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Health Terms starting with I

Common Health Terms | All Health Terms

2nd Letter:

- a b c d f g k l m n o p r s t v x

I Blood-Group System - A blood group related both to the ABO and P systems that includes several different antigens found i...

Iatrogenic Disease - Any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician, surgeon, or ...

Ibogaine - One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. It has a complex pharmacolo...

Ibotenic Acid - A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes m...

Ibuprofen - A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties used in the therapy of rheumatism a...

Ice - The solid substance formed by the FREEZING of water....

Ice Cover - A thick mass of ICE formed over large regions of land, RIVERS, lakes, ponds, or SEAWATER....

Ice Cream - A frozen dairy food made from cream or butterfat, milk, sugar, and flavorings. Frozen custard and Fr...

Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital - Designation for several severe forms of ichthyosis, present at birth, that are characterized by hype...

Ichthyosis - Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to...

Ichthyosis Bullosa of Siemens - An autosomal dominant form of ichthyosis characterized by generalized reddening of the skin (ERYTHEM...

Ichthyosis Vulgaris - Most common form of ICHTHYOSIS characterized by prominent scaling especially on the exterior surface...

Ichthyosis, Lamellar - A chronic, congenital ichthyosis inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Infants are usually born...

Ichthyosis, X-Linked - Chronic form of ichthyosis that is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait carried on the X-chromo...

Ictaluridae - A family of North American freshwater CATFISHES. It consists of four genera (Ameiurus, Ictalurus, No...

Ictalurivirus - An unassigned genus in the family HERPESVIRIDAE, comprising one species Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (Cha...

Id - The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and striving...

Idarubicin - An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against breast ...

Idazoxan - An alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist. It has been used experimentally to test the binding activity of...

Ideal Body Weight - Expected weight of a healthy normal individual based on age, sex, and height. Thus, a malnourished p...

Identification (Psychology) - A process by which an individual unconsciously endeavors to pattern himself after another. This proc...

Identity Crisis - Chaotic concept of self wherein one's role in life appears to be an insoluble dilemma often expresse...

Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias - A group of interstitial lung diseases with no known etiology. There are several entities with varyin...

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age...

Idoxuridine - An analog of DEOXYURIDINE that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. The drug is used as an antiviral agent....

Iduronate Sulfatase - An enzyme that specifically cleaves the ester sulfate of iduronic acid. Its deficiency has been demo...

Iduronic Acid - Component of dermatan sulfate. Differs in configuration from glucuronic acid only at the C-5 positio...

Iduronidase - An enzyme that hydrolyzes iduronosidic linkages in desulfated dermatan. Deficiency of this enzyme pr...

Ifosfamide - Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressiv...

IgA Deficiency - A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A....

IgG Deficiency - A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G....

Iguanas - Large herbivorous tropical American lizards....

I-kappa B Kinase - A protein serine-threonine kinase that catalyzes the PHOSPHORYLATION of I KAPPA B PROTEINS. This enz...

I-kappa B Proteins - A family of inhibitory proteins which bind to the REL PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS and modulate their act...

Ikaros Transcription Factor - A transcription factor that plays a role as a key regulator of HEMATOPOIESIS. Aberrant Ikaros expres...

Ilarvirus - A genus of the family BROMOVIRIDAE which infects mainly woody plants. Species are divided into ten s...

Ileal Diseases - Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE....

Ileal Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer in the ILEUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL)....

Ileitis - Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE....

Ileocecal Valve - The valve, at the junction of the CECUM with the COLON, that guards the opening where the ILEUM ente...

Ileostomy - Surgical creation of an external opening into the ILEUM for fecal diversion or drainage. This replac...

Ileum - The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE...

Ileus - A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanic...

Ilex - A plant genus of the family AQUIFOLIACEAE. The common name of 'holly' usually refers to this genus ...

Ilex guayusa - A plant species of the family AQUIFOLIACEAE known for ritual use by Amazonian Jivaro Indians....

Ilex paraguariensis - A plant species of the family AQUIFOLIACEAE. An infusion of the leaves is commonly drunk in South A...

Ilex vomitoria - A plant species of the family AQUIFOLIACEAE. It has been used to induce vomiting in purification ri...

Iliac Aneurysm - Abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any one of the iliac arteries including the ...

Iliac Artery - Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, ...

Iliac Vein - A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac ve...

Ilizarov Technique - A bone fixation technique using an external fixator (FIXATORS, EXTERNAL) for lengthening limbs, corr...

Illegitimacy - The state of birth outside of wedlock. It may refer to the offspring or the parents....

Illicium - A plant genus of the family Illiciaceae, order Illiciales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida...

Illness Behavior - Coordinate set of non-specific behavioral responses to non-psychiatric illness. These may include lo...

Illusions - The misinterpretation of a real external, sensory experience....

Iloprost - An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stabl...

Iltovirus - A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, with a single species: HERPESVIRU...

Image Cytometry - A technique encompassing morphometry, densitometry, neural networks, and expert systems that has num...

Image Enhancement - Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digita...

Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnos...

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the ...

Imagery (Psychotherapy) - The use of mental images produced by the imagination as a form of psychotherapy. It can be classifie...

Imagination - A new pattern of perceptual or ideational material derived from past experience....

Imaging, Three-Dimensional - The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. Fo...

Imidazoles - Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separa...

Imidazolidines - Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLINES which contain no double bonds in the ring....

Imidazoline Receptors - Receptors of CLONIDINE and other IMIDAZOLINES. Activity of the ligands was earlier attributed to ADR...

Imidazolines - Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLES containing a single double bond....

Imidocarb - One of ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS used especially against BABESIA in livestock. Toxicity has been reporte...

Imidoesters - Esters of the hypothetical imidic acids. They react with amines or amino acids to form amidines and ...

Imino Furanoses - Five-carbon furanose sugars in which the OXYGEN is replaced by a NITROGEN atom....

Imino Pyranoses - Six-carbon pyranose sugars in which the OXYGEN is replaced by a NITROGEN atom....

Imino Sugars - Sugars in which the OXYGEN is replaced by a NITROGEN atom. This substitution prevents normal METABOL...

Imipenem - Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative a...

Imipramine - The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar ...

Imitative Behavior - The mimicking of the behavior of one individual by another....

Immediate-Early Proteins - Proteins that are coded by immediate-early genes, in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The t...

Immersion - The placing of a body or a part thereof into a liquid....

Immersion Foot - A condition of the feet produced by prolonged exposure of the feet to water. Exposure for 48 hours o...

Immobility Response, Tonic - An induced response to threatening stimuli characterized by complete loss of muscle strength....

Immobilization - The restriction of the MOVEMENT of whole or part of the body by physical means (RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL)...

Immobilized Proteins - Proteins that are chemically bound to a substrate material which renders their location fixed. The i...

Immune Adherence Reaction - A method for the detection of very small quantities of antibody in which the antigen-antibody-comple...

Immune Complex Diseases - Group of diseases mediated by the deposition of large soluble complexes of antigen and antibody with...

Immune Evasion - Methods used by pathogenic organisms to evade a host's immune system....

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Exuberant inflammatory response towards previously undiagnosed or incubating opportunistic pathogens...

Immune Sera - Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTI...

Immune System - The body's defense mechanism against foreign organisms or substances and deviant native cells. It in...

Immune System Diseases - Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or bo...

Immune System Phenomena - The characteristic properties and processes involved in IMMUNITY and an organism's immune response....

Immune System Processes - Mechanisms of action and interactions of the components of the IMMUNE SYSTEM....

Immune Tolerance - The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antig...

Immunity - Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic ef...

Immunity, Active - Resistance to a disease agent resulting from the production of specific antibodies by the host, eith...

Immunity, Cellular - Those manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes v...

Immunity, Herd - The non-susceptibility to infection of a large group of individuals in a population. A variety of fa...

Immunity, Humoral - Antibody-mediated immune response. Humoral immunity is brought about by ANTIBODY FORMATION, resultin...

Immunity, Innate - The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It result...

Immunity, Maternally-Acquired - Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetu...

Immunity, Mucosal - Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a r...

Immunization - Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of...

Immunization Programs - Organized services to administer immunization procedures in the prevention of various diseases. The ...

Immunization Schedule - Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization....

Immunization, Passive - Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or tra...

Immunization, Secondary - Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely re...

Immunoassay - A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being...

Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy - A disorder characterized by proliferation of arborizing small vessels, prominent immunoblastic proli...

Immunoblotting - Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is ide...

