGENESIS, derived from prespermatogonia. With th...

Spermatozoa - Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFER...

Spermidine - A polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic ac...

Spermidine Synthase - An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the propylamine moiety from 5'-deoxy-5'-S-(3-methylthioprop...

Spermine - A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues ...

Spermine Synthase - An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the propylamine moiety from 5'-deoxy-5'-S-(3-methylthioprop...

Sperm-Ovum Interactions - Interactive processes between the oocyte (OVUM) and the sperm (SPERMATOZOA) including sperm adhesion...

Sphaerotilus - A genus of gram-negative, sheathed, rod-shaped bacteria in the family COMAMONADACEAE. They are close...

Sphagnopsida - A class of BRYOPHYTA which is best known for Sphagnum forming PEAT bogs....

S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins - A family of structurally-related proteins that were originally identified by their ability to comple...

Spheniscidae - The sole family in the order Sphenisciformes, comprised of 17 species of penguins in six genera. The...

Sphenoid Bone - An irregular unpaired bone situated at the SKULL BASE and wedged between the frontal, temporal, and ...

Sphenoid Sinus - One of the paired air spaces located in the body of the SPHENOID BONE behind the ETHMOID BONE in the...

Sphenoid Sinusitis - Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the SPHENOID SINUS. Isolated sphenoid sinusitis is uncommon. It ...

Sphenostylis - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains LECTINS and raffinose oligosaccharides....

Spherocytes - Small, abnormal spherical red blood cells with more than the normal amount of hemoglobin....

Spherocytosis, Hereditary - A familial congenital hemolytic anemia characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes whic...

Spheroids, Cellular - Spherical, heterogeneous aggregates of proliferating, quiescent, and necrotic cells in culture that ...

Spheroplasts - Cells, usually bacteria or yeast, which have partially lost their cell wall, lost their characterist...

Sphincter of Oddi - The sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla within the duodenal papilla. The COMMON BILE DUCT and ...

Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction - Organic or functional motility disorder involving the SPHINCTER OF ODDI and associated with biliary ...

Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic - Incision of Oddi's sphincter or Vater's ampulla performed by inserting a sphincterotome through an e...

Sphincterotomy, Transhepatic - Surgery of the smooth muscle sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla to relieve blocked biliary or...

Sphingobacterium - A genus of gram-negative, chemoorganotrophic bacteria in the family Sphingobacteriaceae. They lack F...

Sphingolipid Activator Proteins - A family of glycoprotein cofactors that are required for the efficient catabolization of SPHINGOLIPI...

Sphingolipidoses - A group of inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of SPHINGO...

Sphingolipids - A class of membrane lipids that have a polar head and two nonpolar tails. They are composed of one m...

Sphingomonadaceae - A family of gram-negative, asporogenous rods or ovoid cells, aerobic or facultative anaerobic chemoo...

Sphingomonas - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria characterized by an outer membrane that conta...

Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase - An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide (N-acylsphingosine) plus cholin...

Sphingomyelins - A class of sphingolipids found largely in the brain and other nervous tissue. They contain phosphoch...

Sphingosine - An amino alcohol with a long unsaturated hydrocarbon chain. Sphingosine and its derivative sphingani...

Sphingosine N-Acyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the acyltransferase of SPHINGOSINE to N-acylsphingosine using acyl-COENZYME...

Sphygmomanometers - Instruments for measuring arterial blood pressure consisting of an inflatable cuff, inflating bulb, ...

Spices - The dried seeds, bark, root, stems, buds, leaves, or fruit of aromatic plants used to season food....

Spider Venoms - Venoms of arthropods of the order Araneida of the ARACHNIDA. The venoms usually contain several prot...

Spiders - Arthropods of the class ARACHNIDA, order Araneae. Except for mites and ticks, spiders constitute the...

Spin Labels - Molecules which contain an atom or a group of atoms exhibiting an unpaired electron spin that can be...

Spin Trapping - A technique for detecting short-lived reactive FREE RADICALS in biological systems by providing a ni...

Spina Bifida Cystica - A form of spinal dysraphism associated with a protruding cyst made up of either meninges (i.e., a ME...

Spina Bifida Occulta - A common congenital midline defect of fusion of the vertebral arch without protrusion of the spinal ...

Spinacia oleracea - A widely cultivated plant, native to Asia, having succulent, edible leaves eaten as a vegetable. (Fr...

Spinal Cord Compression - Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due...

Spinal Cord Diseases - Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving...

Spinal Cord Injuries - Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces...

Spinal Cord Ischemia - Reduced blood flow to the spinal cord which is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and the paired...

Spinal Cord Neoplasms - Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary n...

Spinal Cord Vascular Diseases - Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS feeding the SPINAL CORD, such as the anter...

Spinal Curvatures - Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They ...

Spinal Dysraphism - Congenital defects of closure of one or more vertebral arches, which may be associated with malforma...

Spinal Fractures - Broken bones in the vertebral column....

Spinal Fusion - Operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae by fusion of the vertebral bodies wit...

Spinal Injuries - Injuries involving the vertebral column....

Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood - A group of recessively inherited diseases that feature progressive muscular atrophy and hypotonia. T...

Spinal Nerve Roots - The paired bundles of nerve fibers entering and leaving the spinal cord at each segment. The dorsal ...

Spinal Nerves - The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each...

Spinal Osteochondrosis - A bone disorder involving ossification centers (EPIPHYSES) of the VERTEBRAL COLUMN....

Spinal Osteophytosis - Outgrowth of immature bony processes or bone spurs (OSTEOPHYTE) from the VERTEBRAE, reflecting the p...

Spinal Puncture - Tapping of the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region, usually between the third and fourth lumbar ...

Spinal Stenosis - Narrowing of the spinal canal....

Spine - The spinal or vertebral column....

Spinocerebellar Ataxias - A group of dominantly inherited, predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divide...

Spinocerebellar Degenerations - A heterogenous group of degenerative syndromes marked by progressive cerebellar dysfunction either i...

Spinocerebellar Tracts - Fibers that arise from cell groups within the spinal cord and pass directly to the cerebellum. They ...

Spiperone - A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recomme...

Spiraea - A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE. Members contain prunioside, spiramine and other diterpene alka...

Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography - Modality of computed tomography in which the patient is irradiated in a spiral path around the body ...

Spiral Ganglion - The sensory ganglion of the COCHLEAR NERVE. The cells of the spiral ganglion send fibers peripherall...

Spiral Lamina - The bony plate which extends outwards from the modiolus into the spiral canal of the cochlea, formin...

Spiral Ligament of Cochlea - A spiral thickening of the fibrous lining of the cochlear wall. Spiral ligament secures the membrano...

Spiramycin - A macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ambofaciens. The drug is effective against gram-posi...

Spirillaceae - A family of gram-negative bacteria in the order Nitrosomonadales. It formerly included the genera CA...

Spirillum - A genus of gram-negative, curved and spiral-shaped bacteria found in stagnant, freshwater environmen...

Spiritual Therapies - Mystical, religious, or spiritual practices performed for health benefit....

Spiritualism - Religious philosophy expressing the fundamental belief that departed spirits may be contacted by the...

Spirituality - Sensitivity or attachment to religious values, or to things of the spirit as opposed to material or...

Spiro Compounds - A group of compounds consisting in part of two rings sharing one carbon atom in common....

Spirochaeta - A genus of flexible, spiral rods found in hydrogen sulfide-containing mud, sewage, and polluted wate...

Spirochaetaceae - A family of spiral bacteria of the order SPIROCHAETALES....

