< Back

Health Terms starting with C

Common Health Terms | All Health Terms

2nd Letter:

- a C d e h i l n o p r t u y z

Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase - An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP and is activated by millimolar concentrations of eith...

CA1 Region, Hippocampal - One of four subsections of the hippocampus described by Lorente de No, located furthest from the DEN...

CA-125 Antigen - Carbohydrate antigen most commonly seen in tumors of the ovary and occasionally seen in breast, kidn...

CA-19-9 Antigen - Sialylated Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigen found in many adenocarcinomas of the digestive tra...

CA2 Region, Hippocampal - A subsection of the hippocampus, described by Lorente de No, that is located between the HIPPOCAMPUS...

CA3 Region, Hippocampal - A subsection of the hippocampus, described by Lorente de No, that is located between the HIPPOCAMPUS...

Cacao - A tree of the family Sterculiaceae (or Byttneriaceae), usually Theobroma cacao, or its seeds, which ...

Cachexia - General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease....

Caco-2 Cells - Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic ...

Cacodylic Acid - An arsenical that has been used as a dermatologic agent and as an herbicide....

Cactaceae - The cactus plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida. C...

CADASIL - A familial, cerebral arteriopathy mapped to chromosome 19q12, and characterized by the presence of g...

Cadaver - A dead body, usually a human body....

Cadaverine - A foul-smelling diamine formed by bacterial decarboxylation of lysine....

Cadherins - Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS ...

Cadmium - An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 114. It is a metal and ingesti...

Cadmium Chloride - A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is u...

Cadmium Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain cadmium as an integral part of the molecule....

Cadmium Poisoning - Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal synd...

Cadmium Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of cadmium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cd atoms with atomic wei...

Caenorhabditis - A genus of small free-living nematodes. Two species, CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS and C. briggsae are much...

Caenorhabditis elegans - A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies....

Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - Proteins from the nematode species CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. The proteins from this species are the su...

Caerulein - A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein i...

Caesalpinia - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The common name of "Bird-Of-Paradise" is also used for other ...

Cafe-au-Lait Spots - Light brown pigmented macules associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS and Albright's syndrome (see FIBROUS...

Caffeic Acids - A class of phenolic acids related to chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, etc., which a...

Caffeine - A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caf...

Cajanus - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is used for food in NIGERIA....

Calamus - A plant genus of the family ARECACEAE that should not be confused with ACORUS CALAMUS....

Calcaneus - The largest of the TARSAL BONES which is situated at the lower and back part of the FOOT, forming th...

Calcifediol - The major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicat...

Calcification, Physiologic - Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts....

Calcimycin - An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports catio...

Calcineurin - A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is composed of the calc...

Calcinosis - Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues....

Calciphylaxis - Condition of induced systemic hypersensitivity in which tissues respond to appropriate challenging a...

Calcitonin - A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyro...

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide - Calcitonin gene-related peptide. A 37-amino acid peptide derived from the calcitonin gene. It occurs...

Calcitriol - The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydr...

Calcium - A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family o...

Calcium Carbonate - Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. ...

Calcium Channel Agonists - Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues. This causes vasocons...

Calcium Channel Blockers - A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the...

Calcium Channels - Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are catego...

Calcium Channels, L-Type - Long-lasting voltage-gated CALCIUM CHANNELS found in both excitable and nonexcitable tissue. They ar...

Calcium Channels, N-Type - CALCIUM CHANNELS that are concentrated in neural tissue. Omega toxins inhibit the actions of these c...

Calcium Channels, P-Type - CALCIUM CHANNELS located within the PURKINJE CELLS of the cerebellum. They are involved in stimulati...

Calcium Channels, Q-Type - CALCIUM CHANNELS located in the neurons of the brain....

Calcium Channels, R-Type - CALCIUM CHANNELS located in the neurons of the brain. They are inhibited by the marine snail toxin, ...

Calcium Channels, T-Type - A heterogenous group of transient or low voltage activated type CALCIUM CHANNELS. They are found in ...

Calcium Chloride - A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magne...

Calcium Citrate - A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially...

Calcium Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule....

Calcium Dobesilate - A drug used to reduce hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy....

Calcium Fluoride - Calcium fluoride. Occurring in nature as the mineral fluorite or fluorspar. It is the primary source...

Calcium Gluconate - The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calciu...

Calcium Hydroxide - A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental fo...

Calcium Isotopes - Stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium, but differ in atomic w...

Calcium Metabolism Disorders - Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilizat...

Calcium Oxalate - The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi....

Calcium Phosphates - Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements....

Calcium Pyrophosphate - An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabol...

Calcium Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of calcium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ca atoms with atomic wei...

Calcium Signaling - Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracell...

Calcium Sulfate - A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant,...

Calcium, Dietary - Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calci...

Calcium-Binding Protein, Vitamin D-Dependent - A protein that plays a fundamental role in the Vitamin D mediated transport of calcium in reptiles, ...

Calcium-Binding Proteins - Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or...

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase - A regulatory calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that specifically phosphorylates CALCIUM-CA...

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1 - A monomeric calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that is expressed in a broad variety...

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 - A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric p...

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4 - A monomeric calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that is primarily expressed in neuro...

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases - A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also so...

Calcium-Transporting ATPases - Cation-transporting proteins that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis for the transport of CALCIUM....

Calculi - An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of miner...

Calendula - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE)...

Calgranulin A - A 10.8-kDa member of the S-100 family of calcium-binding proteins that can form homo- or heterocompl...

Calgranulin B - A 13.2-kDa member of the S-100 family of calcium-binding proteins that can form homo- or heterocompl...

Calibration - Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale read...

Caliciviridae - A family of RNA viruses infecting a broad range of animals. Most individual species are restricted t...

Caliciviridae Infections - Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acut...

Calicivirus, Feline - A species of the genus VESIVIRUS infecting cats. Transmission occurs via air and mechanical contact....

Californium - Californium. A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic wei...

Calixarenes - Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from t...

Calla Plant - A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. Calla Lily (Callalily) also refers to the ZANTEDESCHIA. There i...

Callicarpa - A plant genus of the family VERBENACEAE. Members contain clerodane DITERPENES and callicarpone....

Callilepis - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain ATRACTYLOSIDE....

Callimico - A genus in the subfamily CALLITRICHINAE, comprising a single species with the common name Goeldi's m...

Callithrix - A genus of the subfamily CALLITRICHINAE occurring in forests of Brazil and Bolivia and containing se...

Callitrichinae - A subfamily in the family CEBIDAE that consists of four genera: CALLITHRIX (marmosets), CALLIMICO (G...

Callosities - Localized hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epidermis due to pressure or friction. (Dorland, 27t...

Calluna - A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE....

Callyspongia - A genus of SPONGES in the family Callyspongiidae comprised of a regular ectosomal reticulate skeleto...

Calmodulin - A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The bindi...

Calmodulin-Binding Proteins - Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions inclu...

Calnexin - A lectin found in ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM membranes that binds to specific N-linked OLIGOSACCHARIDES f...

Calophyllum - A plant genus of the family CLUSIACEAE. Members contain costatolide, calanolides and 4-phenylfuranoc...

Caloric Restriction - Reduction in caloric intake without reduction in adequate nutrition. In experimental animals, calori...

Caloric Tests - Elicitation of a rotatory nystagmus by stimulating the semicircular canals with water or air which i...

Calorimetry - The measurement of the quantity of heat involved in various processes, such as chemical reactions, c...

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning - Differential thermal analysis in which the sample compartment of the apparatus is a differential cal...

Calorimetry, Indirect - Calculation of the energy expenditure in the form of heat production of the whole body or individual...

Calotropis - A plant genus of the family ASCLEPIADACEAE. The downy akund floss fiber from the seeds is used like ...

Calpain - Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEU...

Calreticulin - A multifunctional protein that is found primarily within membrane-bound organelles. In the ENDOPLASM...

Calsequestrin - Acidic protein found in SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM that binds calcium to the extent of 700-900 nmoles/mg...

Calycanthaceae - A plant family of the order Laurales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida....

Calymmatobacterium - A genus of bacteria causing GRANULOMA INGUINALE and other granulomatous lesions....

Calystegia - A plant genus of the family CONVOLVULACEAE. Members contain calystegine and calystegins....

Camallanina - A suborder of nematodes characterized by larvae lacking cephalic hooks and a tail that is generally ...

Camassia - A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE that contains steroidal SAPONINS and should not be confused wi...

Cambendazole - A nematocide effective against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle, sheep, and horses....

Camelids, New World - Ruminant mammals of South America. They are related to camels....

Camellia - A plant genus in the family THEACEAE, order THEALES best known for CAMELLIA SINENSIS which is the so...

Camellia sinensis - Camellia sinensis L. (formerly Thea sinensis) is an evergreen Asiatic shrub of the THEACEAE family. ...

Cameroon - A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA...

Campanulaceae - A plant family of the order Campanulales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida...

Camphor - A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used top...

Camphor 5-Monooxygenase - A soluble cytochrome P-450 enzyme that catalyzes camphor monooxygenation in the presence of putidare...

Camping - Living outdoors as a recreational activity....

Campomelic Dysplasia - A congenital disorder of CHONDROGENESIS and OSTEOGENESIS characterized by hypoplasia of endochondral...

Camptotheca - A plant genus of the family NYSSACEAE (sometimes classified in the CORNACEAE family). It is a source...

Camptothecin - An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound se...

Campylobacter - A genus of bacteria found in the reproductive organs, intestinal tract, and oral cavity of animals a...

Campylobacter coli - A species of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract of swine, poultry...

Campylobacter fetus - A species of bacteria present in man and many kinds of animals and birds, often causing infertility ...

Campylobacter hyointestinalis - A species of CAMPYLOBACTER isolated from the INTESTINES of PIGS with proliferative ENTERITIS. It is ...

Campylobacter Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus CAMPYLOBACTER....

Campylobacter jejuni - A species of bacteria that resemble small tightly coiled spirals. Its organisms are known to cause a...

Campylobacter lari - A species of thermophilic CAMPYLOBACTER found in healthy seagulls and causing ENTERITIS in humans....

Campylobacter rectus - A species of CAMPYLOBACTER isolated from cases of human PERIODONTITIS. It is a microaerophile, capab...