Immunochemistry - Field of chemistry that pertains to immunological phenomena and the study of chemical reactions rela...

Immunocompetence - The ability of lymphoid cells to mount a humoral or cellular immune response when challenged by anti...

Immunocompromised Host - A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder o...

Immunoconglutinins - Autoantibodies directed against newly-formed EPITOPES created as the COMPLEMENT cascade is activated...

Immunoconjugates - Combinations of diagnostic or therapeutic substances linked with specific immune substances such as ...

Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine - The type species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus bovine lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, BOVINE), found in cattle...

Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline - A species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus feline lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, FELINE) isolated from cats with...

Immunodiffusion - Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or...

Immunodominant Epitopes - Subunits of the antigenic determinant that are most easily recognized by the immune system and thus ...

Immunoelectrophoresis - A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure prot...

Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional - Immunoelectrophoresis in which a second electrophoretic transport is performed on the initially sepa...

Immunoenzyme Techniques - Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conju...

Immunogenetic Phenomena - GENETIC PHENOMENA characterizing IMMUNITY and the immune response....

Immunogenetic Processes - GENETIC PROCESSES involved in establishing immunity....

Immunogenetics - A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the genetic basis of the immune response (IMMUNITY)....

Immunoglobulin A - Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dim...

Immunoglobulin A, Secretory - The principle immunoglobulin in exocrine secretions such as milk, respiratory and intestinal mucin, ...

Immunoglobulin Allotypes - Allelic variants of the immunoglobulin light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) or heavy chains (I...

Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains - The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN A. They have a molecular weight of approximately 5...

Immunoglobulin Class Switching - Gene rearrangement of the B-lymphocyte which results in a substitution in the type of heavy-chain co...

Immunoglobulin Constant Regions - The domains of the immunoglobulin molecules that are invariable in their amino acid sequence within ...

Immunoglobulin D - An immunoglobulin which accounts for less than 1% of plasma immunoglobulin. It is found on the membr...

Immunoglobulin delta-Chains - The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN D. They have a molecular weight of approximately 6...

Immunoglobulin E - An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hyper...

Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains - The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN E. They have a molecular weight of approximately 7...

Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments - Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino ...

Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments - Crystallizable fragments composed of the carboxy-terminal halves of both IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS...

Immunoglobulin Fragments - Partial immunoglobulin molecules resulting from selective cleavage by proteolytic enzymes or generat...

Immunoglobulin G - The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses o...

Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains - Heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G having a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa. They contain abo...

Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes - Allelic variants of the gamma-immunoglobulin heavy chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN GAMMA-CHAINS) encoded by AL...

Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains - The largest of polypeptide chains comprising immunoglobulins. They contain 450 to 600 amino acid res...

Immunoglobulin Idiotypes - Unique, genetically controlled determinants present on ANTIBODIES whose specificity is limited to a ...

Immunoglobulin Isotypes - The classes of immunoglobulins found in any species of animal. In man there are nine classes that mi...

Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein - A ubiquitously expressed sequence-specific transcriptional repressor that is normally the target of ...

Immunoglobulin J-Chains - A 15 kD "joining" peptide that forms one of the linkages between monomers of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or IMM...

Immunoglobulin Joining Region - A segment of the immunoglobulin heavy chains, encoded by the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES in the...

Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains - One of the types of light chains of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 ...

Immunoglobulin Km Allotypes - Allelic variants of the kappa light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA-CHAINS) encoded by ALLELES of IMMUN...

Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains - One of the types of light chain subunits of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approxima...

Immunoglobulin Light Chains - Polypeptide chains, consisting of 211 to 217 amino acid residues and having a molecular weight of ap...

Immunoglobulin Light Chains, Surrogate - An immunolglobulin light chain-like protein composed of an IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION-like pepti...

Immunoglobulin M - A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The ...

Immunoglobulin mu-Chains - The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. They have a molecular weight of approximately 7...

Immunoglobulin Subunits - The PROTEIN SUBUNITS of the multimeric IMMUNOGLOBULIN proteins, such as IGA; IGD; IGE; IGG; and IGM....

Immunoglobulin Switch Region - A site located in the INTRONS at the 5' end of each constant region segment of a immunoglobulin heav...

Immunoglobulin Variable Region - That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, a...

Immunoglobulins - Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUN...

Immunoglobulins, Intravenous - Immunoglobulin preparations used in intravenous infusion, containing primarily IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. The...

Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating - Autoantibodies that bind to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (RECEPTORS, THYROTROPIN) ...

Immunohistochemistry - Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents....

Immunologic Capping - An energy dependent process following the crosslinking of B CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS by multivalent li...

Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes - Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or...

Immunologic Factors - Biologically active substances whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immu...

Immunologic Memory - The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which e...

Immunologic Surveillance - The theory that T-cells monitor cell surfaces and detect structural changes in the plasma membrane a...

Immunologic Techniques - Techniques involving the demonstration or measurement of an immune response, including antibody prod...

Immunologic Tests - Immunologic techniques involved in diagnosis....

Immunological Synapses - The interfaces between T-CELLS and ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS. Supramolecular organization of proteins...

Immunomagnetic Separation - A cell-separation technique where magnetizable microspheres or beads are first coated with monoclona...

Immunomodulation - Alteration of the immune system or of an immune response by agents that activate or suppress its fun...

Immunophenotyping - Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. Th...

Immunophilins - Members of a family of highly conserved proteins which are all cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerases ...

Immunoprecipitation - The aggregation of soluble ANTIGENS with ANTIBODIES, alone or with antibody binding factors such as ...

Immunoproliferative Disorders - Disorders characterized by abnormal proliferation of primary cells of the immune system or by excess...

Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease - A condition that is caused by HYPERPLASIA of LYMPHOCYTES in the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL) a...

Immunoproteins - Blood proteins whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system....

Immunoradiometric Assay - Form of radioimmunoassay in which excess specific labeled antibody is added directly to the test ant...

Immunosorbent Techniques - Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using ...

Immunosorbents - An insoluble support for an ANTIGEN or ANTIBODIES that is used in AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY to adsorb ...

Immunosuppression - Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the a...

Immunosuppressive Agents - Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic imm...

Immunotherapy - Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passiv...

Immunotherapy, Active - Active immunization where vaccine is administered for therapeutic or preventive purposes. This can i...

Immunotherapy, Adoptive - Form of adoptive transfer where cells with antitumor activity are transferred to the tumor-bearing h...

Immunotoxins - Semisynthetic conjugates of various toxic molecules, including RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES and bacterial or...

IMP Dehydrogenase - An enzyme that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of inosine 5'-phosphate to xanthosine 5'-phosphate in t...

Impatiens - A plant genus of subsucculent annual or perennial plants in the family BALSAMINACEAE, order Geranial...

Impetigo - A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic s...

Implants, Experimental - Artificial substitutes for body parts and materials inserted into organisms during experimental stud...

Implosive Therapy - A method for extinguishing anxiety by a saturation exposure to the feared stimulus situation or its ...

Impotence, Vasculogenic - Inability to achieve and maintain an erection (ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION) due to defects in the arterial ...

Imprinting (Psychology) - A particular kind of learning characterized by occurrence in very early life, rapidity of acquisitio...

Impromidine - A highly potent and specific histamine H2 receptor agonist. It has been used diagnostically as a gas...

Impulse Control Disorders - Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to per...

Impulsive Behavior - An act performed without delay, reflection, voluntary direction or obvious control in response to a ...

In Situ Hybridization - A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cel...

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence - A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their ...

In Situ Nick-End Labeling - An in situ method for detecting areas of DNA which are nicked during APOPTOSIS. Terminal deoxynucleo...

In Vitro - Studies using excised tissues....

Inappropriate ADH Syndrome - A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting...

Inbreeding - The mating of plants or non-human animals which are closely related genetically....

Incandescence - Emission of LIGHT by a substance as its temperature is raised. It is sometimes called hot light in c...

Incest - Sexual intercourse between persons so closely related that they are forbidden by law to marry....

Incidence - The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also ...

Incidental Findings - Unanticipated information discovered in the course of testing or medical care. Used in discussions ...

Incineration - High temperature destruction of waste by burning with subsequent reduction to ashes or conversion to...

Incisor - Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for ...

Inclusion Bodies - A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inacti...

Inclusion Bodies, Viral - An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some...

Income - Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital....

Income Tax - Tax on the net income of an individual, organization, or business....

Incontinence Pads - Absorbent pads used for URINARY INCONTINENCE and usually worn as underpants or pants liners by the E...