Spirochaetales - An order of slender, flexuous, helically coiled bacteria, with one or more complete turns in the hel...

Spirochaetales Infections - Infections with bacteria of the order SPIROCHAETALES....

Spirometra - A genus of tapeworms of the family Diphyllobothriidae, which are parasites of fish-eating cats, dogs...

Spirometry - Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung....

Spironolactone - A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It ...

Spiroplasma - A genus of gram-negative, helical bacteria, in the family SPIROPLASMATACEAE, order Entomoplasmatales...

Spiroplasma citri - The type species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus SPIROPLASMA, family SPIROPLASMATACEAE, causi...

Spiroplasmataceae - A family of gram-negative, helical bacteria in the order Entomoplasmatales, that require STEROLS for...

Spirostans - Cholestane derivatives containing a fused lactone ring at the 16,17-position and a spiroglycosidic l...

Spirulina - A genus of filamentous CYANOBACTERIA found in most lakes and ponds. It has been used as a nutritiona...

Spirurida - An order of nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA. Characteristics include ventral or caudoventral p...

Spirurida Infections - Infections with nematodes of the order SPIRURIDA....

Spirurina - A suborder of nematodes characterized by larvae possessing cephalic hooks and multinucleated esophag...

Spiruroidea - A superfamily of parasitic nematodes which requires one or two intermediate arthropod hosts before f...

Spisula - A genus of surf clams in the family Mactridae, class BIVALVIA. They are often used in EMBRYOLOGY res...

Splanchnic Circulation - The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS supplying the abdominal VISCERA....

Splanchnic Nerves - The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The greater, lesser, and lowest (...

Spleen Focus-Forming Viruses - Strains of MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS that are replication-defective and rapidly transforming. The envelo...

Splenic Artery - The largest branch of the celiac trunk with distribution to the spleen, pancreas, stomach and greate...

Splenic Infarction - Insufficiency of arterial or venous blood supply to the spleen due to emboli, thrombi, vascular tors...

Splenic Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the SPLEEN....

Splenic Vein - Vein formed by the union (at the hilus of the spleen) of several small veins from the stomach, pancr...

Splenomegaly - Enlargement of the spleen....

Splenorenal Shunt, Surgical - Anastomosis of splenic vein to renal vein to relieve portal hypertension....

Splenosis - The spontaneous transplantation of splenic tissue to unusual sites after open splenic trauma, e.g., ...

Spliceosomes - Organelles in which the splicing and excision reactions that remove introns from precursor messenger...

Splints - Rigid or flexible appliances used to maintain in position a displaced or movable part or to keep in ...

Split-Brain Procedure - Complete severing of the CORPUS CALLOSUM. In humans it is usually performed to treat medically intra...

Spodoptera - A genus of owlet moths of the family Noctuidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies ...

Spondylarthritis - Inflammation of the joints of the SPINE, the intervertebral articulations....

Spondylarthropathies - Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associa...

Spondylitis - Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions....

Spondylitis, Ankylosing - A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other ...

Spondylolisthesis - Forward displacement of a superior vertebral body over the vertebral body below....

Spondylolysis - Deficient development or degeneration of a portion of the VERTEBRA, usually in the pars interarticul...

Spondylosis - A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the VERTEBRA, the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, an...

Spontaneous Combustion - A circumstance where a substance or organism takes fire and burns without an exogenous source. Spont...

Sporadotrichina - A suborder of ciliate protozoa having a body that is commonly oval to elliptical in shape. Most spec...

Spores - The reproductive elements of lower organisms, such as BACTERIA; FUNGI; and cryptogamic plants....

Spores, Bacterial - Heat and stain resistant, metabolically inactive bodies formed within the vegetative cells of bacter...

Spores, Fungal - Reproductive bodies produced by fungi....

Spores, Protozoan - A vegetative stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. It is characteristic of members of the ...

Sporidesmins - A group of related mycotoxins produced by the pasture fungus Pithomyces chartarum (formerly Sporides...

Sporothrix - A mitosporic Ophiostomataceae fungal genus, whose species Sporothrix schenckii is a well-known anima...

Sporotrichosis - The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneo...

Sporozoites - The product of meiotic division of zygotes in parasitic protozoa comprising haploid cells. These in...

Sports - Activities or games, usually involving physical effort or skill. Reasons for engagement in sports in...

Sports Equipment - Equipment required for engaging in a sport (such as balls, bats, rackets, skis, skates, ropes, weigh...

Sports Medicine - The field of medicine concerned with physical fitness and the diagnosis and treatment of injuries su...

Spouse Abuse - Deliberate severe and repeated injury to one domestic partner by the other....

Spouses - Married persons, i.e., husbands and wives, or partners. Domestic partners, or spousal equivalents, a...

Sprains and Strains - A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a jo...

Sprue, Tropical - A chronic malabsorption syndrome, occurring mainly in residents of or visitors to the tropics or sub...

Spumavirus - Genus of non-oncogenic retroviruses which establish persistent infections in many animal species but...

Sputum - Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated via the mouth. It contains MUCUS, cellular debri...

Squalene Monooxygenase - The second enzyme in the committed pathway for CHOLESTEROL biosynthesis, this enzyme catalyzes the f...

Squalus - A genus of SHARKS in the family SQUALIDAE, comprised of many different species. They travel in large...

Squalus acanthias - A species of shark in the family SQUALIDAE, used for its oil (SQUALENE) and as fish meal. It also fi...

src Homology Domains - Regions of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE similarity in the SRC-FAMILY TYROSINE KINASES that fold into specific...

src-Family Kinases - A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma viru...

SRS-A - A group of LEUKOTRIENES; (LTC4; LTD4; and LTE4) that is the major mediator of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; H...

SSPE Virus - A defective variant of MEASLES VIRUS that has been isolated from the brain tissue of patients with s...

Stachybotrys - A mitosporic fungal genus including one species which forms a toxin in moldy hay that may cause a se...

Stachys - A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that has a characteristic odor....

Staff Development - The process by which the employer promotes staff performance and efficiency consistent with manageme...

Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens - Cell-surface molecules that exhibit lineage-restricted patterns of expression during EMBRYONIC DEVEL...

Staining and Labeling - The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and qu...

Stainless Steel - Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in ...

Stalking - Course of conduct directed at a specific person that involves repeated (two or more occasions) visua...

Stanford-Binet Test - An individual intelligence test designed primarily for school children to predict school performance...

Stanozolol - A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmac...

Stapedius - A tiny muscle that arises from the posterior wall of the TYMPANIC CAVITY of MIDDLE EAR with its tend...

Stapes - One of the three ossicles of the middle ear. It transmits sound vibrations from the INCUS to the int...

Stapes Mobilization - An operation to remobilize the footplate of the stapes to relieve conductive hearing impairment caus...

Staphylococcaceae - Family of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria, in the order Bacillales. Genera include G...

Staphylococcal Food Poisoning - Poisoning by staphylococcal toxins present in contaminated food....

Staphylococcal Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS....

Staphylococcal Protein A - A protein present in the cell wall of most Staphylococcus aureus strains. The protein selectively bi...

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome - A disease of infants due to group 2 phage type 17 staphylococci that produce an epidermolytic exotox...

Staphylococcal Skin Infections - Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS....

Staphylococcus - A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in ...

Staphylococcus aureus - Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm...

Staphylococcus epidermidis - A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS that is a spherical, non-motile, gram-positive, chemoorganotrophic, facu...