Campylobacter sputorum - A species of CAMPYLOBACTER comprised of three biovars based on their reaction to CATALASE and UREASE...

Campylobacter upsaliensis - A species of CAMPYLOBACTER isolated from DOGS; CATS; and humans....

Camurati-Engelmann Syndrome - An autosomal dominant form of dysplasia that is characterized by progressive thickening of diaphysea...

Canada - The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is ...

Cananga - A plant genus of the family ANNONACEAE known for its aromatic oil (OILS, VOLATILE)....

Canaries - Any of several Old World finches of the genus Serinus....

Canarypox virus - A species of AVIPOXVIRUS, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE. Canarypox virus vectors are used in vaccine an...

Canavalia - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Canavalia ensiformis is the source of CONCANAVALIN A....

Canavan Disease - A rare neurodegenerative condition of infancy or childhood characterized by white matter vacuolizati...

Cancer Care Facilities - Institutions specializing in the care of cancer patients....

Cancer Vaccines - Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the ...

Candicidin - Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topi...

Candida - A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, myc...

Candida albicans - A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (monilias...

Candida glabrata - A species of MITOSPORIC FUNGI commonly found on the body surface. It causes opportunistic infections...

Candida tropicalis - A species of MITOSPORIC FUNGI that is a major cause of SEPTICEMIA and disseminated CANDIDIASIS, espe...

Candidiasis - Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist are...

Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous - A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, oft...

Candidiasis, Cutaneous - Candidiasis of the skin manifested as eczema-like lesions of the interdigital spaces, perleche, or c...

Candidiasis, Oral - Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal - Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA....

Candy - Sweet food products combining cane or beet sugars with other carbohydrates and chocolate, milk, eggs...

Canes - Sticks used as walking aids. The canes may have three or four prongs at the end of the shaft....

Canidae - A family of terrestrial carnivores with long snouts and non-retractable claws. Members include COYOT...

Cannabaceae - A plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is most notabl...

Cannabidiol - Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract....

Cannabinoids - Compounds having the cannabinoid structure. They were originally extracted from Cannabis sativa L. T...

Cannabinol - A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L....

Cannabis - The plant genus in the Cannabaceae plant family, Urticales order, Hamamelidae subclass. The flowerin...

Cannibalism - Eating other individuals of one's own species....

Canrenoate Potassium - A synthetic pregnadiene derivative with anti-aldosterone activity....

Canrenone - A synthetic pregnadiene compound with anti-aldosterone activity....

Cantharidin - A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria)...

Canthaxanthin - A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning ...

Capacity Building - Organizational development including enhancement of management structures, processes and procedures,...

Cape Verde - The republic consists of islands that are located in the mid-Atlantic Ocean about 300 miles off the ...

Capgras Syndrome - A psychotic disorder characterized by the patient's belief that acquaintances or closely related per...

Capillaria - A genus of trichuroid nematodes parasitic in the liver and intestines of many mammals and birds. Two...

Capillaries - The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules....

Capillarity - The action by which the surface of a liquid where it contacts a solid is elevated or depressed, beca...

Capillary Electrochromatography - A separation technique which combines LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY and CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS....

Capillary Fragility - The susceptibility of CAPILLARIES, under conditions of increased stress, to leakage....

Capillary Leak Syndrome - A condition characterized by recurring episodes of fluid leaking from capillaries into extra-vascula...

Capillary Permeability - The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances bet...

Capillary Resistance - The vascular resistance to the flow of BLOOD through the CAPILLARIES portions of the peripheral vasc...

Capital Expenditures - Those funds disbursed for facilities and equipment, particularly those related to the delivery of he...

Capital Financing - Institutional funding for facilities and for equipment which becomes a part of the assets of the ins...

Capital Punishment - The use of the death penalty for certain crimes....

Capitalism - A political and economic system characterized by individual rights, by private or corporate ownershi...

Capitate Bone - A carpal bone with a rounded head located between the TRAPEZOID BONE and the HAMATE BONE....

Capitation Fee - A method of payment for health services in which an individual or institutional provider is paid a f...

Caplan Syndrome - A condition characterized by the presence of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS associated with a specific form of...

Capnocytophaga - A gram-negative gliding bacterium isolated from the oral cavity. It is a pathogen often causing PERI...

Capnography - Continuous recording of the carbon dioxide content of expired air....

Capparaceae - A plant family of the order Capparales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida, that are mostly h...

Capparis - A plant genus of the family CAPPARACEAE that contains mabinlin, a sweet protein....

Capreomycin - Cyclic peptide antibiotic similar to VIOMYCIN. It is produced by Streptomyces capreolus....

Caprifoliaceae - A plant family of the order Dipsacales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida....

Capripoxvirus - A genus of the family POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE, comprising poxviruses infecting sheep,...

Caprolactam - Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can caus...

Capsaicin - An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS....

Capsella - A plant genus of the family CRUCIFERAE....

Capsicum - A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. The hot peppers yield CAPSAICIN, which activates vanilloid ...

Capsid - The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid....

Capsid Proteins - Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES....

Capsule Endoscopes - A pill sized videocamera encased in a capsule. It is designed to be swallowed and subsequently trave...

Capsule Endoscopy - Non-invasive, endoscopic imaging by use of VIDEO CAPSULE ENDOSCOPES to perform examination of the ga...

Capsules - Hard or soft soluble containers used for the oral administration of medicine....

Capsulorhexis - The making of a continuous circular tear in the anterior capsule during cataract surgery in order to...

Captan - One of the phthalimide fungicides....

Captopril - A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I...

CapZ Actin Capping Protein - An actin capping protein that binds to the barbed-ends of ACTIN filaments. It is a heterodimer consi...

Caragana - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain STILBENES....

Carbachol - A slowly hydrolyzed cholinergic agonist that acts at both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors....

Carbadox - An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and en...

Carbamates - Salts or esters of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH, or of N-substituted carbamic acids: R2NC(=O)OR', (R' =...

Carbamazepine - An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures. Its mode of action is...

Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia) - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from ATP, carbon dioxide, and ammonia....

Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing) - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from ATP, carbon dioxide, and glutamin...

Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease - A urea cycle disorder manifesting in infancy as lethargy, emesis, seizures, alterations of muscle to...

Carbamyl Phosphate - Phosphate salt of carbamic acid....

Carbapenems - A group of beta-lactam antibiotics in which the sulfur atom in the thiazolidine ring of the penicill...

Carbaryl - A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the c...

Carbasugars - Sugar analogs in which the ring oxygen is replaced by a methylene CH2 carbon....

Carbazilquinone - An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of ...

Carbazoles - Benzo-indoles similar to CARBOLINES which are pyrido-indoles. In plants, carbazoles are derived from...

Carbenicillin - Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric j...

Carbenoxolone - An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especia...

Carbidopa - An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE, preventing conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PAR...

Carbimazole - An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for ...

Carbocyanines - Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for diff...

Carbocysteine - A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used a...

Carbofuran - A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (Fr...

Carbohydrate Biochemistry - The study of the structure, biosynthesis, and function of CARBOHYDRATES and GLYCOSYLATION....

Carbohydrate Conformation - The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate....

Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases - Reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of carbohydrates to form a keto sugar, aldehyd...

Carbohydrate Epimerases - Enzymes that catalyze the epimerization of chiral centers within carbohydrates or their derivatives....

Carbohydrate Metabolism - Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES....

Carbohydrate Sequence - The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS....

Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome - An inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism manifesting as a genetic multisystem disorder of autosoma...

Carbohydrates - The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and ...

Carbolines - A group of pyrido-indole compounds. Included are any points of fusion of pyridine with the five-memb...

Carbon - A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight 12.011. It may occur ...

Carbon Compounds, Inorganic - Inorganic compounds that contain carbon as an integral part of the molecule but are not derived from...

Carbon Dioxide - A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle ...

Carbon Disulfide - A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and...

Carbon Isotopes - Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic wei...

Carbon Monoxide - Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to...

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide....

Carbon Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weigh...

Carbon Tetrachloride - A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in ...

Carbonated Beverages - Drinkable liquids combined with or impregnated with carbon dioxide....

Carbonates - Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readi...

Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Isomerases - Enzymes that catalyze the shifting of a carbon-carbon double bond from one position to another withi...

Carbon-Carbon Ligases - Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-carbon bond. These a...

Carbon-Carbon Lyases - Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidati...

Carbonic Acid - Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form...

Carbonic Anhydrase I - A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in ERYTHROCYTES, vascular endothelial c...

Carbonic Anhydrase II - A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme found widely distributed in cells of almost all tissues. De...

Carbonic Anhydrase III - A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in skeletal muscle (MUSCLES, SKELETAL)....

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - A class of compounds that reduces the secretion of H+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inh...

Carbonic Anhydrase IV - A membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase found in lung capillaries and kidney....

Carbonic Anhydrase V - A carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme found in MITOCHONDRIA where it provides bicarbonate ions that are com...

Carbonic Anhydrases - A family of zinc-containing enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They p...

Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases - Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-nitrogen bond. EC 6....

Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-Donor - Enzymes that catalyze the joining of glutamine-derived ammonia and another molecule. The linkage is ...

Carbon-Nitrogen Lyases - Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxida...

Carbon-Oxygen Ligases - Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-oxygen bond. EC 6.1....

Carbon-Oxygen Lyases - Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidati...

Carbon-Sulfur Ligases - Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-sulfur bond. EC 6.2....

Carbon-Sulfur Lyases - Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-sulfur bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidati...

Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone - A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis becau...

Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone - A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies....

Carboplatin - An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity....

Carboprost - A nonsteroidal abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of PREG...

Carboxin - A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent....

Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases - A group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of carboxyl- or carbamoyl- groups. EC 2.1.3....

Carboxylesterase - Carboxylesterase is a serine-dependent esterase with wide substrate specificity. The enzyme is invol...

Carboxylic Acids - Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids...

Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases - Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters with the formation of an alcohol and...

Carboxy-Lyases - Enzymes that catalyze the addition of a carboxyl group to a compound (carboxylases) or the removal o...

Carboxymethylcellulose - A cellulose derivative which is a Beta-(1->4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative...