Incontinentia Pigmenti - A genodermatosis occurring mostly in females and characterized by skin changes in three phases - ves...

Incretins - Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient inge...

Incubators - Insulated enclosures in which temperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions can be regul...

Incubators, Infant - Electrically powered devices that are intended to assist in the maintenance of the thermal balance o...

Incunabula - Books printed before 1501....

Incunabula as Topic - Books printed before 1501....

Incus - One of three ossicles of the middle ear. It conducts sound vibrations from the MALLEUS to the STAPES...

Indans - Aryl CYCLOPENTANES that are a reduced (protonated) form of INDENES....

Indapamide - A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole. It is called a thiazide-like diuretic but structure is different eno...

INDEL Mutation - A mutation named with the blend of insertion and deletion. It refers to a length difference between ...

Indenes - A family of fused-ring hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar that act as intermediates in various chem...

Independent Living - A housing and community arrangement that maximizes independence and self-determination....

Independent Practice Associations - A partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity that enters into an arrangement for t...

Independent State of Samoa - An island group and constitutional monarchy in the southwest central Pacific Ocean. The capital is A...

Indexes - Works providing an analytical subject approach to materials in a field of knowledge....

Indian Ocean - A body of water covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the earth, extending ami...

Indian Ocean Islands - Numerous islands in the Indian Ocean situated east of Madagascar, north to the Arabian Sea and east ...

Indians, Central American - Individual members of Central American ethnic groups with ancient historic ancestral origins in Asia...

Indians, North American - Individual members of North American ethnic groups with ancient historic ancestral origins in Asia....

Indians, South American - Individual members of South American ethnic groups with historic ancestral origins in Asia....

Indican - A substance occurring in the urine of mammals and also in blood plasma as the normal metabolite of t...

Indicator Dilution Techniques - Methods for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of an indicator, such a...

Indicators and Reagents - Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathol...

Indigofera - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The common name of indigo also refers to Baptisia or Amorpha g...

Indigotindisulfonate Sodium - An indolesulfonic acid that is used as a dye in renal function testing and as a reagent for the dete...

Indinavir - A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability....

Indium - A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.82, symbol In. It is named from its blue lin...

Indium Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of indium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. In atoms with atomic weig...

Individuality - Those psychological characteristics which differentiate individuals from one another....

Individualized Medicine - Therapeutic approach tailoring therapy for genetically defined subgroups of patients....

Individuation - A process of differentiation having for its goal the development of the individual personality....

Indocyanine Green - A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood vol...

Indole Alkaloids - Group of alkaloids containing a benzylpyrrole group (derived from TRYPTOPHAN)...

Indole-3-Glycerol-Phosphate Synthase - An enzyme in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. EC 4.1.1.48....

Indoleacetic Acids - Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)...

Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase - A dioxygenase with specificity for the oxidation of the indoleamine ring of TRYPTOPHAN. It is an ext...

Indolequinones - INDOLES which have two keto groups forming QUINONES like structures of the indole aromatic ring....

Indoles - Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast...

Indolizidines - Saturated indolizines that are fused six and five-membered rings with a nitrogen atom at the ring fu...

Indomethacin - A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary fo...

Indonesia - A republic stretching from the Indian Ocean east to New Guinea, comprising six main islands: Java, S...

Indoprofen - A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions i...

Indoramin - A hypotensive agent with some anti-arrhythmic effects....

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - Cells from adult organisms that have been reprogrammed into a pluripotential state similar to that o...

Industrial Microbiology - The study, utilization, and manipulation of those microorganisms capable of economically producing d...

Industrial Oils - Oils which are used in industrial or commercial applications....

Industrial Waste - Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations. It repre...

Industry - The aggregate of manufacturing or technically productive enterprises in a particular field, often na...

Inert Gas Narcosis - Progressive mental disturbances and unconsciousness due to breathing mixtures of oxygen and inert ga...

Infant - A child between 1 and 23 months of age....

Infant Behavior - Any observable response or action of a neonate or infant up through the age of 23 months....

Infant Care - Care of infants in the home or institution....

Infant Equipment - Equipment and furniture used by infants and babies in the home, car, and play area....

Infant Food - Food processed and manufactured for the nutritional health of children in their first year of life....

Infant Formula - Liquid formulations for the nutrition of INFANTS, useful for those with special needs or MILK HYPERS...

Infant Mortality - Postnatal deaths from BIRTH to 365 days after birth in a given population. Postneonatal mortality re...

Infant Nutrition Disorders - Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition, occurring in infa...

Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - Nutritional physiology of children from birth to 2 years of age....

Infant Welfare - Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the infant...

Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight - An infant whose weight at birth is less than 1000 grams (2.2 lbs), regardless of gestational age....

Infant, Low Birth Weight - An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is a...

Infant, Newborn - An infant during the first month after birth....

Infant, Newborn, Diseases - Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of bi...

Infant, Postmature - An infant born at or after 42 weeks of gestation....

Infant, Premature - A human infant born before 37 weeks of GESTATION....

Infant, Small for Gestational Age - An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age....

Infant, Very Low Birth Weight - An infant whose weight at birth is less than 1500 grams (3.3 lbs), regardless of gestational age....

Infanticide - The killing of infants at birth or soon after....

Infarction - Formation of an infarct, which is NECROSIS in tissue due to local ISCHEMIA resulting from obstructio...

Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery - NECROSIS occurring in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY system, including branches such as Heubner's arte...

Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery - NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entir...

Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery - NECROSIS induced by ISCHEMIA in the POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which supplies por...

Infection - Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases....

Infection Control - Programs of disease surveillance, generally within health care facilities, designed to investigate, ...

Infection Control Practitioners - Physicians or other qualified individuals responsible for implementing and overseeing the policies a...

Infection Control, Dental - Efforts to prevent and control the spread of infections within dental health facilities or those inv...

Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine - A species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus equine lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, EQUINE), causing acute and chro...

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis - A herpesvirus infection of CATTLE characterized by INFLAMMATION and NECROSIS of the mucous membranes...

Infectious bronchitis virus - A species of CORONAVIRUS causing infections in chickens and possibly pheasants. Chicks up to four we...

Infectious bursal disease virus - A species of AVIBIRNAVIRUS causing severe inflammation of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens and oth...

Infectious Disease Incubation Period - The amount time between exposure to an infectious agent and becoming symptomatic....

Infectious Disease Medicine - A branch of internal medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of INFECTIOUS DISEASES....

Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional - The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from patients to health professionals or health ...

Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient - The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from health professional or health care worker t...

Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes tran...

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus - The type species of NOVIRHABDOVIRUS, in the family RHABDOVIRIDAE. It is a major pathogen of TROUT an...

Infectious Mononucleosis - A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is ...

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus - The type species of AQUABIRNAVIRUS, causing infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish and othe...

Inferior Colliculi - The posterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which contain centers for auditory function....

Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction - MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION in which the inferior wall of the heart is involved. It is often caused by occ...

Infertility - Inability to reproduce after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Reproductive sterility i...

Infertility, Female - Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception....

Infertility, Male - The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected...

Inflammation - A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cyto...

Inflammation Mediators - The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds inclu...

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environ...

Inflation, Economic - An increase in the volume of money and credit relative to available goods resulting in a substantial...

Inflorescence - A cluster of FLOWERS (as opposed to a solitary flower) arranged on a main stem of a plant....

Influenza A virus - The type species of the genus INFLUENZAVIRUS A that causes influenza and other diseases in humans an...

Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1...

Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 2...

Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 2 and neuraminidase 2...

Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 3 and neuraminidase 2...

Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 3 and neuraminidase 8...

Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1...

Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 2...

Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 7 and neuraminidase 7...

Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 9 and neuraminidase 2...

Influenza B virus - Species of the genus INFLUENZAVIRUS B that cause HUMAN INFLUENZA and other diseases primarily in hum...

Influenza in Birds - Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually ...

Influenza Vaccines - Vaccines used to prevent infection by viruses in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. It includes both kille...

Influenza, Human - An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of ...

Influenzavirus A - A genus in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE causing influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. I...

Influenzavirus B - A genus of the family ORTHOMYXOVIRUS causing HUMAN INFLUENZA and other diseases primarily in humans....

Influenzavirus C - A genus of the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE comprising viruses similar to types A and B but less common, ...

Informatics - The field of information science concerned with the analysis and dissemination of data through the a...

Information Centers - Facilities for collecting and organizing information. They may be specialized by subject field, type...

Information Dissemination - The circulation or wide dispersal of information....