Staphylococcus haemolyticus - A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS found on the skin of humans (and non-human primates), often causing hosp...

Staphylococcus hominis - A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS similar to STAPHYLOCOCCUS HAEMOLYTICUS, but containing different esteras...

Staphylococcus Phages - Viruses whose host is Staphylococcus....

Starch - Any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain poly...

Starch Phosphorylase - An enzyme of the PHOSPHORYLASES family that catalyzes the degradation of starch, a mixture of unbran...

Starch Synthase - An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of glucose from ADPglucose to glucose-containing polysaccharid...

Starfish - Echinoderms having bodies of usually five radially disposed arms coalescing at the center....

Starlings - The family Sturnidae, in the order PASSERIFORMES. The starling family also includes mynahs and oxpec...

Stars, Celestial - Large bodies consisting of self-luminous gas held together by their own gravity. (From McGraw Hill ...

Startle Reaction - A complex involuntary response to an unexpected strong stimulus usually auditory in nature....

Starvation - Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)...

STAT Transcription Factors - A family of transcription factors containing SH2 DOMAINS that are involved in CYTOKINE-mediated SIGN...

STAT1 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERFERONS. ...

STAT2 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to TYPE I INTERF...

STAT3 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-6...

STAT4 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-1...

STAT5 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to a variety of ...

STAT6 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-4...

State Dentistry - Control, direction and financing of the total dental care of the population by a national government...

State Government - The level of governmental organization and function below that of the national or country-wide gover...

State Health Planning and Development Agencies - Agencies established under PL93-641 to coordinate, conduct, and implement state health planning acti...

State Health Plans - State plans prepared by the State Health Planning and Development Agencies which are made up from pl...

State Medicine - A system of medical care regulated, controlled and financed by the government, in which the governme...

Stathmin - A ubiquitous phosphoprotein that serves as an intracellular substrate for a variety of SIGNAL TRANSD...

Static Electricity - The accumulation of an electric charge on a object...

Statistical Distributions - The complete summaries of the frequencies of the values or categories of a measurement made on a gro...

Statistics - Works consisting of presentations of numerical data on particular subjects....

Statistics as Topic - The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variat...

Statistics, Nonparametric - A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test f...

Status Asthmaticus - A sudden intense and continuous aggravation of a state of asthma, marked by dyspnea to the point of ...

Status Epilepticus - A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occu...

Staurosporine - An indolocarbazole that is a potent PROTEIN KINASE C inhibitor which enhances cAMP-mediated response...

Stavudine - A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV...

Steam - Water in its gaseous state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)...

Steam Bath - Therapy of sitting in a hot steamy room followed by a cool bath or shower....

Stearates - Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid....

Stearic Acids - A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fat...

Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of oleoyl-CoA, A, and water from stearoyl-CoA, AH2, and oxyge...

Steatitis - A disease of cats and mink characterized by a marked inflammation of adipose tissue and the depositi...

Steatorrhea - A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or I...

Steel - A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and ofte...

Stellaria - A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE....

Stellate Ganglion - A paravertebral sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical and first thoraci...

Stem Cell Factor - A hematopoietic growth factor and the ligand of the cell surface c-kit protein (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTE...

Stem Cell Niche - A particular zone of tissue composed of a specialized microenvironment where stem cells are retained...

Stem Cell Transplantation - The transfer of STEM CELLS from one individual to another within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, ...

Stem Cells - Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postn...

Stemonaceae - A small plant family of the order Liliales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons)....

Stenella - A genus comprised of spinner, spotted, and striped DOLPHINS, in the family Delphinidae. Schools of S...

Stenotrophomonas - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacteria formerly classified as part of the ge...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia - A species of STENOTROPHOMONAS, formerly called Xanthomonas maltophilia, which reduces nitrate. It is...

Stents - Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities ...

Stephania - A plant genus of the family MENISPERMACEAE. Members contain cycleanine....

Stephania tetrandra - A plant species of the genus STEPHANIA, family MENISPERMACEAE, that contains tetrandrine and bisbenz...

Sterculia - A plant genus of the family STERCULIACEAE. S. urens is the source of KARAYA GUM which is sometimes c...

Sterculiaceae - A plant family of the order Malvales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. The leaves of Sterc...

Stereognosis - Perception of shape and form of objects by TOUCH, via tactile stimuli....

Stereoisomerism - The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same...

Stereotaxic Techniques - Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to l...

Stereotyped Behavior - Relatively invariant mode of behavior elicited or determined by a particular situation; may be verba...

Stereotypic Movement Disorder - Motor behavior that is repetitive, often seemingly driven, and nonfunctional. This behavior markedly...

Stereotyping - An oversimplified perception or conception especially of persons, social groups, etc....

Sterigmatocystin - A carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds, Aspergillus versico...

Sterilization - The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means....

Sterilization Reversal - Procedures to reverse the effect of REPRODUCTIVE STERILIZATION and to regain fertility. Reversal pro...

Sterilization, Involuntary - Reproductive sterilization without the consent of the patient....

Sterilization, Reproductive - Procedures to block or remove all or part of the genital tract for the purpose of rendering individu...

Sterilization, Tubal - Procedures that render the female sterile by interrupting the flow in the FALLOPIAN TUBE. These proc...

Sternotomy - Making an incision in the STERNUM....

Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase - A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 11-beta-hydroxylation of steroids in the p...

Steroid 12-alpha-Hydroxylase - A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 12-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spect...

Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase - A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 16-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spect...

Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase - A microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 17-alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone or pre...

Steroid 21-Hydroxylase - An adrenal microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids in the ...

Steroid Hydroxylases - Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES) that are important in steroid biosynthes...

Steroid Isomerases - Enzymes that catalyze the transposition of double bond(s) in a steroid molecule. EC 5.3.3....

Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors - Errors in metabolic processing of STEROIDS resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherite...

Steroidogenic Factor 1 - A transcription factor and member of the nuclear receptor family NR5 that is expressed throughout th...

Steroids - A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol,...

Steroids, Brominated - Steroids which are substituted with one or more bromine atoms in any position....

Steroids, Chlorinated - Steroids which are substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position....

Steroids, Fluorinated - Steroids which are substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in any position....

Steroids, Heterocyclic - Steroidal compounds in which one or more carbon atoms in the steroid ring system have been substitut...

Sterol Esterase - An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and some other sterol esters, to liber...

Sterol O-Acyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty aci...

Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 - A sterol regulatory element binding protein that regulates expression of GENES involved in FATTY ACI...

Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 - A sterol regulatory element binding protein that regulates GENES involved in CHOLESTEROL synthesis a...

Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins - Sterol regulatory element binding proteins are basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription f...

Sterols - Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atom...

Steryl-Sulfatase - An arylsulfatase with high specificity towards sulfated steroids. Defects in this enzyme are the cau...

Stethoscopes - Instruments intended to detect and study sound produced by the heart, lungs, or other parts of the b...

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome - A variant of bullous erythema multiforme. It ranges from mild skin and mucous membrane lesions to a ...

Stevia - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain stevioside and other sweet diterpene glycosi...

Stichopus - A genus of very large, epibenthic SEA CUCUMBERS in the family Stichopodidae, commercially harvested ...

Stiff-Person Syndrome - A condition characterized by persistent spasms (SPASM) involving multiple muscles, primarily in the ...

Stifle - In horses, cattle, and other quadrupeds, the joint between the femur and the tibia, corresponding to...

Stigmatella - A genus of the MYXOCOCCALES having vegetative cells which are straight rods with tapered ends and my...