Carboxypeptidase B - A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the pr...

Carboxypeptidase H - A ZINC-containing exopeptidase primarily found in SECRETORY VESICLES of endocrine and neuroendocrine...

Carboxypeptidase U - A metallocarboxypeptidase that removes C-terminal lysine and arginine from biologically active pepti...

Carboxypeptidases - Enzymes that act at a free C-terminus of a polypeptide to liberate a single amino acid residue....

Carboxypeptidases A - Carboxypeptidases that are primarily found the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM that catalyze the release of C-termi...

Carbuncle - An infection of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue that consists of a cluster of boils. Commonly, the...

Carbutamide - A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale,...

Carcinoembryonic Antigen - A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tr...

Carcinogenicity Tests - Tests to experimentally measure the tumor-producing/cancer cell-producing potency of an agent by adm...

Carcinogens - Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which...

Carcinogens, Environmental - Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment....

Carcinoid Heart Disease - Cardiac manifestation of gastrointestinal CARCINOID TUMOR that metastasizes to the liver. Substances...

Carcinoid Tumor - A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped ...

Carcinoma - A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and g...

Carcinoma 256, Walker - A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of...

Carcinoma in Situ - A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are...

Carcinoma, Acinar Cell - A malignant tumor arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands...

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic - Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surroun...

Carcinoma, Adenosquamous - A mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma....

Carcinoma, Basal Cell - A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and des...

Carcinoma, Basosquamous - A skin carcinoma that histologically exhibits both basal and squamous elements. (From Dorland, 27th ...

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic - Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithe...

Carcinoma, Ductal - Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY G...

Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast - An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREA...

Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor - A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous b...

Carcinoma, Embryonal - A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivatio...

Carcinoma, Endometrioid - An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOM...

Carcinoma, Giant Cell - An epithelial neoplasm characterized by unusually large anaplastic cells. It is highly malignant wit...

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor w...

Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating - A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignan...

Carcinoma, Islet Cell - A primary malignant neoplasm of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the non-INSULIN-prod...

Carcinoma, Large Cell - A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorl...

Carcinoma, Lewis Lung - A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originat...

Carcinoma, Lobular - A infiltrating (invasive) breast cancer, relatively uncommon, accounting for only 5%-10% of breast t...

Carcinoma, Medullary - A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of...

Carcinoma, Merkel Cell - A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most...

Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid - A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, ...

Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine - A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and ...

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQ...

Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived fro...

Carcinoma, Papillary - A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections ...

Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular - A thyroid neoplasm of mixed papillary and follicular arrangement. Its biological behavior and progno...

Carcinoma, Renal Cell - A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There a...

Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell - A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic ...

Carcinoma, Skin Appendage - A malignant tumor of the skin appendages, which include the hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat gla...

Carcinoma, Small Cell - An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells wi...

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - A carcinoma derived from stratified squamous epithelium. It may also occur in sites where glandular ...

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell - A malignant neoplasm derived from transitional epithelium, occurring chiefly in the urinary bladder,...

Carcinoma, Verrucous - A variant of well-differentiated epidermoid carcinoma that is most common in the oral cavity, but al...

Carcinosarcoma - A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to...

CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins - A family of intracellular signaling adaptor proteins that contain caspase activation and recruitment...

Cardamine - A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that is low-growing in damp meadows of the Northern Hemisph...

Cardanolides - The aglycone constituents of CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES. The ring structure is basically a cyclopentanoperhy...

Cardenolides - C(23)-steroids with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a five-membered lactone at C-17. They are agl...

Cardia - That part of the STOMACH close to the opening from ESOPHAGUS into the stomach (cardiac orifice), the...

Cardiac Care Facilities - Institutions specializing in the care of patients with heart disorders....

Cardiac Complexes, Premature - A group of cardiac arrhythmias in which the cardiac contractions are not initiated at the SINOATRIAL...

Cardiac Electrophysiology - The study of the electrical activity and characteristics of the HEART; MYOCARDIUM; and CARDIOMYOCYTE...

Cardiac Glycosides - Cyclopentanophenanthrenes with a 5- or 6-membered lactone ring attached at the 17-position and SUGAR...

Cardiac Myosins - Myosin type II isoforms found in cardiac muscle....

Cardiac Output - The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (v...

Cardiac Output, High - A state of elevated cardiac output due to conditions of either increased hemodynamic demand or reduc...

Cardiac Output, Low - A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of...

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial - Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker....

Cardiac Surgical Procedures - Surgery performed on the heart....

Cardiac Tamponade - Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in t...

Cardiac Volume - The volume of the HEART, usually relating to the volume of BLOOD contained within it at various peri...

Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques - Timing the acquisition of imaging data to specific points in the cardiac cycle to minimize image blu...

Cardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted Tomography - Tomography using single-photon emitting RADIONUCLIDES to create images that are captured in times co...

Cardiidae - A family of bivalve MOLLUSKS with heart-shaped shells, commonly known as cockles. Unlike most BIVALV...

Cardiobacteriaceae - A family of gram-negative, mostly aerobic bacteria, in the order Cardiobacteriales. There are three ...

Cardiobacterium - A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the family CARDIOBACTERIACEAE. It is f...

Cardiography, Impedance - A type of impedance plethysmography in which bioelectrical impedance is measured between electrodes ...

Cardiolipins - Acidic phospholipids composed of two molecules of phosphatidic acid covalently linked to a molecule ...

Cardiology - The study of the heart, its physiology, and its functions....

Cardiology Service, Hospital - The hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of diagnostic and therapeut...

Cardiomegaly - Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement ...

Cardiomyopathies - A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. C...

Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic - Disease of CARDIAC MUSCLE resulting from chronic excessive alcohol consumption. Myocardial damage ca...

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated - A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCT...

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERT...

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial - An autosomal dominant inherited form of HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. It results from any of more tha...

Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive - A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease in which the ventricular walls are excessively rigid, impeding vent...

Cardiomyoplasty - An operation that uses stimulated latissimus dorsi muscle (SKELETAL MUSCLE VENTRICLE) to assist card...

Cardioplegic Solutions - Solutions which, upon administration, will temporarily arrest cardiac activity. They are used in the...

Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femor...

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - The artificial substitution of heart and lung action as indicated for HEART ARREST resulting from el...

Cardiotocography - Monitoring of fetal heart frequency before birth in order to assess impending prematurity in relatio...

Cardiotonic Agents - Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may b...

Cardiotoxins - Agents that have a damaging effect on the HEART. Such damage can occur from ALKYLATING AGENTS; FREE ...

Cardiovascular Abnormalities - Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and B...

Cardiovascular Agents - Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood vol...

Cardiovascular Deconditioning - A change in cardiovascular function resulting in a reduction in BLOOD VOLUME, and reflex DIURESIS. I...

Cardiovascular Diseases - Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; ...

Cardiovascular Infections - Pathological conditions of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM caused by infections....

Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena - Processes and properties of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts....

Cardiovascular Physiological Processes - Biological actions and events that support the functions of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM....

Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures - Surgery performed on the heart or blood vessels....

Cardiovascular System - The HEART and the BLOOD VESSELS by which BLOOD is pumped and circulated through the body....

Cardiovirus - A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE causing encephalitis and myocarditis in rodents. ENCEPHALOMYOCA...

Cardiovirus Infections - Infections caused by viruses of the genus CARDIOVIRUS, family PICORNAVIRIDAE....

Carduus - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain arctiin and onopordopicrin....

Career Choice - Selection of a type of occupation or profession....

Career Mobility - The upward or downward mobility in an occupation or the change from one occupation to another....

Caregivers - Persons who provide care to those who need supervision or assistance in illness or disability. They ...

Carex Plant - A plant genus of the family CYPERACEAE. The seed contains oligostilbenes (STILBENES)....

Carfecillin - The phenyl ester of CARBENICILLIN that, upon oral administration, is broken down in the intestinal m...

Caribbean Region - The area that lies between continental North and South America and comprises the Caribbean Sea, the ...

Carica - A plant genus of the family Caricaceae, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. I...

Caricaceae - A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida....

Caricatures - Works portraying in a critical or facetious way a real individual or group, or a figure representing...

Caricatures as Topic - Portraying in a critical or facetious way a real individual or group, or a figure representing a soc...

Cariogenic Agents - Substances that promote DENTAL CARIES....

Cariostatic Agents - Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4...

Carisoprodol - A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood b...

Carlavirus - A genus of RNA plant viruses in the family FLEXIVIRIDAE, containing slightly flexuous filaments, oft...

Carmine - Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, et...

Carmovirus - A genus in the family TOMBUSVIRIDAE mostly found in temperate regions. Some species infecting legume...

Carmustine - A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain...

Carney Complex - Autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by cardiac and cutaneous MYXOMAS; LENTIGINOSIS (spotty pig...

Carnitine - Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancre...

Carnitine Acyltransferases - Acyltransferases in the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyze the reversible transfer of acyl g...

Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of O-acetylcarnitine from acetyl-CoA plus carnitine. EC 2.3.1...

Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of palmitoyl-CoA to palmitoylcarnitine in the inn...

Carnivora - An order of MAMMALS, usually flesh eaters with appropriate dentition. Suborders include the terrestr...

Carnobacteriaceae - A family of gram-positive, lactic acid-producing bacteria in the order LACTOBACILLALES. It includes ...

Carnobacterium - A genus of gram-positive bacteria in the family CARNOBACTERIACEAE. They are tolerant to freezing/tha...

Carnosine - A naturally occurring dipeptide neuropeptide found in muscles....

Caroli Disease - Congenital cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). It consists ...

Carotenoids - The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, a...

Carotid Arteries - Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and nec...

Carotid Artery Diseases - Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external...

Carotid Artery Injuries - Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCE...

Carotid Artery Thrombosis - Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlu...

Carotid Artery, Common - The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, o...

Carotid Artery, External - Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the exterior of the head, the face, and the great...

Carotid Artery, Internal - Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its a...

Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection - The splitting of the vessel wall in one or both (left and right) internal carotid arteries (CAROTID ...

Carotid Body - A small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal ...

Carotid Body Tumor - An invariably benign, encapsulated, firm round mass at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery,...