Information Management - Management of the acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information. (...

Information Science - The field of knowledge, theory, and technology dealing with the collection of facts and figures, and...

Information Seeking Behavior - How information is gathered in personal, academic or work environments and the resources used....

Information Services - Organized services to provide information on any questions an individual might have using databases ...

Information Storage and Retrieval - A branch of computer or library science relating to the storage, locating, searching, and selecting,...

Information Systems - Integrated set of files, procedures, and equipment for the storage, manipulation, and retrieval of i...

Information Theory - An interdisciplinary study dealing with the transmission of messages or signals, or the communicatio...

Informed Consent - Voluntary authorization, by a patient or research subject, with full comprehension of the risks invo...

Infrared Rays - That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum usually sensed as heat. Infrared wavelengths are longer...

Infratentorial Neoplasms - Intracranial tumors originating in the region of the brain inferior to the tentorium cerebelli, whic...

Infusion Pumps - Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (...

Infusion Pumps, Implantable - Implanted fluid propulsion systems with self-contained power source for providing long-term controll...

Infusions, Intra-Arterial - Regional infusion of drugs via an arterial catheter. Often a pump is used to impel the drug through ...

Infusions, Intralesional - The administration of medication or fluid directly into localized lesions, by means of gravity flow ...

Infusions, Intraosseous - The administration of medication or fluid through a needle directly into the bone marrow. The techni...

Infusions, Intravenous - The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, eithe...

Infusions, Parenteral - The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the ...

Infusions, Subcutaneous - The administration of liquid medication or nutrients under the skin, usually over minutes or hours....

Inguinal Canal - The tunnel in the lower anterior ABDOMINAL WALL through which the SPERMATIC CORD, in the male; ROUND...

Inhalation - The act of BREATHING in....

Inhalation Exposure - The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them....

Inhalation Spacers - A variety of devices used in conjunction with METERED DOSE INHALERS. Their purpose is to hold the re...

Inheritance Patterns - The different ways GENES and their ALLELES interact during the transmission of genetic traits that e...

Inhibin-beta Subunits - They are glycopeptides and subunits in INHIBINS and ACTIVINS. Inhibins and activins belong to the tr...

Inhibins - Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted b...

Inhibition (Psychology) - The interference with or prevention of a behavioral or verbal response even though the stimulus for ...

Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins - A conserved class of proteins that control APOPTOSIS in both VERTEBRATES and INVERTEBRATES. IAP prot...

Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 - A negative regulator of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that blocks activation of CYCLI...

Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 - A negative regulator of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. It plays a role in regulating ...

Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins - Inhibitor of differentiation proteins are negative regulators of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTIO...

Inhibitory Concentration 50 - The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryoti...

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials - Hyperpolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during NEUROTRA...

Injections, Epidural - The injection of drugs, most often analgesics, into the spinal canal without puncturing the dura mat...

Injections, Intradermal - The forcing into the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle, pi...

Injections, Intralesional - Injections introduced directly into localized lesions....

Injections, Intralymphatic - Injections into the lymph nodes or the lymphatic system....

Injections, Intramuscular - Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollo...

Injections, Intraocular - The administration of substances into the eye with a hypodermic syringe....

Injections, Intraperitoneal - Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid th...

Injections, Intravenous - Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes....

Injections, Intraventricular - Injections into the cerebral ventricles....

Injections, Jet - The injection of solutions into the skin by compressed air devices so that only the solution pierces...

Injections, Subcutaneous - Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a holl...

Injury Severity Score - An anatomic severity scale based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and developed specifically to...

Ink Blot Tests - Projective tests utilizing ink blots to which a subject responds. They are used in personality diagn...

Inlay Casting Wax - A mixture of several dental waxes, usually containing paraffin wax, ceresin, beeswax, resins, and ot...

Inlays - Restorations of metal, porcelain, or plastic made to fit a cavity preparation, then cemented into th...

Inorganic Chemicals - A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as...

Inorganic Pyrophosphatase - An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of diphosphate (DIPHOSPHATES) into inorganic phosphate. The...

Inosine - A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It i...

Inosine Diphosphate - An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety....

Inosine Monophosphate - Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate g...

Inosine Pranobex - An alkylamino-alcohol complex of inosine used in the treatment of a variety of viral infections. Unl...

Inosine Triphosphate - Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups est...

Inositol - An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an unc...

Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate - Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosp...

Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors - Intracellular receptors that bind to INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE and play an important role in its ...

Inositol Oxygenase - A non-heme IRON enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of MYOINOSITOL to D-glucuronic acid. The reacti...

Inositol Phosphates - Phosphoric acid esters of inositol. They include mono- and polyphosphoric acid esters, with the exce...

Inoviridae - A family of rod-shaped or filamentous bacteriophages consisting of single-stranded DNA. There are tw...

Inovirus - A genus of filamentous bacteriophages of the family INOVIRIDAE. Organisms of this genus infect enter...

Inpatients - Persons admitted to health facilities which provide board and room, for the purpose of observation, ...

Insanity Defense - A legal concept that an accused is not criminally responsible if, at the time of committing the act,...

Insect Bites and Stings - Bites and stings inflicted by insects....

Insect Control - The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through ...

Insect Hormones - Hormones secreted by insects. They influence their growth and development. Also synthetic substances...

Insect Proteins - Proteins found in any species of insect....

Insect Repellents - Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food....

Insect Vectors - Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to...

Insect Viruses - Viruses infecting insects, the largest family being BACULOVIRIDAE....

Insecticide Resistance - The development by insects of resistance to insecticides....

Insecticides - Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful,...

Insecticide-Treated Bednets - Light weight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester (nylon), or other material impregnated ...

Insectivora - An order of insect eating MAMMALS including MOLES; SHREWS; HEDGEHOGS and tenrecs....

Insects - Insects are a class, Insecta, of Arthropoda whose members are characterized by division into three p...

Insemination - The deposit of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION....

Insemination, Artificial - Artificial introduction of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION....

Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous - Human artificial insemination in which the semen used is that of a man other than the woman's husban...

Insemination, Artificial, Homologous - Human artificial insemination in which the husband's semen is used....

Inservice Training - On the job training programs for personnel carried out within an institution or agency. It includes ...

Insomnia, Fatal Familial - An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by degeneration of the THALAMUS and progressive insomni...

Inspiratory Capacity - The maximum volume of air that can be inspired after reaching the end of a normal, quiet expiration....

Inspiratory Reserve Volume - The extra volume of air that can be inspired with maximal effort after reaching the end of a normal,...

Instillation, Drug - The administration of therapeutic agents drop by drop, as eye drops, ear drops, or nose drops. It is...

Instinct - Stereotyped patterns of response, characteristic of a given species, that have been phylogenetically...

Institute of Medicine (U.S.) - Identifies, for study and analysis, important issues and problems that relate to health and medicine...

Institutional Management Teams - Administrator-selected management groups who are responsible for making decisions pertaining to the ...

Institutional Practice - Professional practice as an employee or contractee of a health care institution....

Institutionalization - The caring for individuals in institutions and their adaptation to routines characteristic of the in...

Instruction - Works consisting of nonfiction films and video designed to teach, instruct, or train. (From Moving I...

Insufflation - The act of blowing a powder, vapor, or gas into any body cavity for experimental, diagnostic, or the...

Insulator Elements - Nucleic acid regulatory sequences that limit or oppose the action of ENHANCER ELEMENTS and define th...

Insulin - A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, ...

Insulin Antagonists - Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or action of insulin....

Insulin Antibodies - Antibodies specific to INSULIN....

Insulin Coma - Severe HYPOGLYCEMIA induced by a large dose of exogenous INSULIN resulting in a COMA or profound sta...

Insulin Infusion Systems - Portable or implantable devices for infusion of insulin. Includes open-loop systems which may be pat...

Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins - A structurally-related group of signaling proteins that are phosphorylated by the INSULIN RECEPTOR P...

Insulin Resistance - Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units o...

Insulin, Long-Acting - Insulin formulation containing substance which delays or retards time period of the absorption of in...

Insulin, NPH - An intermediate-acting INSULIN preparation with onset time of 2 hours and duration of 24 hours. It i...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 - One of the six homologous proteins that specifically bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS)...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 - One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and ...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 - One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and ...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 - One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and ...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 - One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and ...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6 - One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and ...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins - A family of soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors and modulate their biological act...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the bloo...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor II - A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the LIVER and to circulate in the BL...

Insulinoma - A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLY...