Stigmatella aurantiaca - A species of STIGMATELLA usually isolated from rotting wood. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative ...

Stilbamidines - STILBENES with AMIDINES attached....

Stilbenes - Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group....

Stillbirth - The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn....

Still's Disease, Adult-Onset - Systemic-onset rheumatoid arthritis in adults. It differs from classical rheumatoid arthritis in tha...

Stimulants, Historical - Agents or remedies that historically have produced stimulation or excited functional activity....

Stimulation, Chemical - The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, an...

Stochastic Processes - Processes that incorporate some element of randomness, used particularly to refer to a time series o...

Stockings, Compression - Tight coverings for the foot and leg that are worn to aid circulation in the legs and prevent the fo...

Stomach - An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of ...

Stomach Diseases - Pathological processes involving the STOMACH....

Stomach Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH....

Stomach Rupture - Bursting of the STOMACH....

Stomach Ulcer - Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELI...

Stomach Volvulus - Twisting of the STOMACH that may result in gastric ISCHEMIA and GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION. It is of...

Stomatitis - INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP....

Stomatitis, Aphthous - A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcer...

Stomatitis, Denture - Inflammation of the mouth due to denture irritation....

Stomatitis, Herpetic - Stomatitis caused by Herpesvirus hominis. It usually occurs as acute herpetic stomatitis (or gingivo...

Stomatognathic Diseases - General or unspecified diseases of the stomatognathic system, comprising the mouth, teeth, jaws, and...

Stomatognathic System - The mouth, teeth, jaws, pharynx, and related structures as they relate to mastication, deglutition, ...

Stomatognathic System Abnormalities - Congenital structural abnormalities of the mouth and jaws, including the dentition....

Strabismus - Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignmen...

Street Drugs - Drugs obtained and often manufactured illegally for the subjective effects they are said to produce....

Strelitziaceae - A plant family of the order ZINGIBERALES, subclass Zingiberidae, class Liliopsida. Some species in t...

Strepsirhini - A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of the following five families: CHEIROGALEIDAE; Daubentoniidae; In...

Streptavidin - A 60-kDa extracellular protein of Streptomyces avidinii with four high-affinity biotin binding sites...

Streptobacillus - A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that require SERUM; ASCITIC F...

Streptococcaceae - A family of gram-positive non-sporing bacteria including many parasitic, pathogenic, and saprophytic...

Streptococcal Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS....

Streptococcal Vaccines - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS....

Streptococcus - A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores a...

Streptococcus agalactiae - A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man....

Streptococcus anginosus - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the STREPTOCOCCUS MILLERI GROUP. It is the most frequently se...

Streptococcus bovis - A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly found in the alimentary tract of cows, sheep, ...

Streptococcus constellatus - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the STREPTOCOCCUS MILLERI GROUP. It is commonly found in the ...

Streptococcus equi - A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from abscesses in submaxillary glands and muco...

Streptococcus gordonii - A species of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the family STREPTOCOCCACEAE. It is a...

Streptococcus intermedius - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the STREPTOCOCCUS MILLERI GROUP. It is commonly found in the ...

Streptococcus milleri Group - A subset of VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI, but the species in this group differ in their hemolytic pattern a...

Streptococcus mitis - A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commensal in the respiratory tract....

Streptococcus mutans - A polysaccharide-producing species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from human dental plaque....

Streptococcus oralis - A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria that is numerous in the mouth and throat. It is a commo...

Streptococcus Phages - Viruses whose host is Streptococcus....

Streptococcus pneumoniae - A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various bo...

Streptococcus pyogenes - A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from skin lesions, blood, inflammatory exudate...

Streptococcus sanguis - A gram-positive organism found in dental plaque, in blood, on heart valves in subacute endocarditis,...

Streptococcus sobrinus - A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from the human tooth surface. Strains have bee...

Streptococcus suis - A species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from pigs. It is a pathogen of swine but rarely occurs in humans...

Streptococcus thermophilus - A species of thermophilic, gram-positive bacteria found in MILK and milk products....

Streptodornase and Streptokinase - A mixture of the enzymes (streptokinase and streptodornase) produced by hemolytic streptococci. It i...

Streptogramin A - A specific streptogramin group A antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacter...

Streptogramin B - A specific streptogramin group B antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacter...

Streptogramin Group A - A structural subclass of streptogramins that includes molecules containing unsaturated macrocyclic l...

Streptogramin Group B - A structural subclass of streptogramins. They are cyclic hexadepsipeptides with approximate molecula...

Streptogramins - A class of natural cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by certain subspecies of STREPTOMYCES. They i...

Streptokinase - Streptococcal fibrinolysin . An enzyme produced by hemolytic streptococci. It hydrolyzes amide linka...

Streptolysins - Exotoxins produced by certain strains of streptococci, particularly those of group A (STREPTOCOCCUS ...

Streptomyces - A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified wit...

Streptomyces antibioticus - An actinomycete from which the antibiotic OLEANDOMYCIN is obtained....

Streptomyces aureofaciens - An actinomycete from which the antibiotic CHLORTETRACYCLINE is obtained....

Streptomyces coelicolor - A soil-dwelling actinomycete with a complex lifecycle involving mycelial growth and spore formation....

Streptomyces griseus - An actinomycete from which the antibiotics STREPTOMYCIN, grisein, and CANDICIDIN are obtained....

Streptomyces lividans - An actinomycete used for production of commercial ANTIBIOTICS and as a host for gene cloning....

Streptomycetaceae - A family of soil bacteria. It also includes some parasitic forms....

Streptomycin - An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the init...

Streptonigrin - Complex cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces flocculus or S. rufochronmogenus. It is used...

Streptothricins - A group of antibiotic aminoglycosides differing only in the number of repeating residues in the pept...

Streptovaricin - A complex of ansamycin antibiotics consisting of streptovaricins A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K of wh...

Streptozocin - An antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent an...

Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various...

Stress Disorders, Traumatic - Anxiety disorders manifested by the development of characteristic symptoms following a psychological...

Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute - A class of traumatic stress disorders that is characterized by the significant dissociative states s...

Stress Fibers - Bundles of actin filaments (MICROFILAMENTS) and myosin-II that span across the cell attaching to the...

Stress, Mechanical - A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by ext...

Stress, Physiological - The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an org...

Stress, Psychological - Stress wherein emotional factors predominate....

Stria Vascularis - A layer of stratified EPITHELIUM forming the endolymphatic border of the cochlear duct at the latera...

Striatonigral Degeneration - A sporadic neurodegenerative disease with onset in middle-age characterized clinically by Parkinsoni...

Striga - A plant genus of the family SCROPHULARIACEAE that is parasitic on the roots of other plants. Members...

Strigiformes - An order of BIRDS with the common name owls characterized by strongly hooked beaks, sharp talons, la...

Strikes, Employee - Work-related situations in which the employees as a group refuse to work until certain conditions of...

Stroboscopy - The observation of successive phases of MOVEMENT by use of a flashing light....

Stroke - A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological func...

Stroke Volume - The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/...

Stromal Cells - Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often assoc...

Strongyle Infections, Equine - Infection of horses with parasitic nematodes of the superfamily STRONGYLOIDEA. Characteristics inclu...

Strongylida - An order of nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA. Characteristics include an H-shaped excretory sys...

Strongylida Infections - Infections with nematodes of the order STRONGYLIDA....

Strongylocentrotus - A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Strongylocentrotidae. They possess more than three pore pairs p...

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus - A species of SEA URCHINS in the family Strongylocentrotidae found on the Pacific coastline from Alas...