Carotid Sinus - The dilated portion of the common carotid artery at its bifurcation into external and internal carot...

Carotid Stenosis - Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque...

Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula - An acquired or spontaneous abnormality in which there is communication between CAVERNOUS SINUS, a ve...

Carpal Bones - The eight bones of the wrist: SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; TRIQUETRUM BONE; PISIFORM BONE; TRAPEZIUM ...

Carpal Joints - The articulations between the various CARPAL BONES. This does not include the WRIST JOINT which cons...

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and t...

Carpometacarpal Joints - The articulations between the CARPAL BONES and the METACARPAL BONES....

Carps - Common name for a number of different species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. This includes, among...

Carpus, Animal - The region corresponding to the human WRIST in non-human ANIMALS....

Carrageenan - A water-soluble extractive mixture of sulfated polysaccharides from RED ALGAE. Chief sources are the...

Carrier Proteins - Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes....

Carrier State - The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The orga...

Carteolol - A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihyperten...

Carthamus - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE....

Carthamus tinctorius - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Oil from the seed (SAFFLOWER OIL) is an important food oil o...

Carticaine - A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE....

Cartilage - A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes...

Cartilage Diseases - Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE)....

Cartoons - Works consisting of humorous, satirical, or ridiculing images executed in a broad or abbreviated man...

Cartoons as Topic - Sketches or drawings, usually humorous, symbolizing, satirizing, or caricaturing some action, subjec...

Carubicin - A very toxic anthracycline-type antineoplastic related to DAUNORUBICIN, obtained from Actinomadura c...

Carum - A plant genus of the family Apiaceae. The seeds are used as flavoring....

Carya - A plant genus of the family JUGLANDACEAE that bears edible nuts....

Caryophyllaceae - A plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida. The specie...

Cascara - Dried aged bark of a buckthorn, Frangula purshiana (FRANGULA), that contains the anthraquinone EMODI...

Case Management - A traditional term for all the activities which a physician or other health care professional normal...

Case Reports - Clinical presentations that may be followed by evaluative studies that eventually lead to a diagnosi...

Casearia - A plant genus of the family FLACOURTIACEAE. Members contain casearins which are clerodane type DITER...

Case-Control Studies - Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (com...

Casein Kinase I - A casein kinase that was originally described as a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 30-40...

Casein Kinase Ialpha - A casein kinase I isoenzyme that plays a role in intracellular signaling pathways including the CELL...

Casein Kinase Idelta - A casein kinase I isoenzyme that plays a regulatory role in a variety of cellular functions includin...

Casein Kinase Iepsilon - A casein kinase I isoenzyme with specificity for proteins involved the regulation of the CIRCADIAN R...

Casein Kinase II - A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulato...

Casein Kinases - A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for ...

Caseins - A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one...

Casimiroa - A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. The fruit is edible and the seed has cardiovascular activity....

CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein - An APOPTOSIS-regulating protein that is structurally related to CASPASE 8 and competes with CASPASE ...

Caspase 1 - A long pro-domain caspase that has specificity for the precursor form of INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. It plays...

Caspase 10 - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a death effector domain in its pro-domain region. Activation...

Caspase 12 - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a caspase recruitment domain in its pro-domain region. Caspa...

Caspase 14 - A short pro-domain caspase that is almost exclusively expressed in the EPIDERMIS and may play a role...

Caspase 2 - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a caspase recruitment domain in its pro-domain region. Activ...

Caspase 3 - A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CA...

Caspase 6 - A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CA...

Caspase 7 - A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CA...

Caspase 8 - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a death effector domain in its pro-domain region. Caspase 8 ...

Caspase 9 - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a caspase recruitment domain in its pro-domain region. Caspa...

Caspases - A family of intracellular CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that play a role in regulating INFLAMMATION and AP...

Caspases, Effector - A subclass of caspases that contain short pro-domain regions. They are activated by the proteolytic ...

Caspases, Initiator - A subtype of caspases that contain long pro-domain regions that regulate the activation of the enzym...

Cassia - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Many species of this genus, including the medicinal C. senna ...

Castanospermum - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains castanospermines, swainsonine, and triterpenoid s...

Castor Bean - Common name for Ricinus communis, a species in the family EUPHORBIACEAE. It is the source of CASTOR ...

Castor Oil - Oil obtained from seeds of Ricinus communis that is used as a cathartic and as a plasticizer....

Castration - Surgical removal or artificial destruction of gonads....

Casts, Surgical - Dressings made of fiberglass, plastic, or bandage impregnated with plaster of paris used for immobil...

Casuistry - A method of ETHICAL ANALYSIS that emphasizes practical problem solving through examining individual ...

Cat Diseases - Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of ...

Catalase - An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is pres...

Catalepsy - A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to main...

Cataloging - Activities performed in the preparation of bibliographic records for CATALOGS. It is carried out acc...

Catalogs - Works consisting of bibliographic records, created according to specific and uniform principles of c...

Catalogs as Topic - Ordered compilations of item descriptions and sufficient information to afford access to them....

Catalysis - The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction....

Catalytic Domain - The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction....

Cataplexy - A condition characterized by transient weakness or paralysis of somatic musculature triggered by an ...

Cataract - Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or ca...

Cataract Extraction - The removal of a cataractous CRYSTALLINE LENS from the eye....

Catarrhini - An infraorder of PRIMATES comprised of the families CERCOPITHECIDAE (old world monkeys); HYLOBATIDAE...

Catastrophic Illness - An acute or prolonged illness usually considered to be life-threatening or with the threat of seriou...

Catatonia - A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobi...

Catchment Area (Health) - A geographic area defined and served by a health program or institution....

Catechin - An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatec...

Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to muconic acid with the use of Fe3+ as a cofacto...

Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase - Catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde in the carbazole and BENZOATE ...

Catechol O-Methyltransferase - Enzyme that catalyzes the movement of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionone to a catechol or a ca...

Catechol Oxidase - An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yie...

Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - A group of membrane transport proteins that transport biogenic amine derivatives of catechol across ...

Catecholamines - A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine....

Catechols - A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2....

Catenanes - Complex compounds where two cyclic molecules are interlaced together as links in a chain. They have ...

Catenins - A family of cytoskeletal proteins that play essential roles in CELL ADHESION at ADHERENS JUNCTIONS b...

Catfishes - Common name of the order Siluriformes. This order contains many families and over 2,000 species, inc...

Catgut - Sterile collagen strands obtained from healthy mammals. They are used as absorbable surgical ligatur...

Catha - A plant genus of the family CELASTRACEAE. The leafy stems of khat are chewed by some individuals fo...

Catharanthus - A plant genus of the family Apocynaceae. It is the source of VINCA ALKALOIDS, used in leukemia chemo...

Catharsis - The release of ideas, thoughts, and repressed material from the unconscious, accompanied by an emoti...

Cathartics - Agents that are used to evacuate the bowels to eliminate ingested NOXAE or to prepare for COLONOSCOP...

Cathelicidins - Antimicrobial cationic peptides with a highly conserved amino terminal cathelin-like domain and a mo...

Cathepsin A - A carboxypeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal amino acid with a broad specificity. I...

Cathepsin B - A lysosomal cysteine proteinase with a specificity similar to that of PAPAIN. The enzyme is present ...

Cathepsin C - A papain-like cysteine protease that has specificity for amino terminal dipeptides. The enzyme plays...

Cathepsin D - An intracellular proteinase found in a variety of tissue. It has specificity similar to but narrower...

Cathepsin E - An aspartic endopeptidase that is similar in structure to CATHEPSIN D. It is found primarily in the ...

Cathepsin F - A lysosomal papain-related cysteine proteinase that is expressed in a broad variety of cell types....

Cathepsin G - A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity simil...

Cathepsin H - An ubiquitously-expressed lysosomal cysteine protease that is involved in protein processing. The en...

Cathepsin K - A cysteine protease that is highly expressed in OSTEOCLASTS and plays an essential role in BONE RESO...

Cathepsin L - A ubiquitously-expressed cysteine protease that plays an enzymatic role in POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEI...

Cathepsin W - A cysteine endopeptidase found in NATURAL KILLER CELLS and CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES. It may have a s...

Cathepsin Z - A ubiquitously-expressed cysteine peptidase that exhibits carboxypeptidase activity. It is highly e...

Cathepsins - A group of lysosomal proteinases or endopeptidases found in aqueous extracts of a variety of animal ...

Catheter Ablation - Removal of tissue with electrical current delivered via electrodes positioned at the distal end of a...

Catheterization - Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for inj...

Catheterization, Central Venous - Placement of an intravenous catheter in the subclavian, jugular, or other central vein for central v...

Catheterization, Peripheral - Insertion of a catheter into a peripheral artery, vein, or airway for diagnostic or therapeutic purp...

Catheterization, Swan-Ganz - Placement of a balloon-tipped catheter into the pulmonary artery through the antecubital, subclavian...

Catheter-Related Infections - Infections resulting from the use of catheters. Proper aseptic technique, site of catheter placement...

Catheters, Indwelling - Catheters designed to be left within an organ or passage for an extended period of time....

Cathexis - Attachment, conscious or unconscious, of emotional feeling and significance to an idea, object or mo...

Cathode Ray Tube - A vacuum tube equipped with an electron emitting CATHODE and a fluorescent screen which emits visibl...

Catholicism - The Christian faith, practice, or system of the Catholic Church, specifically the Roman Catholic, th...

Cation Exchange Resins - High molecular weight insoluble polymers which contain functional anionic groups that are capable of...

Cation Transport Proteins - Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of positively charged molecu...

Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 1 - A high-affinity, low capacity system y+ amino acid transporter found ubiquitously. It has specificit...

Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2 - A high-affinity, low capacity system y+ amino acid transporter with strong similarity to CATIONIC AM...

Cations - Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the cathode or negative pole d...

Cations, Divalent - Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the ...

Cations, Monovalent - Positively charged atoms, radicals or group of atoms with a valence of plus 1, which travel to the c...

Cats - The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds....

Cat's Claw - A vine (Uncaria tomentosa) indigenous to the Amazon rainforest whose name is derived from its hook-l...

Cat-Scratch Disease - A self-limiting bacterial infection of the regional lymph nodes caused by AFIPIA felis, a gram-negat...