Insulin-Secreting Cells - A type of pancreatic cell representing about 50-80% of the islet cells. Beta cells secrete INSULIN....

Insulysin - An enzyme the catalyzes the degradation of insulin, glucagon and other polypeptides. It is inhibited...

Insurance - Coverage by contract whereby one part indemnifies or guarantees another against loss by a specified ...

Insurance Benefits - Payments or services provided under stated circumstances under the terms of an insurance policy. In ...

Insurance Carriers - Organizations which assume the financial responsibility for the risks of policyholders....

Insurance Claim Reporting - The design, completion, and filing of forms with the insurer....

Insurance Claim Review - Review of claims by insurance companies to determine liability and amount of payment for various ser...

Insurance Coverage - Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for ...

Insurance Pools - An organization of insurers or reinsurers through which particular types of risk are shared or poole...

Insurance Selection Bias - Adverse of favorable selection bias exhibited by insurers or enrollees resulting in disproportionate...

Insurance, Accident - Insurance providing coverage for physical injury suffered as a result of unavoidable circumstances....

Insurance, Dental - Insurance providing coverage for dental care....

Insurance, Disability - Insurance designed to compensate persons who lose wages because of illness or injury; insurance prov...

Insurance, Health - Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is...

Insurance, Health, Reimbursement - Payment by a third-party payer in a sum equal to the amount expended by a health care provider or fa...

Insurance, Hospitalization - Health insurance providing benefits to cover or partly cover hospital expenses....

Insurance, Liability - Insurance against loss resulting from liability for injury or damage to the persons or property of o...

Insurance, Life - Insurance providing for payment of a stipulated sum to a designated beneficiary upon death of the in...

Insurance, Long-Term Care - Health insurance to provide full or partial coverage for long-term home care services or for long-te...

Insurance, Major Medical - Insurance providing a broad range of medical services and supplies, when prescribed by a physician, ...

Insurance, Medigap - A supplemental health insurance policy sold by private insurance companies and designed to pay for h...

Insurance, Nursing Services - Insurance providing benefits for the costs of care provided by nurses, especially nurse practitioner...

Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services - Insurance providing for payment of services rendered by the pharmacist. Services include the prepara...

Insurance, Physician Services - Insurance providing benefits for the costs of care by a physician which can be comprehensive or limi...

Insurance, Psychiatric - Insurance providing benefits to cover part or all of the psychiatric care....

Insurance, Surgical - A specific type of health insurance which provides surgeons' fees for specified amounts according to...

Integrase Inhibitors - Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of integrase....

Integrases - Recombinases that insert exogenous DNA into the host genome. Examples include proteins encoded by th...

Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems - A concept, developed in 1983 under the aegis of and supported by the National Library of Medicine un...

Integration Host Factors - Bacterial proteins that are used by BACTERIOPHAGES to incorporate their DNA into the DNA of the "hos...

Integrative Medicine - The discipline concerned with using the combination of conventional (allopathic) medicine and ALTERN...

Integrin alpha Chains - The alpha subunits of integrin heterodimers (INTEGRINS), which mediate ligand specificity. There are...

Integrin alpha1 - An integrin alpha subunit that binds COLLAGEN and LAMININ though its I domain. It combines with INTE...

Integrin alpha1beta1 - Integrin alpha1beta1 functions as a receptor for LAMININ and COLLAGEN. It is widely expressed durin...

Integrin alpha2 - An integrin alpha subunit that primarily combines with INTEGRIN BETA1 to form the INTEGRIN ALPHA2BET...

Integrin alpha2beta1 - An integrin found on fibroblasts, platelets, endothelial and epithelial cells, and lymphocytes where...

Integrin alpha3 - An integrin alpha subunit that occurs as alternatively spliced isoforms. The isoforms are differenti...

Integrin alpha3beta1 - Cell surface receptor for LAMININ, epiligrin, FIBRONECTINS, entactin, and COLLAGEN. Integrin alpha3...

Integrin alpha4 - An integrin alpha subunit that is unique in that it does not contain an I domain, and its proteolyti...

Integrin alpha4beta1 - Integrin alpha4beta1 is a FIBRONECTIN and VCAM-1 receptor present on LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; EOSINOP...

Integrin alpha5 - This integrin alpha subunit combines with INTEGRIN BETA1 to form a receptor (INTEGRIN ALPHA5BETA1) t...

Integrin alpha5beta1 - An integrin found in FIBROBLASTS; PLATELETS; MONOCYTES, and LYMPHOCYTES. Integrin alpha5beta1 is the...

Integrin alpha6 - An integrin alpha subunit that primarily associates with INTEGRIN BETA1 or INTEGRIN BETA4 to form la...

Integrin alpha6beta1 - A cell surface receptor mediating cell adhesion to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and to other cells via b...

Integrin alpha6beta4 - This intrgrin is a key component of HEMIDESMOSOMES and is required for their formation and maintenan...

Integrin alphaV - An alpha integrin with a molecular weight of 160-kDa that is found in a variety of cell types. It u...

Integrin alphaVbeta3 - An integrin that binds to a variety of plasma and extracellular matrix proteins containing the conse...

Integrin alphaXbeta2 - A major adhesion-associated heterodimer molecule expressed by MONOCYTES; GRANULOCYTES; NK CELLS; and...

Integrin beta Chains - Integrin beta chains combine with integrin alpha chains to form heterodimeric cell surface receptors...

Integrin beta3 - An integrin beta subunit of approximately 85-kDa in size which has been found in INTEGRIN ALPHAIIB-c...

Integrin beta4 - Also known as CD104 antigen, this protein is distinguished from other beta integrins by its relative...

Integrins - A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodim...

Integrons - DNA elements that include the component genes and insertion site for a site-specific recombination s...

Integumentary System - The outer covering of the body composed of the SKIN and the skin appendages, which are the HAIR, the...

Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena - The properties and relationships and biological processes that characterize the nature and function ...

Inteins - The internal fragments of precursor proteins (INternal proTEINS) that are autocatalytically removed ...

Intellectual Property - Property, such as patents, trademarks, and copyright, that results from creative effort. The Patent ...

Intelligence - The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving ab...

Intelligence Tests - Standardized tests that measure the present general ability or aptitude for intellectual performance...

Intensive Care - Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are l...

Intensive Care Units - Hospital units providing continuous surveillance and care to acutely ill patients....

Intensive Care Units, Neonatal - Hospital units providing continuing surveillance and care to acutely ill newborn infants....

Intensive Care Units, Pediatric - Hospital units providing continuous surveillance and care to acutely ill infants and children. Neona...

Intensive Care, Neonatal - Continuous care and monitoring of newborn infants with life-threatening conditions, in any setting....

Intention - What a person has in mind to do or bring about....

Intention to Treat Analysis - Strategy for the analysis of RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC that compares patients in the gro...

Interactive Tutorial - Consisting of video recordings or other files that reveal material selectively according to user gui...

Intercalating Agents - Agents that are capable of inserting themselves between the successive bases in DNA, thus kinking, u...

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - A cell-surface ligand involved in leukocyte adhesion and inflammation. Its production is induced by ...

Intercellular Junctions - Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved b...

Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE C...

Intercostal Muscles - Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of ...

Intercostal Nerves - The ventral rami of the thoracic nerves from segments T1 through T11. The intercostal nerves supply ...

Interdepartmental Relations - The interactions between representatives of institutional departments....

Interdisciplinary Communication - Communication, in the sense of cross-fertilization of ideas, involving two or more academic discipli...

Interferometry - Measurement of distances or movements by means of the phenomena caused by the interference of two ra...

Interferon Alfa-2a - A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acids with lysine at position 23 and histidine...

Interferon Alfa-2b - A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acid residues with arginine in position 23 and...

Interferon Alfa-2c - A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acids with arginine at positions 23 and 34. It...

Interferon Inducers - Agents that promote the production and release of interferons. They include mitogens, lipopolysaccha...

Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 - An interferon regulatory factor that binds upstream TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY ELEMENTS in the GENES...

Interferon Regulatory Factor-2 - An interferon regulatory factor that represses transcription of TYPE I INTERFERONS and activates tra...

Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 - An interferon regulatory factor that is expressed constitutively and undergoes POST-TRANSLATIONAL MO...

Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 - An interferon regulatory factor that is induced by INTERFERONS as well as LMP-1 protein from EPSTEIN...

Interferon Regulatory Factors - A family of transcription factors that share an N-terminal HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF and bind INTERFERO...

Interferon Type I - Interferon secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon...