Strongyloidea - A superfamily of strongyles or roundworms which are parasites in the intestinal tract of equines, pi...

Strongyloides - A genus of parasitic nematodes widely distributed as intestinal parasites of mammals....

Strongyloides ratti - A species of parasitic nematode found in rats....

Strongyloides stercoralis - A species of parasitic nematode widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. The female...

Strongyloidiasis - Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis ...

Strongylus - A genus of intestinal parasitic nematodes occurring in animals and man....

Strontium - An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, an...

Strontium Isotopes - Stable strontium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element strontium, but differ in the ...

Strontium Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83...

Stroop Test - Timed test in which the subject must read a list of words or identify colors presented with varying ...

Strophanthidin - 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated f...

Strophanthins - A number of different cardioactive glycosides obtained from Strophanthus species. OUABAIN is from S....

Strophanthus - A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE that contains OUABAIN cardiac glycosides....

Structural Homology, Protein - The degree of 3-dimensional shape similarity between proteins. It can be an indication of distant AM...

Structure Collapse - Failure in built environment with loss of functional integrity....

Structure-Activity Relationship - The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological ...

Struma Ovarii - A rare teratoid tumor of the ovary composed almost entirely of thyroid tissue, with large follicles ...

Struthioniformes - An order of flightless birds comprising the ostriches, which naturally inhabit open, low rainfall ar...

Strychnine - An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine re...

Strychnos - A plant genus of the family LOGANIACEAE (classified by some botanists as Strychnaceae)....

Strychnos nux-vomica - A plant genus of the genus STRYCHNOS, family LOGANIACEAE that is the source of STRYCHNINE....

Student Dropouts - Individuals who leave school, secondary or college, prior to completion of specified curriculum requ...

Student Health Services - Health services for college and university students usually provided by the educational institution....

Students - Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program....

Students, Dental - Individuals enrolled a school of dentistry or a formal educational program in leading to a degree in...

Students, Health Occupations - Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program in the health occupations....

Students, Medical - Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine....

Students, Nursing - Individuals enrolled in a school of nursing or a formal educational program leading to a degree in n...

Students, Pharmacy - Individuals enrolled in a school of pharmacy or a formal educational program leading to a degree in ...

Students, Premedical - Individuals enrolled in a preparatory course for medical school....

Students, Public Health - Individuals enrolled in a school of PUBLIC HEALTH or a formal educational program in public health....

Stupor - A state of reduced sensibility and response to stimuli which is distinguished from COMA in that the ...

Sturge-Weber Syndrome - A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characteriz...

Stuttering - A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the indi...

Styracaceae - A plant family of the order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida....

Styrax - A plant genus of the family STYRACACEAE. Sap of these Asian trees are a source of a balsam (BALSAMS)...

Styrene - A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copo...

Styrenes - Derivatives and polymers of styrene. They are used in the manufacturing of synthetic rubber, plastic...

Subacute Care - Medical and skilled nursing services provided to patients who are not in an acute phase of an illnes...

Subacute Combined Degeneration - A neuropathy due to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY or to excessive NITROUS OXIDE inhalation. It is associat...

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis - A rare, slowly progressive encephalitis caused by chronic infection with the MEASLES VIRUS. The cond...

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURY...

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic - Bleeding into the SUBARACHNOID SPACE due to CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Minor hemorrhages may be asymptom...

Subcellular Fractions - Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delica...

Subclavian Artery - Artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on th...

Subclavian Steal Syndrome - A clinically significant reduction in blood supply to the BRAIN STEM and CEREBELLUM (i.e., VERTEBROB...

Subclavian Vein - The continuation of the axillary vein which follows the subclavian artery and then joins the interna...

Subcommissural Organ - An ependymal derivative located at the junction of the third ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct, se...

Subcutaneous Emphysema - Presence of air or gas in the subcutaneous tissues of the body....

Subcutaneous Fat - Fatty tissue under the SKIN through out the body....

Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal - Fatty tissue under the SKIN in the region of the ABDOMEN....

Subcutaneous Tissue - Loose connective tissue lying under the DERMIS, which binds SKIN loosely to subjacent tissues. It ma...

Subdural Effusion - Leakage and accumulation of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID in the subdural space which may be associated with a...

Suberites - A genus of velvety smooth SPONGES in the family Suberitidae, characterized by the ectosomal and choa...

Subfornical Organ - A structure, situated close to the intraventricular foramen, which induces drinking behavior after s...

Subgingival Curettage - Removal of degenerated and necrotic epithelium and underlying connective tissue of a periodontal poc...

Subject Headings - Terms or expressions which provide the major means of access by subject to the bibliographic unit....

Sublimation - A defense mechanism through which unacceptable impulses and instinctive urges are diverted into pers...

Subliminal Stimulation - Stimulation at an intensity below that where a differentiated response can be elicited....

Sublingual Gland Neoplasms - Neoplasms of the sublingual glands....

Submandibular Gland - One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastr...

Submarine Medicine - The field of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the health of people in submarines or seal...

Submitochondrial Particles - The various filaments, granules, tubules or other inclusions within mitochondria....

Submucous Plexus - One of two ganglionated neural networks which together form the enteric nervous system. The submucou...

Subphrenic Abscess - Accumulation of purulent EXUDATES beneath the DIAPHRAGM, also known as upper abdominal abscess. It i...

Subrenal Capsule Assay - In vivo method of screening investigative anticancer drugs and biologic response modifiers for indiv...

Substance Abuse Detection - Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. U...

Substance Abuse Treatment Centers - Health facilities providing therapy and/or rehabilitation for substance-dependent individuals. Metha...

Substance Abuse, Intravenous - Abuse, overuse, or misuse of a substance by its injection into a vein....

Substance P - An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous system...

Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after pro...

Substance-Related Disorders - Disorders related to substance abuse, the side effects of a medication, toxin exposure, and ALCOHOL-...

Substantia Gelatinosa - Gelatinous-appearing material in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, consisting chiefly of Golgi typ...

Substantia Innominata - Tissue in the base of the forebrain inferior to the anterior perforated substance, and anterior to t...

Substantia Nigra - The black substance in the ventral midbrain or the nucleus of cells containing the black substance. ...

Substrate Cycling - A set of opposing, nonequilibrium reactions catalyzed by different enzymes which act simultaneously,...

Substrate Specificity - A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme...

Subtalar Joint - Formed by the articulation of the talus with the calcaneus....

Subthalamic Nucleus - Lens-shaped structure on the inner aspect of the internal capsule. The subthalamic nucleus and pathw...

Subthalamus - A transition zone in the anterior part of the diencephalon interposed between the thalamus, hypothal...

Subtilisin - A serine endopeptidase isolated from Bacillus subtilis. It hydrolyzes proteins with broad specificit...

Subtilisins - A family of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES isolated from Bacillus subtilis. EC 3.4.21.-...

Subtraction Technique - Combination or superimposition of two images for demonstrating differences between them (e.g., radio...

Suburban Health - The status of health in suburban populations....

Suburban Health Services - Health services, public or private, in suburban areas. The services include the promotion of health ...

Suburban Population - The inhabitants of peripheral or adjacent areas of a city or town....

Suburethral Slings - Support structures, made from natural or synthetic materials, that are implanted below the URETHRA t...

Succimer - A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong che...

Succinate Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase - An electron transport chain complex that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from SUCCINATE to CYTOC...

Succinate Dehydrogenase - A flavoprotein containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the dehdyrogenation of SUCCINATE to fumerate...