Cattell Personality Factor Questionnaire - Self report questionnaire which yields 16 scores on personality traits, such as reserved vs. outgoin...

Cattle - Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the produ...

Cattle Diseases - Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus....

Cauda Equina - The lower part of the SPINAL CORD consisting of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots....

Caudate Nucleus - Elongated gray mass of the neostriatum located adjacent to the lateral ventricle of the brain....

Caudovirales - An order comprising three families of tailed bacteriophages: MYOVIRIDAE; PODOVIRIDAE; and SIPHOVIRID...

Caulerpa - A genus of toxic marine GREEN ALGAE found throughout tropical and subtropical seas. One species, Cau...

Caulimoviridae - A family of DNA plant viruses with isometric or bacilliform virions and no envelope. The host ranges...

Caulimovirus - A genus of PLANT VIRUSES, in the family CAULIMOVIRIDAE, that are transmitted by APHIDS in a semipers...

Caulobacter - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod- or vibroid-shaped or fusiform bacteria that commonly produce...

Caulobacter crescentus - A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that consist of slender vibroid cells....

Caulobacteraceae - A family of stalked bacteria that reproduces by budding. There are four genera: CAULOBACTER, Asticca...

Caulophyllum - A plant genus of the family BERBERIDACEAE (sometimes classified as Leonticaceae), most notably Caulo...

Causalgia - A complex regional pain syndrome characterized by burning pain and marked sensitivity to touch (HYPE...

Causality - The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must alway...

Cause of Death - Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemio...

Caustics - Strong alkaline chemicals that destroy soft body tissues resulting in a deep, penetrating type of bu...

Cautery - The application of a caustic substance, a hot instrument, an electric current, or other agent to con...

Caveolae - Endocytic/exocytic CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid-ancho...

Caveolin 1 - A tyrosine phosphoprotein that plays an essential role in CAVEOLAE formation. It binds CHOLESTEROL a...

Caveolin 2 - Caveolin 2 is a binding partner of CAVEOLIN 1. It undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by C-SRC PROTEI...

Caveolin 3 - A caveolin that is expressed exclusively in MUSCLE CELLS and is sufficient to form CAVEOLAE in SARCO...

Caveolins - The main structural proteins of CAVEOLAE. Several distinct genes for caveolins have been identified....

Cavernous Sinus - An irregularly shaped venous space in the dura mater at either side of the sphenoid bone....

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis - Formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the CAVERNOUS SINUS of the brain. Infections of ...

CCAAT-Binding Factor - A heterotrimeric DNA-binding protein that binds to CCAAT motifs in the promoters of eukaryotic genes...

CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha - A CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein found in LIVER; ADIPOSE TISSUE; INTESTINES; LUNG; ADRENAL GLANDS; P...

CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta - A CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein found in LIVER; INTESTINES; LUNG and ADIPOSE TISSUE. It is an impor...

CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta - A member of the C-EBP protein family of transcription factors. It plays a key role in G0 PHASE mamma...

CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins - A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT....

CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins - A family of secreted proteins found associated with the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and cell surface recept...

CD30 Ligand - A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that binds ...

CD4 Immunoadhesins - Chimeric molecules resulting from the fusion of recombinant soluble CD4 to the Fc portion of immunog...

CD4 Lymphocyte Count - The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of...

CD40 Ligand - A membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells that binds t...

CD4-CD8 Ratio - Ratio of T-LYMPHOCYTES that express the CD4 ANTIGEN to those that express the CD8 ANTIGEN. This valu...

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions...

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions...

CDC2 Protein Kinase - Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL ...

cdc25 Phosphatases - A subclass of dual specificity phosphatases that play a role in the progression of the CELL CYCLE. T...

CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae - A protein kinase encoded by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC28 gene and required for progression fro...

CDC2-CDC28 Kinases - A family of cell cycle-dependent kinases that are related in structure to CDC28 PROTEIN KINASE; S CE...

cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein - A member of the Rho family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is associated with a diverse array ...

cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae - A member of the Rho family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS from SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. It is in...

CD-I - An optical disk storage system used on specialized players that combine the functions of computer an...

CDP-Diacylglycerol-Inositol 3-Phosphatidyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL and CMP from CDP-DIACYLGLYCEROL and M...

CDPdiacylglycerol-Serine O-Phosphatidyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of phosphatidylserine and CMP from CDPdiglyceride plus serine...

CD-ROM - An optical disk storage system for computers on which data can be read or from which data can be ret...

Ceanothus - A plant genus of the family RHAMNACEAE. Root nodules host the Frankia (ACTINOMYCETES) nitrogen-fixin...

Cebidae - A family of New World monkeys in the infraorder PLATYRRHINI, consisting of nine subfamilies: ALOUATT...

Cebinae - A subfamily of New World monkeys in the family CEBIDAE. They inhabit the forests of South and Centra...

Cebus - A genus of the family CEBIDAE, subfamily CEBINAE, consisting of four species which are divided into ...

Cecal Diseases - Pathological developments in the CECUM....

Cecal Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the CECUM....

Cecostomy - Surgical construction of an opening into the CECUM with a tube through the ABDOMINAL WALL (tube ceco...

Cecropia Plant - A plant genus of the family CECROPIACEAE. Hypotensive and hypoglycemic effects have been observed in...

Cecropiaceae - A plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida....

Cecropins - Antimicrobial peptides that form channels in membranes that are more permeable to anions than cation...

Cecum - The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INT...

Cedrela - A plant genus of the family MELIACEAE. Members contain cedrelanolide....

Cedrus - A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. It is...

Cefaclor - Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN....

Cefadroxil - Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative....

Cefamandole - Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resi...

Cefatrizine - Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity....

Cefazolin - A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bact...

Cefixime - A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases....

Cefmenoxime - A cephalosporin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is active again...

Cefmetazole - A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive a...

Cefonicid - A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal ac...

Cefoperazone - Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactam...

Cefotaxime - Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin....

Cefotetan - A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The dru...

Cefotiam - One of the CEPHALOSPORINS that has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-...

Cefoxitin - A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase....

Cefsulodin - A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas...

Ceftazidime - Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial derived from CEPHALORIDINE and used especially for Pseud...

Ceftizoxime - A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic which can be administered intravenously or by suppository. ...

Ceftriaxone - A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to menin...

Cefuroxime - Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infect...

Ceiba - A plant genus of the family BOMBACACEAE. The fine silky hairs covering the seeds have been used for ...

Celastraceae - A plant family of the order Celastrales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida....

Celastrus - A plant genus of the family CELASTRACEAE that contains insecticidal sesquiterpenoids and celastrus o...

Celiac Artery - The arterial trunk that arises from the abdominal aorta and after a short course divides into the le...

Celiac Disease - A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of GLUTEN-containing foods, such as w...

Celiac Plexus - A complex network of nerve fibers including sympathetic and parasympathetic efferents and visceral a...

Celiprolol - A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist that may act as a partial agonist at some adrenergic ...

Cell Adhesion - Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells....

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include ...

Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal - Surface ligands that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion and function in the assembly and interconnection ...

Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuron-Glia - Cell adhesion molecules that mediate neuron-neuron adhesion and neuron-astrocyte adhesion. They are ...

Cell Aggregation - The phenomenon by which dissociated cells intermixed in vitro tend to group themselves with cells of...

Cell Aging - The decrease in the cell's ability to proliferate with the passing of time. Each cell is programmed ...

Cell Biology - The study of the structure, behavior, growth, reproduction, and pathology of cells; and the function...

Cell Communication - Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by di...

Cell Compartmentation - A partitioning within cells due to the selectively permeable membranes which enclose each of the sep...

Cell Count - The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample....

Cell Culture Techniques - A technique for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro. Cultures of dispersed cells derived directly ...

Cell Cycle - The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the n...

Cell Cycle Proteins - Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of cl...

Cell Death - The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, repro...

Cell Dedifferentiation - The reverse developmental process in which differentiated cells with specialized functions become un...

Cell Degranulation - The process of losing secretory granules (SECRETORY VESICLES). This occurs, for example, in mast cel...

Cell Differentiation - Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function tha...

Cell Division - The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NU...

Cell Enlargement - Growth processes that result in an increase in CELL SIZE....

Cell Extracts - Preparations of cell constituents or subcellular materials, isolates, or substances....

Cell Fractionation - Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS....

Cell Fusion - Fusion of somatic cells in vitro or in vivo, which results in somatic cell hybridization....

Cell Growth Processes - Processes required for CELL ENLARGEMENT and CELL PROLIFERATION....

Cell Hypoxia - A condition of decreased oxygen content at the cellular level....

Cell Line - Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely....

Cell Line, Transformed - Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a sta...

Cell Line, Tumor - A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells....

Cell Lineage - The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM ...

Cell Membrane - The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in pr...

Cell Membrane Permeability - A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells....

Cell Membrane Structures - Structures which are part of the CELL MEMBRANE or have cell membrane as a major part of their struct...

Cell Migration Assays - Specific assays that measure the migration of cells. They are commonly used to measure the migration...

Cell Migration Assays, Leukocyte - Assays that measure the rate of migration of LEUKOCYTES. They may involve a variety of techniques su...

Cell Migration Assays, Macrophage - Assays that measure the rate of migration of MACROPHAGES. They may involve the use hollow plastic ch...

Cell Migration Inhibition - Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosi...

Cell Movement - The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the proces...

Cell Nucleolus - Within most types of eukaryotic CELL NUCLEUS, a distinct region, not delimited by a membrane, in whi...

Cell Nucleus - Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleol...

Cell Nucleus Division - The process by which the CELL NUCLEUS is divided....

Cell Nucleus Shape - The quality of surface form or outline of the CELL NUCLEUS....

Cell Nucleus Size - The quantity of volume or surface area of a CELL NUCLEUS....

Cell Nucleus Structures - Structures that are part of or contained in the CELL NUCLEUS....

Cell Physiological Phenomena - Cellular processes, properties, and characteristics....

Cell Physiological Processes - Cellular functions, mechanisms, and activities....

Cell Polarity - Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domain...

Cell Proliferation - All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION....

Cell Respiration - The metabolic process of all living cells (animal and plant) in which oxygen is used to provide a so...