Interferon Type I, Recombinant - A type I interferon with antiviral and antineoplastic activity produced by recombinant DNA technolog...

Interferon-alpha - One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In ad...

Interferon-beta - One of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactiva...

Interferon-gamma - The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is struct...

Interferon-gamma, Recombinant - A type II interferon produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is similar to the interferon secrete...

Interferons - Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resista...

Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 - A multimeric complex that functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. ISGF3 is assembled i...

Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, alpha Subunit - A heterodimeric complex of STAT1 PROTEIN and STAT2 PROTEIN that interacts with ISGF3GAMMA and is a s...

Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit - An interferon regulatory factor that recruits STAT1 PROTEIN and STAT2 PROTEIN heterodimers to interf...

Intergenerational Relations - The interactions between individuals of different generations. These interactions include communicat...

Interinstitutional Relations - The interactions between representatives of institutions, agencies, or organizations....

Interior Design and Furnishings - The planning of the furnishings and decorations of an architectural interior....

Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein - A ligand that binds to but fails to activate the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR. It plays an inhibitory role...

Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit - An interleukin receptor subunit that was originally discovered as a component of the INTERLEUKIN 2 R...

Interleukin-1 - A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes a...

Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein - A protein that takes part in the formation of active interleukin-1 receptor complex. It binds specif...

Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases - A family of intracellular signaling kinases that were identified by their ability to signal from the...

Interleukin-10 - A cytokine produced by a variety of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS;...

Interleukin-10 Receptor alpha Subunit - A subunit of the interleukin-10 receptor. It plays a role in receptor signaling by associating with ...

Interleukin-10 Receptor beta Subunit - A subunit of the interleukin-10 receptor. It plays a role in receptor signaling by associating with ...

Interleukin-11 - A lymphohematopoietic cytokine that plays a role in regulating the proliferation of ERYTHROID PRECUR...

Interleukin-11 Receptor alpha Subunit - A low affinity interleukin-11 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130 to for...

Interleukin-12 - A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-12 i...

Interleukin-12 Receptor beta 1 Subunit - A subunit of the interleukin-12 receptor. It plays a role in receptor signaling by associating with ...

Interleukin-12 Receptor beta 2 Subunit - A subunit of the interleukin-12 receptor. It plays a role in receptor signaling by associating with ...

Interleukin-12 Subunit p35 - A subunit of interleukin-12. It binds to the INTERLEUKIN-12 SUBUNIT P40 via a disulfide bond that re...

Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 - A cytokine subunit that is a component of both interleukin-12 and interleukin-23. It binds to the IN...

Interleukin-13 - A cytokine synthesized by T-LYMPHOCYTES that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switchin...

Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit - An interleukin receptor subunit with specificity for INTERLEUKIN-13. It dimerizes with the INTERLEUK...

Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit - An interleukin-13 receptor subunit that is closely-related to the INTERLEUKIN-13 RECEPTOR ALPHA1 SUB...

Interleukin-15 - Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and shares biological activities with IL...

Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha Subunit - A low affinity interleukin-15 receptor subunit that combines with the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SU...

Interleukin-16 - A cytokine produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that stimulates the migration of CD4-POSITIVE LYMPHOC...

Interleukin-17 - A proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T-LYMPHOCYTES or their precursors. Several subtypes...

Interleukin-18 - A cytokine which resembles IL-1 structurally and IL-12 functionally. It enhances the cytotoxic activ...

Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit - A subunit of the interleukin-18 receptor that is responsible of extracellular binding of IL-18....

Interleukin-18 Receptor beta Subunit - A subunit of the interleukin-18 receptor that plays a role in receptor signaling by association of i...

Interleukin-1alpha - An interleukin-1 subtype that occurs as a membrane-bound pro-protein form that is cleaved by proteas...

Interleukin-1beta - An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic ...

Interleukin-2 - A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA syn...

Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit - A low affinity interleukin-2 receptor subunit that combines with the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SUB...

Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit - A receptor subunit that is a shared component of the INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR and the INTERLEUKIN-15 R...

Interleukin-21 Receptor alpha Subunit - An interleukin-21 receptor subunit that combines with the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA SUBUNIT ...

Interleukin-23 - A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-23 i...

Interleukin-23 Subunit p19 - A subunit of interleukin-23. It combines with INTERLEUKIN-12 SUBUNIT P40, which is shared between th...

Interleukin-3 - A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by LYMPHOCYTES; EPITHELIAL CELLS; and ASTROCYTES which st...

Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit - A low affinity interleukin-3 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA S...

Interleukin-4 - A soluble factor produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that induces the expression of MHC CLASS II GEN...

Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit - A receptor subunit that is a component of the TYPE I INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR and the TYPE II INTERLEU...

Interleukin-5 - A cytokine that promotes differentiation and activation of EOSINOPHILS. It also triggers activated B...

Interleukin-5 Receptor alpha Subunit - A low affinity interleukin-5 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA S...

Interleukin-6 - A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth fact...

Interleukin-6 Receptor alpha Subunit - A low affinity interleukin-6 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130 to form...

Interleukin-7 - A cytokine produced by bone marrow stromal cells that promotes the growth of B-LYMPHOCYTE precursors...

Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit - A low affinity interleukin-7 receptor subunit that combines with the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAM...

Interleukin-8 - A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory r...

Interleukin-9 - A multifunctional cytokine secreted by primarily by activated TH2 CELLS that may play a role as a re...

Interleukins - Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types....

Intermediate Care Facilities - Institutions which provide health-related care and services to individuals who do not require the de...

Intermediate Filament Proteins - Filaments 7-11 nm in diameter found in the cytoplasm of all cells. Many specific proteins belong to ...

Intermediate Filaments - Cytoplasmic filaments intermediate in diameter (about 10 nanometers) between the microfilaments and ...

Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels - A major class of calcium-activated potassium channels that were originally discovered in ERYTHROCYTE...

Intermittent Claudication - A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exerci...

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices - Instruments that generate intermittent forces, uniformed or graduated, to facilitate the emptying of...

Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing - Application of positive pressure to the inspiratory phase of spontaneous respiration....

Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation - Application of positive pressure to the inspiratory phase when the patient has an artificial airway ...

Internal Capsule - White matter pathway, flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of both afferent and efferent fibers pro...

Internal Fixators - Internal devices used in osteosynthesis to hold the position of the fracture in proper alignment. By...

Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis - Direct myocardial revascularization in which the internal mammary artery is anastomosed to the right...

Internal Medicine - A medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the internal organ sys...

Internal-External Control - Personality construct referring to an individual's perception of the locus of events as determined i...

International Agencies - International organizations which provide health-related or other cooperative services....

International Classification of Diseases - A system of categories to which morbid entries are assigned according to established criteria. Inclu...

International Cooperation - The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a com...

International Council of Nurses - An international professional organization composed of one association per country for the purpose o...

International Educational Exchange - The exchange of students or professional personnel between countries done under the auspices of an o...

International Normalized Ratio - System established by the World Health Organization and the International Committee on Thrombosis an...

International System of Units - A system of physical units in which the fundamental quantities are length, time, mass, electric curr...

Internationality - The quality or state of relating to or affecting two or more nations. (After Merriam-Webster Collegi...

Internet - A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up...

Interneurons - Most generally any neurons which are not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons wh...

Internship and Residency - Programs of training in medicine and medical specialties offered by hospitals for graduates of medic...

Internship, Nonmedical - Advanced programs of training to meet certain professional requirements in fields other than medicin...

Interpersonal Relations - The reciprocal interaction of two or more persons....

Interphase - The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually...

Interpleural Analgesia - Injection of ANALGESICS; LOCAL ANESTHETICS; or NARCOTICS into the PLEURAL CAVITY between the two ple...

Interprofessional Relations - The reciprocal interaction of two or more professional individuals....

Interrenal Gland - Structures in fishes homologous to the cortical tissue of the mammalian adrenal gland; they are in c...

Interspersed Repetitive Sequences - Copies of transposable elements interspersed throughout the genome, some of which are still active a...

Interstitial Cells of Cajal - c-Kit positive cells related to smooth muscle cells that are intercalated between the autonomic nerv...

Intertrigo - A superficial dermatitis occurring on skin surfaces in contact with each other, such as the axillae,...

Intervention Studies - Epidemiologic investigations designed to test a hypothesized cause-effect relation by modifying the ...

Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis - The dissolving of the nucleus pulposus, the semi-gelatinous tissue of a displaced INTERVERTEBRAL DIS...

Intervertebral Disk Degeneration - Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK due to aging or structural damage, especially to the...