Succinate-CoA Ligases - Enzymes that catalyze the first step leading to the oxidation of succinic acid by the reversible for...

Succinates - The salts and esters of SUCCINIC ACID and its derivatives....

Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase - An enzyme that plays a role in the GLUTAMATE and butanoate metabolism pathways by catalyzing the oxi...

Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase (NADP+) - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate semialdehyde to SUCCINIC ACID. It plays a role i...

Succinic Acid - A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in me...

Succinic Acids - A class of dicarboxylic acids with the general structure of butanedioic acid (succinic acid). They a...

Succinic Anhydrides - A subclass of anhydrides with the general structure of dihydrofurandione. They can be substituted on...

Succinimides - A subclass of IMIDES with the general structure of pyrrolidinedione. They are prepared by the distil...

Succinivibrionaceae - A family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the RUMEN of SHEEP and CATTLE and from ...

Succinylcholine - A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. ...

Succinyldiaminopimelate Transaminase - A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the transfer amino group from N-succinyl-L-2,...

Sucking Behavior - Any suction exerted by the mouth; response of the mammalian infant to draw milk from the breast. Inc...

Sucralfate - A basic aluminum complex of sulfated sucrose....

Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex - An enzyme complex found in the brush border membranes of the small intestine. It is believed to be a...

Sucrose - A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is...

Suction - The removal of secretions, gas or fluid from hollow or tubular organs or cavities by means of a tube...

Sudan - A country in northeastern Africa whose boundaries are CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC; CHAD; DEMOCRATIC REP...

Sudden Infant Death - The abrupt and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant under one year of age, remaining un...

Sufentanil - An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a prima...

Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases - Reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of sugar alcohols to form a keto sugar, aldeh...

Sugar Alcohols - Polyhydric alcohols having no more than one hydroxy group attached to each carbon atom. They are for...

Suggestion - The uncritical acceptance of an idea or plan of action....

Suicide - The act of killing oneself....

Suicide, Assisted - Provision (by a physician or other health professional, or by a family member or friend) of support ...

Suicide, Attempted - The unsuccessful attempt to kill oneself....

Suipoxvirus - A genus of the family POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE, containing one species, swinepox virus...

Sulbactam - A beta-lactamase inhibitor with very weak antibacterial action. The compound prevents antibiotic des...

Sulbenicillin - Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic....

Sulfacetamide - An anti-infective agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract...

Sulfachlorpyridazine - A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine....

Sulfadiazine - One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis i...

Sulfadimethoxine - A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent....

Sulfadoxine - A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, ur...

Sulfaguanidine - A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections....

Sulfalene - Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for ...

Sulfamerazine - A sulfanilamide that is used as an antibacterial agent....

Sulfameter - Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections....

Sulfamethazine - A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sul...

Sulfamethizole - A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent....

Sulfamethoxazole - A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacter...

Sulfamethoxypyridazine - A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent....

Sulfamonomethoxine - Long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent....

Sulfamoxole - A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent....

Sulfanilamides - Compounds based on 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide. The '-anil-' part of the name refers to aniline....

Sulfanilic Acids - Aminobenzenesulfonic acids. Organic acids that are used in the manufacture of dyes and organic chemi...

Sulfaphenazole - A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent....

Sulfapyridine - Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases....

Sulfaquinoxaline - An antiprotozoal agent used to combat coccidial infections of swine, cattle, fowl, and other veterin...

Sulfasalazine - A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally cons...

Sulfate Adenylyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the activation of sulfate ions by ATP to form adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate a...

Sulfates - Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid....

Sulfatidosis - A group of inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of sulfur-...

Sulfenic Acids - Oxy acids of sulfur with the general formula RSOH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group such as CH3. Th...

Sulfhemoglobinemia - A morbid condition due to the presence of sulfmethemoglobin in the blood. It is marked by persistent...

Sulfhydryl Compounds - Compounds containing the -SH radical....

Sulfhydryl Reagents - Chemical agents that react with SH groups. This is a chemically diverse group that is used for a var...

Sulfides - Chemical groups containing the covalent sulfur bonds -S-. The sulfur atom can be bound to inorganic ...

Sulfinic Acids - Any of the monobasic inorganic or organic acids of sulfur with the general formula RSO(OH). (From Mc...

Sulfinpyrazone - A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-infla...

Sulfisomidine - A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent....

Sulfisoxazole - A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gr...

Sulfite Dehydrogenase - An enzyme that catalyzes oxidation of sulfite to sulfate along with the reduction of FERROCYTOCHROME...

Sulfite Oxidase - A MOLYBDENUM requiring enzyme that catalyzes the terminal reaction in the oxidative degradation of S...

Sulfite Reductase (Ferredoxin) - A FERREDOXIN-dependent oxidoreductase that is primarily found in PLANTS where it plays an important ...

Sulfite Reductase (NADPH) - A NADPH-dependent oxidase that reduces hydrogen sulfite to HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is found in many mic...

Sulfites - Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid....

Sulfobromophthalein - A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination....

Sulfoglycosphingolipids - GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups....

Sulfolobaceae - A family of SULFOLOBALES consisting of aerobic or facultatively anaerobic chemolithotrophic cocci, u...

Sulfolobales - An order of CRENARCHAEOTA consisting of aerobic or facultatively aerobic, chemolithotrophic cocci wh...

Sulfolobus - A genus of aerobic, chemolithotrophic, coccoid ARCHAEA whose organisms are thermoacidophilic. Its ce...

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius - A species of aerobic, chemolithotrophic ARCHAEA consisting of coccoid cells that utilize sulfur as a...

Sulfolobus solfataricus - A species of thermoacidophilic ARCHAEA in the family Sulfolobaceae, found in volcanic areas where th...

Sulfonamides - A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2. Members of this group, also known as sulfa d...

Sulfonic Acids - Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical....

Sulfonium Compounds - Sulfur compounds in which the sulfur atom is attached to three organic radicals and an electronegati...

Sulfotransferases - Enzymes which transfer sulfate groups to various acceptor molecules. They are involved in posttransl...

Sulfoxides - Organic compounds that have the general formula R-SO-R. They are obtained by oxidation of mercaptans...

Sulfur - An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, an...

Sulfur Acids - Inorganic or organic acids that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule....

Sulfur Compounds - Inorganic or organic compounds that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule....

Sulfur Dioxide - A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It ...

Sulfur Group Transferases - Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sulfur atoms (2.8.1), sulfur groups (2.8.2) or coenzyme A (2.8...

Sulfur Hexafluoride - Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses in...

Sulfur Isotopes - Stable sulfur atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sulfur, but differ in atomic wei...

Sulfur Oxides - Inorganic oxides of sulfur....

Sulfur Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35...

Sulfuric Acid Esters - Organic esters of sulfuric acid....

Sulfuric Acids - Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid ar...

Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria - A group of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that is able to oxidize acetate completely to carbon di...

Sulfur-Sulfur Bond Isomerases - Enzymes that catalyze the transposition of a sulfur-sulfur bond. EC 5.3.4....

Sulfurtransferases - Enzymes which transfer sulfur atoms to various acceptor molecules. EC 2.8.1....

Sulindac - A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID an...

Suloctidil - A peripheral vasodilator that was formerly used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascula...

Sulpiride - A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsycho...

Sumatriptan - A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE...

SUMO-1 Protein - A 1.5-kDa small ubiquitin-related modifier protein that can covalently bind via an isopeptide link t...