Cell Shape - The quality of surface form or outline of CELLS....

Cell Size - The quantity of volume or surface area of CELLS....

Cell Surface Extensions - Specialized structures of the cell that extend the cell membrane and project out from the cell surfa...

Cell Survival - The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as m...

Cell Transdifferentiation - The process of switching one differentiated cell type into another cell type with a different form a...

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations i...

Cell Transformation, Viral - An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in ...

Cell Transplantation - Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between indi...

Cell Wall - The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a...

Cell Wall Skeleton - A mucoprotein found in the cell wall of various types of bacteria. It has adjuvant and antitumor act...

Cell-Derived Microparticles - Extracellular membrane vesicles generated by the shedding of CELL MEMBRANES blebs. Microparticles or...

Cell-Free System - A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by...

Cell-Matrix Junctions - Specialized areas at the CELL MEMBRANE where a cell attaches to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX or other su...

Cellobiose - A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in beta (1-4) glycosidic linkage. Obtained from the p...

Cellophane - A generic name for film produced from wood pulp by the viscose process. It is a thin, transparent sh...

Cells - The fundamental, structural, and functional units or subunits of living organisms. They are composed...

Cells, Cultured - Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to stu...

Cells, Immobilized - Microbial, plant, or animal cells which are immobilized by attachment to solid structures, usually a...

Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility Protein - A nucleocytoplasmic transport protein that binds to ALPHA KARYOPHERINS and RAN GTP BINDING PROTEIN i...

Cellular Phone - Analog or digital communications device in which the user has a wireless connection from a telephone...

Cellular Structures - Components of a cell....

Cellulase - An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, l...

Cellulases - A family of glycosidases that hydrolyse crystalline CELLULOSE into soluble sugar molecules. Within t...

Cellulitis - An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep su...

Cellulomonas - A genus of aerobic or facultatively anaerobic BACTERIA, in the family Cellulomonadaceae. It is found...

Cellulose - A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fi...

Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase - An exocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE a...

Cellulose, Oxidized - A cellulose of varied carboxyl content retaining the fibrous structure. It is used as a local hemost...

Cellulosomes - Extracellular structures found in a variety of microorganisms. They contain CELLULASES and play an i...

Cellvibrio - A genus of aerobic, gram-negative, motile, slightly curved, rod-shaped bacteria. (From Bergey's Manu...

Celosia - A plant genus of the family AMARANTHACEAE. Young leaves are used as vegetables in Asia. Members cont...

Cementation - The joining of objects by means of a cement (e.g., in fracture fixation, such as in hip arthroplasty...

Cementogenesis - The formation of DENTAL CEMENTUM, a bone-like material that covers the root of the tooth....

Cementoma - An odontogenic fibroma in which cells have developed into cementoblasts and which consists largely o...

Cemeteries - Areas set apart as burial grounds....

Cenchrus - A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The common name of buffelgrass is also used for PENNISETUM....

Censuses - Enumerations of populations usually recording identities of all persons in every place of residence ...

Centaurea - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain 5-methyl-8-hydroxycoumarin. The common name...

Centaurium - A plant genus of the family GENTIANACEAE. Triterpene lactones and other compounds have been isolated...

Centchroman - A non-steroidal anti-fertility agent with anti-hormonal properties....

Centella - A plant of the family APIACEAE which is the source of asiatic acid and asiaticoside. Centella asiati...

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) - An agency of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that conducts and supports programs for the pre...

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (U.S.) - A component of the Department of Health and Human Services to oversee and direct the Medicare and Me...

Central African Republic - A republic in central Africa south of CHAD and SUDAN, north of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, an...

Central Cord Syndrome - A syndrome associated with traumatic injury to the cervical or upper thoracic regions of the spinal ...

Central Nervous System - The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, ...

Central Nervous System Agents - A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechani...

Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections - Bacterial infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges, including infections involving the per...

Central Nervous System Cysts - Congenital or acquired cysts of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges which may remain stable in size ...

Central Nervous System Depressants - A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system...

Central Nervous System Diseases - Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem...

Central Nervous System Fungal Infections - MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL...

Central Nervous System Helminthiasis - Infections of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; or MENINGES caused by HELMINTHS (parasitic worms)....

Central Nervous System Infections - Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; RNA VIRUS INFEC...

Central Nervous System Neoplasms - Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal c...

Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections - Infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges caused by parasites....

Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections - Infections of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges by single celled organisms of the former subkingdo...

Central Nervous System Stimulants - A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitatio...

Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations - Congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities involving ARTERIES; VEINS; or venous sinuses in the...

Central Nervous System Venous Angioma - A vascular anomaly characterized by a radial or wedge-shaped arrangement of dilated VEINS draining i...

Central Nervous System Viral Diseases - Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces....

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - A visual impairment characterized by the accumulation of fluid under the retina through a defect in ...

Central Supply, Hospital - Hospital department responsible for receiving, storing, and distributing medical and surgical suppli...

Central Venous Pressure - The blood pressure in the central large VEINS of the body. It is distinguished from peripheral venou...

Centralized Hospital Services - The coordination of services in one area of a facility to improve efficiency....

Centric Relation - The location of the maxillary and the mandibular condyles when they are in their most posterior and ...

Centrifugation - Process of using a rotating machine to generate centrifugal force to separate substances of differen...

Centrifugation, Density Gradient - Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equili...

Centrifugation, Isopycnic - A technique used to separate particles according to their densities in a continuous density gradient...

Centrifugation, Zonal - Centrifugation using a rotating chamber of large capacity in which to separate cell organelles by de...

Centrioles - Self-replicating, short, fibrous, rod-shaped organelles. Each centriole is a short cylinder containi...

Centromere - The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the ...

Centromere Protein B - A DNA-binding protein that interacts with a 17-base pair sequence known as the CENP-B box motif. The...

Centrosome - The cell center, consisting of a pair of CENTRIOLES surrounded by a cloud of amorphous material call...

Cephacetrile - A derivative of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid....

Cephaelis - A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE, order Rubiales, subclass Asteridae. Cephaelis ipecacuanha is ...

Cephalexin - A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDIN...

Cephaloglycin - A cephalorsporin antibiotic....

Cephalometry - The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD....

Cephalopelvic Disproportion - A condition in which the HEAD of the FETUS is larger than the mother's PELVIS through which the feta...

Cephalopoda - A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of SQUID; CUTTLEFISH; OCTOPUS; and NAUTILUS. These marine a...

Cephaloridine - A cephalosporin antibiotic....

Cephalosporin Resistance - Non-susceptibility of an organism to the action of the cephalosporins....

Cephalosporins - A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They ...

Cephalotaxus - A plant genus of the family Cephalotaxaceae, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division CONIFEROPHYTA....

Cephalothin - A cephalosporin antibiotic....

Cephamycins - Naturally occurring family of beta-lactam cephalosporin-type antibiotics having a 7-methoxy group an...

Cephapirin - Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-posi...

Cephradine - A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic....

Ceramics - Products made by baking or firing nonmetallic minerals (clay and similar materials). In making denta...

Ceramidases - Amidohydrolases that are specific for the cleavage of the N-acyl linkage of CERAMIDES. Ceramidases a...

Ceramides - Members of the class of neutral glycosphingolipids. They are the basic units of SPHINGOLIPIDS. They ...

Ceratitis capitata - A species of fruit fly originating in sub-Saharan Africa but widely distributed worldwide. One of th...

Ceratopogonidae - A family of biting midges, in the order DIPTERA. It includes the genus Culicoides which transmits fi...

Cerclage, Cervical - The surgical closure of the incompetent cervix uteri with suture material....

Cercocebus - A genus of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE inhabiting the African forests. They are also known as mang...

Cercocebus atys - A species of Old World monkeys from the genera CERCOCEBUS that is important in AIDS research. They m...

Cercopithecidae - The family of Old World monkeys and baboons consisting of two subfamilies: CERCOPITHECINAE and COLOB...

Cercopithecinae - A subfamily of the Old World monkeys, CERCOPITHECIDAE. They inhabit the forests and savannas of Afri...

Cercopithecus - A genus of Old World monkeys found in Africa although some species have been introduced into the Wes...

Cercopithecus aethiops - A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. ...

Cercozoa - A group of amoeboid and flagellate EUKARYOTES in the supergroup RHIZARIA. They feed by means of thre...

Cereals - Seeds from grasses (POACEAE) which are important in the diet....

Cerebellar Ataxia - Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characte...

Cerebellar Cortex - The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of two main layers, the stratum molecular...

Cerebellar Diseases - Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebel...

Cerebellar Neoplasms - Primary or metastatic neoplasms of the CEREBELLUM. Tumors in this location frequently present with A...

Cerebellar Nuclei - Four accumulations of gray substance embedded in the white substance of the cerebellum, comprising t...

Cerebellopontine Angle - Junction between the cerebellum and the pons....

Cerebellum - The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POS...

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy - A heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by AMYLOID deposits in the wal...

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Familial - A familial disorder marked by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels ...

Cerebral Angiography - Radiography of the vascular system of the brain after injection of a contrast medium....

Cerebral Aqueduct - Narrow channel in the mesencephalon that connects the third and fourth ventricles....

Cerebral Arterial Diseases - Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are du...

Cerebral Arteries - The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM....

Cerebral Cortex - The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telen...

Cerebral Decortication - Partial or total removal, ablation, or destruction of the cerebral cortex; may be chemical. It is no...

Cerebral Hemorrhage - Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. ...

Cerebral Hemorrhage, Traumatic - Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES due to TRAUMA. Hemorrhage may involve any part of the...

Cerebral Infarction - The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venou...

Cerebral Palsy - A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that origin...

Cerebral Revascularization - Microsurgical revascularization to improve intracranial circulation. It usually involves joining the...

Cerebral Veins - Veins draining the cerebrum....

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms - Neoplasms located in the brain ventricles, including the two lateral, the third, and the fourth vent...

Cerebral Ventriculography - Radiography of the ventricular system of the brain after injection of air or other contrast medium d...

Cerebrosides - Neutral glycosphingolipids that contain a monosaccharide, normally glucose or galactose, in 1-ortho-...

Cerebroside-Sulfatase - An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cerebroside 3-sulfate (sulfatide) to yield a cerebroside ...