Intervertebral Disk Displacement - An intervertebral disk in which the nucleus pulposus has protruded through surrounding fibrocartilag...

Interview - Work consisting of a conversation with an individual regarding his or her background and other perso...

Interview, Psychological - A directed conversation aimed at eliciting information for psychiatric diagnosis, evaluation, treatm...

Interviews as Topic - Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their back...

Intestinal Absorption - Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES....

Intestinal Atresia - Congenital obliteration of the lumen of the intestine, with the ILEUM involved in 50% of the cases a...

Intestinal Diseases - Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM....

Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic - Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with rou...

Intestinal Fistula - An abnormal anatomical passage between the INTESTINE, and another segment of the intestine or other ...

Intestinal Mucosa - Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer M...

Intestinal Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES....

Intestinal Obstruction - Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL....

Intestinal Perforation - Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES....

Intestinal Polyposis - The growth of INTESTINAL POLYPS. Growth processes include neoplastic (ADENOMA and CARCINOMA) and non...

Intestinal Polyps - Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached t...

Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction - A type of ILEUS, a functional not mechanical obstruction of the INTESTINES. This syndrome is caused ...

Intestinal Volvulus - A twisting in the intestine (INTESTINES) that can cause INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION....

Intestine, Large - A segment of the LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that includes the CECUM; the COLON; and the RECTUM....

Intestine, Small - The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE...

Intestines - The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTEST...

Intra-Abdominal Fat - Fatty tissue inside the ABDOMINAL CAVITY, including visceral fat and retroperitoneal fat. It is the ...

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping - Counterpulsation in which a pumping unit synchronized with the patient's electrocardiogram rapidly f...

Intra-Articular Fractures - Fractures of the articular surface of a bone....

Intracellular Calcium-Sensing Proteins - Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins that bind to CALCIUM. They undergo allosteric changes ...

Intracellular Fluid - The fluid inside CELLS....

Intracellular Membranes - Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They incl...

Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are pe...

Intracellular Space - The area within CELLS....

Intracranial Aneurysm - Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry)...

Intracranial Arterial Diseases - Pathological conditions involving ARTERIES in the skull, such as arteries supplying the CEREBRUM, th...

Intracranial Arteriosclerosis - Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKUL...

Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations - Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery a...

Intracranial Embolism - Blocking of a blood vessel in the SKULL by an EMBOLUS which can be a blood clot (THROMBUS) or other ...

Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis - Embolism or thrombosis involving blood vessels which supply intracranial structures. Emboli may orig...

Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive - Bleeding within the SKULL that is caused by systemic HYPERTENSION, usually in association with INTRA...

Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic - Bleeding within the SKULL induced by penetrating and nonpenetrating traumatic injuries, including he...

Intracranial Hemorrhages - Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. T...

Intracranial Hypertension - Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDR...

Intracranial Hypotension - Reduction of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID pressure characterized clinically by HEADACHE which is maximal in a...

Intracranial Pressure - Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dyna...

Intracranial Thrombosis - Formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in a blood vessel within the SKULL. Intracranial th...

Intradermal Tests - Skin tests in which the sensitizer is injected....

Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei - Cell groups within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus. They include a rostral division co...

Intramolecular Lyases - Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze reactions in which a group can be regarded as eliminate...

Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the oxidation of one part of a molecule with a correspo...

Intramolecular Transferases - Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl-, phospho-, amino- or other groups...

Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies - Circumscribed masses of foreign or metabolically inactive materials, within the CELL NUCLEUS. Some a...

Intranuclear Space - The area within the CELL NUCLEUS....

Intraocular Pressure - The pressure of the fluids in the eye....

Intraoperative Care - Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It ...

Intraoperative Complications - Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the diseas...

Intraoperative Period - The period during a surgical operation....

Intrauterine Device Expulsion - Spontaneous loss of INTRAUTERINE DEVICES from the UTERUS....

Intrauterine Devices - Contraceptive devices placed high in the uterine fundus with a string extending from the device thro...

Intrauterine Devices, Copper - Intrauterine contraceptive devices that depend on the release of metallic copper....

Intrauterine Devices, Medicated - Intrauterine devices that release contraceptive agents....

Intrinsic Factor - A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VI...

Introductory Journal Article - Prefactory summary to a special issue or section of a journal devoted to a specific topic. This intr...

Introns - Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with th...

Introversion (Psychology) - A state in which attention is largely directed inward upon one's self....

Intubation - Introduction of a tube into a hollow organ to restore or maintain patency if obstructed. It is diffe...

Intubation, Gastrointestinal - The insertion of a tube into the stomach, intestines, or other portion of the gastrointestinal tract...

Intuition - Knowing or understanding without conscious use of reasoning. (Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1994)...

Intussusception - A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoinin...

Inuits - Inuktitut-speakers generally associated with the northern polar region....

Inula - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain INULIN, alantol, helenin, alantic acid, and ...

Inulin - A starch found in the tubers and roots of many plants. Since it is hydrolyzable to FRUCTOSE, it is c...

Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis - Lung infections with the invasive forms of ASPERGILLUS, usually after surgery, transplantation, prol...

Inventories, Hospital - Materials and equipment in stock; includes drugs in pharmacies, blood in blood banks, etc....

Invertebrate Hormones - Hormones produced by invertebrates, usually insects, mollusks, annelids, and helminths....

Invertebrates - Animals that have no spinal column....

Inverted Repeat Sequences - Copies of nucleic acid sequence that are arranged in opposing orientation. They may lie adjacent to ...

Investigational New Drug Application - An application that must be submitted to a regulatory agency (the FDA in the United States) before a...

Investigative Techniques - Investigative techniques used in pre-clinical and clinical research, epidemiology, chemistry, immuno...

Investments - Use for articles on the investing of funds for income or profit....

Iodamide - An ionic monomeric contrast medium. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)...

Iodates - Inorganic salts of iodic acid (HIO3)....

Iodide Peroxidase - A hemeprotein that catalyzes the oxidation of the iodide radical to iodine with the subsequent iodin...

Iodides - Inorganic binary compounds of iodine or the I- ion....

Iodine - A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number...

Iodine Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain iodine as an integral part of the molecule....

Iodine Isotopes - Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic wei...

Iodine Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weigh...

Iodipamide - A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography....

Iodized Oil - The mixture contains 38-42% organically combined iodine that is used as a diagnostic aid (radiopaque...

Iodoacetamide - An alkylating sulfhydryl reagent. Its actions are similar to those of iodoacetate....

Iodoacetates - Iodinated derivatives of acetic acid. Iodoacetates are commonly used as alkylating sulfhydryl reagen...

Iodoacetic Acid - Iodoacetic acid and its salts and derivatives. Iodoacetic acid reacts with cysteine (-SH) groups to ...

Iodobenzoates - Benzoic acid esters or salts substituted with one or more iodine atoms....

Iodocyanopindolol - A highly selective and specific beta antagonist that is used to characterize beta-adrenoceptors....

Iodohippuric Acid - An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodin...

Iodophors - Complexes of iodine and non-ionic SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS acting as carrier and solubilizing agent for...

Iodopyracet - An ionic monomeric contrast medium that was formerly used for a variety of diagnostic procedures. (F...

Iodopyridones - Iodinated pyridine derivatives that are often used as contrast media....

Iodoquinol - One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antia...

Iofetamine - An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily t...

Ioglycamic Acid - A radiopaque medium. It is a mixture of its meglumine and sodium salts and is used to visualize the ...

Iohexol - An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nep...

Ion Channel Gating - The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane ...

Ion Channels - Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for channel gating can be a...

Ion Exchange - Reversible chemical reaction between a solid, often one of the ION EXCHANGE RESINS, and a fluid wher...

Ion Exchange Resins - High molecular weight, insoluble polymers which contain functional groups that are capable of underg...

Ion Pumps - A general class of integral membrane proteins that transport ions across a membrane against an elect...

Ion Transport - The movement of ions across energy-transducing cell membranes. Transport can be active, passive or f...

Ionic Liquids - Salts that melt below 100 C. Their low VOLATILIZATION can be an advantage over volatile organic solv...

Ionomycin - A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular ...

Ionophores - Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specif...

Ions - An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative c...

Ion-Selective Electrodes - Electrodes which can be used to measure the concentration of particular ions in cells, tissues, or s...

Iontophoresis - Therapeutic introduction of ions of soluble salts into tissues by means of electric current. In medi...

Iopamidol - A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiogra...

Iopanoic Acid - Radiopaque medium used as diagnostic aid....