Sunbathing - Exposing oneself to SUNLIGHT or ULTRAVIOLET RAYS....

Sunburn - An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from exce...

SUNCT Syndrome - A primary headache disorder that is characterized by frequent short-lasting, unilateral, neuralgifor...

Sunlight - Irradiation directly from the sun....

Sunscreening Agents - Chemical or physical agents that protect the skin from sunburn and erythema by absorbing or blocking...

Sunstroke - Heat stroke caused by exposure to the sun. It is characterized by dangerously high BODY TEMPERATURE;...

Suntan - An induced skin pigment (MELANIN) darkening after exposure to SUNLIGHT or ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. The degr...

Superantigens - Microbial antigens that have in common an extremely potent activating effect on T-cells that bear a ...

Superego - The component of the personality associated with ethics, standards, and self-criticism - the "consci...

Superfetation - The FERTILIZATION of an OVUM that takes place when a FETUS is already present in the UTERUS. Superfe...

Superinfection - A frequent complication of drug therapy for microbial infection. It may result from opportunistic co...

Superior Cervical Ganglion - The largest and uppermost of the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia....

Superior Colliculi - The anterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which contain the centers for visual function....

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome - DUODENAL OBSTRUCTION by the superior mesenteric artery (MESENTERIC ARTERY, SUPERIOR) which travels i...

Superior Sagittal Sinus - The long large endothelium-lined venous channel on the top outer surface of the brain. It receives b...

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome - A condition that occurs when the obstruction of the thin-walled SUPERIOR VENA CAVA interrupts blood ...

Superovulation - Occurrence or induction of release of more ova than are normally released at the same time in a give...

Superoxide Dismutase - An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecu...

Superoxides - Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological system...

Superstitions - A belief or practice which lacks adequate basis for proof; an embodiment of fear of the unknown, mag...

Supination - Applies to the movements of the forearm in turning the palm forward or upward and when applied to th...

Supine Position - The posture of an individual lying face up....

Support of Research - Organizational source for funding of research activity....

Suppositories - Medicated dosage forms that are designed to be inserted into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orific...

Suppression, Genetic - Mutation process that restores the wild-type PHENOTYPE in an organism possessing a mutationally alte...

Suppressor Factors, Immunologic - Proteins, protein complexes, or glycoproteins secreted by suppressor T-cells that inhibit either sub...

Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins - A family of structurally related proteins that are induced by CYTOKINES and negatively regulate cyto...

Suppuration - A pathologic process consisting in the formation of pus....

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus - An ovoid densely packed collection of small cells of the anterior hypothalamus lying close to the mi...

Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive - A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR M...

Supraoptic Nucleus - Hypothalamic nucleus overlying the beginning of the optic tract....

Supratentorial Neoplasms - Primary and metastatic (secondary) tumors of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, a fold...

Supreme Court Decisions - Decisions made by the United States Supreme Court....

Suprofen - An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis a...

Sural Nerve - A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot....

Suramin - A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment...

Suregada - A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that contains gelonin, a ribosome-inactivating protein....

Surface Plasmon Resonance - A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are ...

Surface Properties - Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules....

Surface Tension - The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface. (From McGr...

Surface-Active Agents - Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one...

Surge Capacity - A health care system's ability to rapidly mobilize to meet an increased demand, to rapidly expand be...

Surgery Department, Hospital - Hospital department which administers all departmental functions and the provision of surgical diagn...

Surgery, Computer-Assisted - Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic ...

Surgery, Oral - A dental specialty concerned with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of disease, injuries, and def...

Surgery, Plastic - The branch of surgery concerned with restoration, reconstruction, or improvement of defective, damag...

Surgery, Veterinary - A board-certified specialty of VETERINARY MEDICINE, requiring at least four years of special educati...

Surgical Equipment - Nonexpendable apparatus used during surgical procedures. They are differentiated from SURGICAL INSTR...

Surgical Fixation Devices - Devices used to hold tissue structures together for repair, reconstruction or to close wounds. They ...

Surgical Flaps - Tongues of skin and subcutaneous tissue, sometimes including muscle, cut away from the underlying pa...

Surgical Instruments - Hand-held tools or implements used by health professionals for the performance of surgical tasks....

Surgical Mesh - Any woven or knit material of open texture used in surgery for the repair, reconstruction, or substi...

Surgical Procedures, Elective - Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery ...

Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive - Procedures that avoid use of open invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery. These genera...

Surgical Procedures, Minor - Surgery restricted to the management of minor problems and injuries; surgical procedures of relative...

Surgical Procedures, Operative - Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagno...

Surgical Sponges - Gauze material used to absorb body fluids during surgery. Referred to as gossypiboma if accidentally...

Surgical Staplers - Fastening devices composed of steel-tantalum alloys used to close operative wounds, especially of th...

Surgical Stapling - A technique of closing incisions and wounds, or of joining and connecting tissues, in which staples ...

Surgical Stomas - Artificial openings created by a surgeon for therapeutic reasons. Most often this refers to openings...

Surgical Tape - A flat, flexible strip of material used to cover or fasten together damaged tissue....

Surgical Wound Dehiscence - Pathologic process consisting of a partial or complete disruption of the layers of a surgical wound....

Surgical Wound Infection - Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision....

Surgically-Created Structures - Organs or parts of organs surgically formed from nearby tissue to function as substitutes for diseas...

Surgicenters - Facilities designed to serve patients who require surgical treatment exceeding the capabilities of u...

Suriname - A republic in the north of South America, bordered on the west by GUYANA (British Guiana) and on the...

Surrogate Mothers - Women who allow themselves to be impregnated with the understanding that the offspring are to be giv...

Survival - Continuance of life or existence especially under adverse conditions; includes methods and philosoph...

Survival Analysis - A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting w...

Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein - A SMN complex protein that is essential for the function of the SMN protein complex. In humans the p...

Survival of Motor Neuron 2 Protein - A SMN complex protein that is closely-related to SURVIVAL OF MOTOR NEURON 1 PROTEIN. In humans, the ...

Survival Rate - The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or th...

Survivors - Persons who have experienced a prolonged survival after serious disease or who continue to live with...

Sus scrofa - A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic p...

Susac Syndrome - A rare disorder consisting of microangiopathy of brain, retina, and inner ear ARTERIOLES. It is char...

Suspensions - Colloids with liquid continuous phase and solid dispersed phase; the term is used loosely also for s...

Suture Anchors - Implants used in arthroscopic surgery and other orthopedic procedures to attach soft tissue to bone....

Sutures - Materials used in closing a surgical or traumatic wound. (From Dorland, 28th ed)...

Sverdlovsk Accidental Release - ANTHRAX outbreak that occurred in 1979 and was associated with a research facility in Sverdlovsk, i...

Swainsonine - An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhib...

Swallows - The family Hirundinidae, comprised of small BIRDS that hunt flying INSECTS while in sustained flight...

Swayback - Congenital locomotor ataxia of lambs, thought to be associated with copper deficiency. It is charact...

Swaziland - A kingdom in southern Africa, west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Mbabane. The area was settled by th...

Sweat - The fluid excreted by the SWEAT GLANDS. It consists of water containing sodium chloride, phosphate, ...

Sweat Gland Diseases - Diseases of the SWEAT GLANDS....

Sweat Glands - Sweat-producing structures that are embedded in the DERMIS. Each gland consists of a single tube, a ...

Sweating - The process of exocrine secretion of the SWEAT GLANDS, including the aqueous sweat from the ECCRINE ...

Sweating Sickness - A clinical condition characterized by fever and profuse sweating and associated with high mortality....