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea - Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the external auditory meatus or through the eustachian tube...

Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure - Manometric pressure of the CEREBROSPINAL FLUID as measured by lumbar, cerebroventricular, or cistern...

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins - Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin present in the ratio of 8 to 1. I...

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea - Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and ...

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts - Tubes inserted to create communication between a cerebral ventricle and the internal jugular vein. T...

Cerebrovascular Circulation - The circulation of blood through the vessels of the BRAIN....

Cerebrovascular Disorders - A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels ...

Cerebrovascular Trauma - Penetrating and nonpenetrating traumatic injuries to an extracranial or intracranial blood vessel th...

Cerebrum - Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an ...

Ceremonial Behavior - A series of actions, sometimes symbolic actions which may be associated with a behavior pattern, and...

Cerium - An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and at...

Cerium Isotopes - Stable cerium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cerium, but differ in atomic wei...

Cerium Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of cerium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ce atoms with atomic weig...

Cermet Cements - Fluoride-releasing restorative materials made by the sintering of metal (usually silver) particles t...

Ceroid - A naturally occurring lipid pigment with histochemical characteristics similar to lipofuscin. It acc...

Certificate of Need - A certificate issued by a governmental body to an individual or organization proposing to construct ...

Certification - Compliance with a set of standards defined by non-governmental organizations. Certification is appli...

Cerulenin - An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Heli...

Cerumen - The yellow or brown waxy secretions produced by vestigial apocrine sweat glands in the external ear ...

Cervical Atlas - The first cervical vertebra....

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia - A malignancy arising in uterine cervical epithelium and confined thereto, representing a continuum o...

Cervical Length Measurement - A parameter usually used in PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY to measure the length of the uterine neck (CERV...

Cervical Plexus - A network of nerve fibers originating in the upper four cervical spinal cord segments. The cervical ...

Cervical Rib - A supernumerary rib developing from an abnormal enlargement of the costal element of the C7 vertebra...

Cervical Rib Syndrome - A condition associated with compression of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS; SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY; and SUBCLAVIAN VE...

Cervical Ripening - A change in the CERVIX UTERI with respect to its readiness to relax. The cervix normally becomes sof...

Cervicoplasty - Reconstructive surgical procedures in the NECK region to restore or improve form and function....

Cervix Mucus - A slightly alkaline secretion of the endocervical glands. The consistency and amount are dependent o...

Cervix Uteri - The neck portion of the UTERUS between the lower isthmus and the VAGINA forming the cervical canal....

Cesarean Section - Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY....

Cesarean Section, Repeat - Extraction of the fetus by abdominal hysterotomy anytime following a previous cesarean....

Cesium - A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.9...

Cesium Isotopes - Stable cesium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cesium, but differ in atomic wei...

Cesium Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of cesium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cs atoms with atomic weig...

Cestoda - A subclass of segmented worms comprising the tapeworms....

Cestode Infections - Infections with true tapeworms of the helminth subclass CESTODA....

Cestrum - A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain steroidal saponins and cause CALCINOSIS in g...

Cetacea - An order of wholly aquatic MAMMALS occurring in all the OCEANS and adjoining seas of the world, as w...

Cetirizine - A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rh...

Cetomacrogol - Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying ...

Cetrimonium Compounds - Cetyltrimethylammonium compounds that have cationic detergent, antiseptic, and disinfectant activiti...

Cetylpyridinium - Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, in...

Cevanes - Structurally-related alkaloids that contain the cevane carbon backbone....

Chad - A republic in central Africa, east of NIGER, west of SUDAN and south of LIBYA. Its capital is N'Djam...

Chaetomium - A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Chaetomiaceae, order SORDARIALES. Many members are cellu...

Chagas Cardiomyopathy - A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSO...

Chagas Disease - Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Centra...

Chalazion - A non-neoplastic cyst of the MEIBOMIAN GLANDS of the eyelid....

Chalcogens - The elements OXYGEN; POLONIUM; SELENIUM; SULFUR; and TELLURIUM; that form group 16 (formerly group V...

Chalcones - Compounds based on CHALCONE. They are important intermediates in the formation of FLAVONOIDS....

Chalones - Peptides that inhibit mitosis (ANTIMITOTICS). During the 1960's the term referred to crude extracts ...

Chamaecrista - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Some species were reclassified from CASSIA and Senna....

Chamaecyparis - A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE which should not be confused with other cedar and cypress t...

Chamaemelum - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that is used in folk medicine as CHAMOMILE. Other plants with...

Chamomile - Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) nati...

Chancre - The primary sore of syphilis, a painless indurated, eroded papule, occurring at the site of entry of...

Chancroid - Acute, localized autoinoculable infectious disease usually acquired through sexual contact. Caused b...

Channel Islands - A group of four British islands and several islets in the English Channel off the coast of France. T...

Channelopathies - A variety of neuromuscular conditions resulting from MUTATIONS in ION CHANNELS manifesting as episod...

Chaperonin 10 - A group I chaperonin protein that forms a lid-like structure which encloses the non-polar cavity of ...

Chaperonin 60 - A group I chaperonin protein that forms the barrel-like structure of the chaperonin complex. It is a...

Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 - A group II chaperonin found in eukaryotic CYTOSOL. It is comprised of eight subunits with each subun...

Chaperonins - A family of multisubunit protein complexes that form into large cylindrical structures which bind to...

Chaplaincy Service, Hospital - Hospital department which administers religious activities within the hospital, e.g., pastoral care,...

Chara - A genus of ALGAE in the family CHARACEAE. They have a strong garlic-like odor and are an important f...

Characeae - Slender, threadlike family of ALGAE, in the order Charales, that are closely related to PLANTS. They...

Character - In current usage, approximately equivalent to personality. The sum of the relatively fixed personali...

Charadriiformes - An order of BIRDS including over 300 species that primarily inhabit coastal waters, beaches, and mar...

Charcoal - An amorphous form of carbon prepared from the incomplete combustion of animal or vegetable matter, e...

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease - A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and ...

Charities - Social welfare organizations with programs designed to assist individuals in times of need....

Charts - Information presented in graphic form, for example, graphs or diagrams....

Charybdotoxin - A 37-amino acid residue peptide isolated from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus. It is a...

Checklist - Aid for consistent recording of data such as tasks completed and observations noted....

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome - A form of phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction characterized by unusual oculocutaneous albinism, high ...

Cheese - A nutritious food consisting primarily of the curd or the semisolid substance formed when milk coagu...

Cheilitis - Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology....

Cheirogaleidae - A family of the order PRIMATES, suborder Strepsirhini (PROSIMII), containing five genera. All inhabi...

Chelating Agents - Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the fo...

Chelation Therapy - Therapy of heavy metal poisoning using agents which sequester the metal from organs or tissues and b...

Chelidonium - A plant genus in the family PAPAVERACEAE, order Papaverales, subclass Magnoliidae....

Chemexfoliation - Application of a cauterant to the skin for the purpose of causing a superficial destruction of the e...

Chemical Actions and Uses - A group of pharmacologic activities, effects on living systems and the environment, and modes of emp...

Chemical Fractionation - Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion o...

Chemical Hazard Release - Uncontrolled release of a chemical from its containment that either threatens to, or does, cause exp...

Chemical Industry - The aggregate enterprise of manufacturing and technically producing chemicals. (From Random House Un...

Chemical Phenomena - The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interac...

Chemical Precipitation - The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of solu...

Chemical Processes - The reactions and interactions of atoms and molecules, the changes in their structure and compositio...

Chemical Terrorism - The use of chemical agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of nerve agents, blood age...

Chemical Warfare - Tactical warfare using incendiary mixtures, smokes, or irritant, burning, or asphyxiating gases....

Chemical Warfare Agents - Chemicals that are used to cause the disturbance, disease, or death of humans during war....

Chemiluminescent Measurements - Measurement of light resulting from PHYSICAL CHEMILUMINESCENCE such as from LUMINESCENT PROTEINS and...

Chemistry - A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactio...

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical - Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substa...

Chemistry, Agricultural - The science of the chemical composition and reactions of chemicals involved in the production, prote...

Chemistry, Analytic - The branch of chemistry dealing with detection (qualitative) and determination (quantitative) of sub...

Chemistry, Bioinorganic - Field of chemistry pertaining to the study of inorganic compounds or ions and their interactions wit...

Chemistry, Clinical - The specialty of ANALYTIC CHEMISTRY applied to assays of physiologically important substances found ...

Chemistry, Inorganic - A field of chemistry which pertains to chemical compounds or ions that do not contain the element ca...

Chemistry, Organic - The study of the structure, preparation, properties, and reactions of carbon compounds. (McGraw-Hill...

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical - Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or dia...

Chemistry, Physical - The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and proc...

Chemoautotrophic Growth - Growth of organisms using AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES for obtaining nutrients and chemotrophic processes f...

Chemoembolization, Therapeutic - Administration of antineoplastic agents together with an embolizing vehicle. This allows slow releas...

Chemokine CCL1 - A CC-type chemokine secreted by activated MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for CCR8 R...

Chemokine CCL11 - A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a potent chemoattractant for EOSINOPH...

Chemokine CCL17 - A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTOR...

Chemokine CCL19 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards T LYMPHOCYTES and B...

Chemokine CCL2 - A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specif...

Chemokine CCL20 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR6 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards DENDRITIC CELLS; T-...

Chemokine CCL21 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards DENDRITIC CELLS and...

Chemokine CCL22 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards TH2 CELLS and TC2 C...

Chemokine CCL24 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS....

Chemokine CCL27 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR10 RECEPTORS. It is constitutively expressed in the skin...

Chemokine CCL3 - A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for N...

Chemokine CCL4 - A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for NK CELLS; MONOCYTES ...

Chemokine CCL5 - A CC-type chemokine that is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS; MONOCYTES; and LYMPHOCYTES. It is a p...

Chemokine CCL7 - A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. C...

Chemokine CCL8 - A monocyte chemoattractant protein that attracts MONOCYTES; LYMPHOCYTES; BASOPHILS; and EOSINOPHILS....

Chemokine CX3CL1 - A CX3C chemokine that is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of cells. The soluble form of ...