Iophendylate - A mixture of isomers used as contrast medium, mainly for brain and spinal cord visualization....

Iothalamate Meglumine - A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly visco...

Iothalamic Acid - A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is...

Ioxaglic Acid - A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures....

Ipecac - A syrup made from the dried rhizomes of two different species, CEPHAELIS ipecacuanha and C. acuminat...

Ipodate - Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the ...

Ipomoea - A plant genus in the family CONVOLVULACEAE best known for morning glories (a common name also used w...

Ipomoea batatas - A plant species of the genus IPOMOEA, family CONVOLVULACEAE. Some cultivars are sweet and edible whe...

Ipomoea nil - A plant species of the genus IPOMOEA, family CONVOLVULACEAE. An abundance of spontaneous mutants mak...

Ipratropium - A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effecti...

Iprindole - A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only...

Iproniazid - An irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase types A and B that is used as an antidepressive agent...

Ipronidazole - An antihistomonal agent with low toxicity. It also promotes growth and feed utilization in poultry....

Iraq War, 2003 - - An armed intervention involving multi-national forces in the country of IRAQ....

Iridaceae - A monocot plant family of the Liliopsida class. It is classified by some in the Liliales order and ...

Iridectomy - Surgical removal of a section of the iris....

Iridium - A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22....

Iridium Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic wei...

Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome - A grouping of three closely linked conditions: iris nevus (or Cogan-Reese) syndrome, Chandler Syndro...

Iridocyclitis - Acute or chronic inflammation of the iris and ciliary body characterized by exudates into the anteri...

Iridoids - A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but...

Iridoviridae - A family of large icosahedral DNA viruses infecting insects and poikilothermic vertebrates. Genera i...

Iridovirus - A genus of IRIDOVIRIDAE comprising small iridescent insect viruses. The infected larvae and purified...

Iris - The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It...

Iris Diseases - Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris....

Iris Neoplasms - Tumors of the iris characterized by increased pigmentation of melanocytes. Iris nevi are composed of...

Iris Plant - A plant genus of the family IRIDACEAE that contains IRIP, a type-1 ribosome-inactivating protein, an...

Iritis - Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipit...

Iron - A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essent...

Iron Carbonyl Compounds - Complex of iron atoms chelated with carbonyl ions....

Iron Chelating Agents - Organic chemicals that form two or more coordination links with an iron ion. Once coordination has o...

Iron Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain iron as an integral part of the molecule....

Iron Isotopes - Stable iron atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iron, but differ in atomic weight....

Iron Metabolism Disorders - Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization...

Iron Overload - An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from t...

Iron Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of iron that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Fe atoms with atomic weight...

Iron Regulatory Protein 1 - A multifunctional iron-sulfur protein that is both an iron regulatory protein and cytoplasmic form o...

Iron Regulatory Protein 2 - A multifunctional iron-sulfur protein that is both an iron regulatory protein and cytoplasmic form o...

Iron, Dietary - Iron or iron compounds used in foods or as food. Dietary iron is important in oxygen transport and t...

Iron-Binding Proteins - Proteins that specifically bind to IRON....

Iron-Dextran Complex - A complex of ferric oxyhydroxide with dextrans of 5000 to 7000 daltons in a viscous solution contain...

Iron-Regulatory Proteins - Proteins that regulate cellular and organismal iron homeostasis. They play an important biological r...

Iron-Sulfur Proteins - A group of proteins possessing only the iron-sulfur complex as the prosthetic group. These proteins ...

Irrigation - The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing solution which is inserted and then removed. Any ...

Irritable Bowel Syndrome - A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is...

Irritable Mood - Abnormal or excessive excitability with easily triggered anger, annoyance, or impatience....

Irritants - Drugs that act locally on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces to produce inflammation; those that cause re...

Isaacs Syndrome - A rare neuromuscular disorder with onset usually in late childhood or early adulthood, characterized...

Isatin - An indole-dione that is obtained by oxidation of indigo blue. It is a MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR an...

Isatis - A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that is an ingredient of the preparation PC-SPES that is us...

Isavirus - A genus in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE containing one species: Infectious salmon anemia virus....

Ischemia - A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstr...

Ischemic Attack, Transient - Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duratio...

Ischemic Contracture - A type of permanent damage to muscles and nerves that results from prolonged lack blood flow to thos...

Ischemic Preconditioning - A technique in which tissue is rendered resistant to the deleterious effects of prolonged ischemia a...

Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial - Exposure of myocardial tissue to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion in order to render th...

ISCOMs - A formulation for presenting an antigen to induce specific immunologic responses. It consists of an ...

Isethionic Acid - A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid....

Islam - A monotheistic religion promulgated by the Prophet Mohammed with Allah as the deity....

Islands of Calleja - Discrete clusters of pyramidal and polymorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior perforated s...

Islets of Langerhans - Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughou...

Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - The transference of pancreatic islets within an individual, between individuals of the same species,...

Isoamylase - An enzyme that hydrolyzes 1,6-alpha-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin, and their b...

Isoantibodies - Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species....

Isoantigens - Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. When an isoantigen is encoun...

Isoaspartic Acid - An ASPARTIC ACID residue in polypeptide chains that is linked at the beta-carboxyl group instead of ...

Isocarboxazid - An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and aty...

Isochores - Large regions of the GENOME that contain local similarities in BASE COMPOSITION....

Isochromosomes - Metacentric chromosomes produced during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS when the CENTROMERE splits transversely i...

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase - An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate and NAD+ to yield ...

Isocitrate Lyase - A key enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle. It catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to succinate and gly...

Isocoumarins - Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed...

Isocyanates - Organic compounds that contain the -NCO radical....

Isodesmosine - 2-(4-Amino-4-carboxybutyl)-1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-3,5-bis(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)pyridinium. A...

Isodon - A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE. Members contain ent-kaurene type DITERPENES....

Isoelectric Focusing - Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until the...

Isoelectric Point - The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum....

Isoenzymes - Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, b...

Isoetharine - Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma....

Isoflavones - 3-Phenylchromones. Isomeric form of FLAVONOIDS in which the benzene group is attached to the 3 posit...

Isoflurane - A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects....

Isoflurophate - A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate...

Isoindoles - Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number two carbon, in contrast to INDOLES which have the nitr...

Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium - Rare congenital cardiomyopathies characterized by the lack of left ventricular myocardium compaction...

Isoleucine - An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE....

Isoleucine-tRNA Ligase - An enzyme that activates isoleucine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.5....

Isomaltose - A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage....

Isomerases - A class of enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule to form a single ...

Isomerism - The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the co...

Isometric Contraction - Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length....

Isoniazid - Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tube...

Isonicotinic Acids - Heterocyclic acids that are derivatives of 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (isonicotinic acid)....

Isopentenyladenosine - N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the c...

Isopoda - One of the largest orders of mostly marine CRUSTACEA, containing over 10,000 species. Like AMPHIPODA...

Isopropyl Thiogalactoside - A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON....

Isoprostanes - A series of prostaglandin-like compounds that are produced by the attack of free-radical species on ...

Isoproterenol - Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal musc...

Isoptera - An order of insects, restricted mostly to the tropics, containing at least eight families. A few spe...

Isoquinolines - A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is...

Isosorbide - 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; ...

Isosorbide Dinitrate - A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but...

Isospora - A genus of protozoan parasites found in the intestines of birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, ...

Isosporiasis - Infection with parasitic protozoa of the genus ISOSPORA, producing intestinal disease. It is caused ...

Isothiocyanates - Organic compounds with the general formula R-NCS....

Isothiuronium - An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity....

Isotonic Contraction - Muscle contraction with negligible change in the force of contraction but shortening of the distance...

Isotonic Solutions - Solutions having the same osmotic pressure as blood serum, or another solution with which they are c...

Isotope Labeling - Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for article...

Isotopes - Atomic species differing in mass number but having the same atomic number. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical...

Isotretinoin - A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin d...

Isovaleryl-CoA Dehydrogenase - A mitochondrial flavoprotein, this enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA to 3-methy...

Isoxazoles - Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLE...

Isoxsuprine - A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its v...

Isradipine - A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is e...

Itraconazole - One of the triazole ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes resulting in ...

Ivermectin - A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), wh...

Ixodes - The largest genus of TICKS in the family IXODIDAE, containing over 200 species. Many infest humans a...

Ixodidae - A family of hardbacked TICKS, in the subclass ACARI. Genera include DERMACENTOR and IXODES among oth...

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