Sweating, Gustatory - An autonomic disorder characterized by excessive sweating of the forehead, upper lip, perioral regio...

Sweet Syndrome - Condition characterized by large, rapidly extending, erythematous, tender plaques on the upper body ...

Sweetening Agents - Substances that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc., such as sugar, saccharine or other low-c...

Swertia - A plant genus of the family GENTIANACEAE. It is a source of swertiapuniside and iridoid glycosides....

Swimming - An activity in which the body is propelled through water by specific movement of the arms and/or the...

Swine - Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omn...

Swine Diseases - Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus....

Swine Erysipelas - An acute and chronic contagious disease of young pigs caused by Erysipelothrix insidiosa....

Swine Vesicular Disease - An enterovirus infection of swine clinically indistinguishable from FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE, vesicula...

Swine, Miniature - Genetically developed small pigs for use in biomedical research. There are several strains - Yucatan...

Swiss 3T3 Cells - A cell line established in 1962 from disaggregated Swiss albino mouse embryos. This fibroblast cell ...

Sydnones - OXADIAZOLES bearing an oxygen at the 5-position. They are mesoionic, with delocalized positive and n...

Symbiosis - The living together of organisms of different species....

Symbolism - A concept that stands for or suggests something else by reason of its relationship, association, con...

Sympathectomy - The removal or interruption of some part of the sympathetic nervous system for therapeutic or resear...

Sympathectomy, Chemical - Sympathectomy using chemicals (e.g., 6-hydroxydopamine or guanethidine) which selectively and revers...

Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic - Nerve fibers which project from sympathetic ganglia to synapses on target organs. Sympathetic postga...

Sympathetic Nervous System - The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers origina...

Sympatholytics - Drugs that inhibit the actions of the sympathetic nervous system by any mechanism. The most common o...

Sympathomimetics - Drugs that mimic the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included h...

Symphoricarpos - A plant genus of the family CAPRIFOLIACEAE. The common name of "snowberry" is also used for GAULTHER...

Symporters - Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction acros...

Synapses - Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a ne...

Synapsins - A family of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins involved in the short-term regulation of NEUROTRANS...

Synaptic Membranes - Cell membranes associated with synapses. Both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are included al...

Synaptic Potentials - The voltages across pre- or post-SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES....

Synaptic Transmission - The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In...

Synaptic Vesicles - Membrane-bound compartments which contain transmitter molecules. Synaptic vesicles are concentrated ...

Synaptonemal Complex - The three-part structure of ribbon-like proteinaceous material that serves to align and join the pai...

Synaptophysin - A 38-kDa integral membrane glycoprotein of the presynaptic vesicles in neuron and neuroendocrine cel...

Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 - A ubiquitous target SNARE protein that interacts with SYNTAXIN and SYNAPTOBREVIN. It is a core compo...

Synaptosomes - Pinched-off nerve endings and their contents of vesicles and cytoplasm together with the attached su...

Synaptotagmin I - A vesicular transport protein expressed predominately in NEURONS. Synaptotagmin helps regulate EXOCY...

Synaptotagmin II - A vesicular transport protein that was originally characterized as an inositol polyphosphate binding...

Synaptotagmins - A family of vesicular transport proteins characterized by an N-terminal transmembrane region and two...

Synchrotrons - Devices for accelerating protons or electrons in closed orbits where the accelerating voltage and ma...

Syncope - A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i....

Syncope, Vasovagal - Loss of consciousness due to a reduction in blood pressure that is associated with an increase in va...

Syndactyly - A congenital anomaly of the hand or foot, marked by the webbing between adjacent fingers or toes. Sy...

Syndecan-1 - A syndecan that interacts with EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS and plays a role CELL PROLIFERATION and...

Syndecan-2 - A syndecan that is predominantly expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It may play a role in media...

Syndecan-3 - A syndecan found at high levels in the developing LIMB BUDS. It may play a role in the regulation of...

Syndecan-4 - A ubiquitously expressed syndecan that is found in all stages of embryonic development and in most a...

Syndecans - A family of transmembrane glycoproteins that contain a short cytoplasmic domain, a single-span trans...

Syndrome - A symptom complex of unknown etiology, that is characteristic of a particular abnormality....

Synechococcus - A form-genus of spherical to rod-shaped CYANOBACTERIA in the order Chroococcales. They contain THYLA...

Synechocystis - A form-genus of unicellular CYANOBACTERIA in the order Chroococcales. None of the strains fix NITROG...

Synephrine - Sympathetic alpha-adrenergic agonist with actions like PHENYLEPHRINE. It is used as a vasoconstricto...

Synkinesis - An involuntary movement accompanying a volitional movement. It often refers to facial movements that...

Synostosis - A union between adjacent bones or parts of a single bone formed by osseous material, such as ossifie...

Synovial Cyst - Non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions at joints, developed from the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE of a joint through...

Synovial Fluid - The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. It contains mucin, albumin, fat, and min...

Synovial Membrane - The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable joint. It is loosely attached to ...

Synovitis - Inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is usually painful, particularly on motion, and is character...

Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular - Outgrowths of synovial membrane composed of villi and fibrous nodules characterized histologically b...

Synsepalum - A plant genus of the family SAPOTACEAE. Members contain miraculin (also spelled mieraculin), a sweet...

Syntaxin 1 - A neuronal cell membrane protein that combines with SNAP-25 and SYNAPTOBREVIN 2 to form a SNARE comp...

Syntaxin 16 - A ubiquitously expressed member of the syntaxin subfamily of SNARE proteins that localizes to the GO...

Syntenins - Intracellular signaling adaptor proteins that play a role in the coupling of SYNDECANS to CYTOSKELET...

Synteny - The presence of two or more genetic loci on the same chromosome. Extensions of this original definit...

Synucleins - A family of homologous proteins of low MOLECULAR WEIGHT that are predominately expressed in the BRAI...

Syphilis - A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM....

Syphilis Serodiagnosis - Serologic tests for syphilis....

Syphilis, Cardiovascular - Cardiovascular manifestations of SYPHILIS, an infection of TREPONEMA PALLIDUM. In the late stage of ...

Syphilis, Congenital - Syphilis acquired in utero and manifested by any of several characteristic tooth (Hutchinson's teeth...

Syphilis, Cutaneous - Cutaneous lesions arising from infection with Treponema pallidum. In the primary stage, 18-21 days f...

Syringa - A plant genus of the family OLEACEAE. Oleuropein has been identified in the stem bark....

Syringes - Instruments used for injecting or withdrawing fluids. (Stedman, 25th ed)...

Syringoma - A benign tumor of the sweat glands which is usually multiple and results from malformation of sweat ...

Syringomyelia - Longitudinal cavities in the spinal cord, most often in the cervical region, which may extend for mu...

Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Controlled vocabulary of clinical terms produced by the College of American Pathologists....

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome - A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of t...

Systemic Vasculitis - A heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the blood vessel wal...

Systems Analysis - The analysis of an activity, procedure, method, technique, or business to determine what must be acc...

Systems Biology - Comprehensive, methodical analysis of complex biological systems by monitoring responses to perturba...

Systems Integration - The procedures involved in combining separately developed modules, components, or subsystems so that...

Systems Theory - Principles, models, and laws that apply to complex interrelationships and interdependencies of sets ...

Systole - Period of contraction of the HEART, especially of the HEART VENTRICLES....

Systolic Murmurs - Heart murmurs which are systolic in timing. They occur between the first and the second HEART SOUNDS...

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