Chemokine CXCL1 - A CXC chemokine with specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS. It has growth factor activities and is implica...

Chemokine CXCL10 - A CXC chemokine that is induced by GAMMA-INTERFERON and is chemotactic for MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYT...

Chemokine CXCL11 - A CXC chemokine that is induced by GAMMA-INTERFERON. It is a chemotactic factor for activated T-LYMP...

Chemokine CXCL12 - A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR4 RE...

Chemokine CXCL13 - A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for B-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR5 RECEPTORS....

Chemokine CXCL2 - A CXC chemokine that is synthesized by activated MONOCYTES and NEUTROPHILS. It has specificity for C...

Chemokine CXCL5 - A CXC chemokine that is predominantly expressed in EPITHELIAL CELLS. It has specificity for the CXCR...

Chemokine CXCL6 - A CXC chemokine that has stimulatory and chemotactic activities towards NEUTROPHILS. It has specific...

Chemokine CXCL9 - An INTEFERON-inducible CXC chemokine that is specific for the CXCR3 RECEPTOR....

Chemokines - Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. They c...

Chemokines, C - Group of chemokines without adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes only....

Chemokines, CC - Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eo...

Chemokines, CX3C - Group of chemokines with the first two cysteines separated by three amino acids. CX3C chemokines are...

Chemokines, CXC - Group of chemokines with paired cysteines separated by a different amino acid. CXC chemokines are ch...

Chemoprevention - The use of chemical compounds to prevent the development of a specific disease....

Chemoreceptor Cells - Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous ...

Chemosterilants - Compounds that cause reproductive sterility in organisms. They are sometimes used to control pest po...

Chemotactic Factors - Chemical substances that attract or repel cells. The concept denotes especially those factors releas...

Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil - Cytotaxins liberated from normal or invading cells that specifically attract eosinophils; they may b...

Chemotaxis - The movement of cells or organisms toward or away from a substance in response to its concentration ...

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte - The movement of leukocytes in response to a chemical concentration gradient or to products formed in...

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant - Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation...

Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion - Neoplasm drug therapy involving an extracorporeal circuit with temporary exclusion of the tumor-bear...

Chenodeoxycholic Acid - A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize...

Chenopodiaceae - The goosefoot plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida...

Chenopodium - A plant genus in the CHENOPODIACEAE family....

Chenopodium album - A plant species in the CHENOPODIUM genus known for edible greens....

Chenopodium ambrosioides - A plant species of the genus Chenopodium known for toxicity to intestinal worms and other simple org...

Chenopodium quinoa - A species of the Chenopodium genus which is the source of edible seed called quinoa. It contains mak...

Chernobyl Nuclear Accident - April 25th -26th, 1986 nuclear power accident that occurred at Chernobyl in the former USSR (Ukraine...

Cherubism - A fibro-osseous hereditary disease of the jaws. The swollen jaws and raised eyes give a cherubic app...

Chest Pain - Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest....

Chest Tubes - Plastic tubes used for drainage of air or fluid from the pleural space. Their surgical insertion is ...

Chest Wall Oscillation - A respiratory support system used to remove mucus and clear airway by oscillating pressure on the ch...

Chewing Gum - A preparation of chicle, sometimes mixed with other plastic substances, sweetened and flavored. It i...

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration - An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breat...

Chiari-Frommel Syndrome - A POSTPARTUM condition consists of persistent lactation (GALACTORRHEA) and AMENORRHEA in patients no...

Chick Embryo - The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins abou...

Chicken anemia virus - The type species of GYROVIRUS, a small, non-enveloped DNA virus originally isolated from contaminate...

Chickenpox - A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). ...

Chickenpox Vaccine - A live, attenuated varicella virus vaccine used for immunization against chickenpox. It is recommend...

Chickens - Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLI...

Chicory - A thick-rooted perennial (Cichorium intybus) native to Europe but widely grown for its young leaves ...

Chief Cells, Gastric - Epithelial cells that line the basal half of the GASTRIC GLANDS. Chief cells synthesize and export a...

Chief Executive Officers, Hospital - Individuals who have the formal authority to manage a hospital, including its programs and services,...

Chikungunya virus - A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing an acute dengue-like fever....

Chilblains - Recurrent localized itching, swelling and painful erythema on the fingers, toes or ears, produced by...

Child - A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL....

Child Abuse - Abuse of children in a family, institutional, or other setting. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Ind...

Child Abuse, Sexual - Sexual maltreatment of the child or minor....

Child Advocacy - Promotion and protection of the rights of children; frequently through a legal process....

Child Behavior - Any observable response or action of a child from 24 months through 12 years of age. For neonates or...

Child Behavior Disorders - Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct dis...

Child Care - Care of children in the home or institution....

Child Custody - The formally authorized guardianship or care of a child....

Child Day Care Centers - Facilities which provide care for pre-school and school-age children....

Child Development - The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of an individual from birth up to...

Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for ...

Child Guidance - The psychiatric, sociological and psychological study and treatment of the developing child with emp...

Child Guidance Clinics - Facilities which administer the delivery of mental health counseling services to children....

Child Health Services - Organized services to provide health care for children....

Child Language - The language and sounds expressed by a child at a particular maturational stage in development....

Child Mortality - Number of deaths of children between one year of age to 12 years of age in a given population....

Child Nutrition Disorders - Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition, occurring in chil...

Child Nutrition Sciences - The study of NUTRITION PROCESSES as well as the components of food, their actions, interaction, and ...

Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - Nutritional physiology of children aged 2-12 years....

Child of Impaired Parents - Child with one or more parents afflicted by a physical or mental disorder....

Child Psychiatry - The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disor...

Child Psychology - The study of normal and abnormal behavior of children....

Child Reactive Disorders - Reactions to an event or set of events which are considered to be of pathological degree, that have ...

Child Rearing - The training or bringing-up of children by parents or parent-substitutes. It is used also for child ...

Child Restraint Systems - Devices used to protect and restrain infant and child automotive passengers....

Child Welfare - Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the child....

Child, Abandoned - A child or adolescent who is deserted by parents or parent substitutes without regard for its future...

Child, Exceptional - A child whose needs, abilities, or other characteristics vary so much from the average in mental, ph...

Child, Gifted - A child or adolescent who, when compared to others of the same age or experience, exhibits capabilit...

Child, Hospitalized - Child hospitalized for short term care....

Child, Institutionalized - A child who is receiving long-term in-patient services or who resides in an institutional setting....

Child, Orphaned - Child who has lost both parents through death or desertion....

Child, Preschool - A child between the ages of 2 and 5....

Child, Unwanted - The child who is not wanted by one or both parents....

Chills - The sudden sensation of being cold. It may be accompanied by SHIVERING....

Chimera - An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes....

Chimerin 1 - A GTPase activating protein that is specific for RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is expressed primarily...

Chimerin Proteins - A family of GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINS that are specific for RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS....

Chimerism - The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutio...

Chin - The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of ...

China - A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean....

Chinchilla - A genus of the family Chinchillidae which consists of three species: C. brevicaudata, C. lanigera, a...

Chironomidae - A family of nonbiting midges, in the order DIPTERA. Salivary glands of the genus Chironomus are used...

Chiropractic - An occupational discipline founded by D.D. Palmer in the 1890's based on the relationship of the spi...

Chiroptera - Order of mammals whose members are adapted for flight. It includes bats, flying foxes, and fruit bat...

Chi-Square Distribution - A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independe...

Chitin - A linear polysaccharide of beta-1->4 linked units of ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE. It is the second most abunda...

Chitin Synthase - An enzyme that converts UDP glucosamine into chitin and UDP. EC 2.4.1.16....

Chitosan - Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in H...

Chive - A plant in the genus ALLIUM, similar to ONIONS....

Chlamydia - A genus of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE whose species cause a variety of diseases in vertebrates includi...

Chlamydia Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA....

Chlamydia muridarum - Species of CHLAMYDIA causing pneumonitis in mice and hamsters. These isolates formerly belonged to C...

Chlamydia trachomatis - Type species of CHLAMYDIA causing a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases....

Chlamydiaceae - A family of gram-negative, coccoid microorganisms, in the order CHLAMYDIALES, pathogenic for vertebr...

Chlamydiaceae Infections - Infections with bacteria of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE....

Chlamydiales - An order of obligately intracellular bacteria that have the chlamydia-like developmental cycle of re...

Chlamydomonas - A genus of organisms considered both a protozoon (Dorland, 27th ed) and an alga (Bold & Wynne, Intro...

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - An organism considered both a protozoon (Dorland, 27th ed) and an alga (Bold & Wynne, Introduction t...

Chlamydophila - A genus of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE comprising gram-negative non CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS-like species ...

Chlamydophila Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDOPHILA....

Chlamydophila pneumoniae - A species of CHLAMYDOPHILA that causes acute respiratory infection, especially atypical pneumonia, i...

Chlamydophila psittaci - A genus of CHLAMYDOPHILA infecting primarily birds. It contains eight known serovars, some of which ...

Chloracne - ACNE-like skin eruptions caused by exposure to CHLORINE-containing compounds. Exposure can be by inh...

Chloral Hydrate - A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of INSOMNIA....

Chloralose - A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more ...

Chlorambucil - A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin...

Chloramphenicol - An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synth...

Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Sinc...

Chloramphenicol Resistance - Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of CHLORAMPHENICOL, a potent inhibitor of protein synthe...

Chloranil - A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage....

Chlorates - Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion....

Chlordan - A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides con...

Chlordecone - A highly chlorinated polycyclic hydrocarbon insecticide whose large number of chlorine atoms makes i...

Chlordiazepoxide - An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It ha...

Chlorella - Nonmotile unicellular green algae potentially valuable as a source of high-grade protein and B-compl...

Chlorella vulgaris - A species of green microalgae in the family Chlorellaceae. It is used as a model organism for PHOTOS...

Chlorfenvinphos - An organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and an acaricide....

Chlorhexidine - A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque....

Chloride Channels - Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. Nonselective block...

Chloride Peroxidase - An enzyme that catalyzes the chlorination of a range of organic molecules, forming stable carbon-chl...

Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters - Membrane proteins that allow the exchange of chloride ions for bicarbonate ions across the cellular ...

Chlorides - Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion....

Chlorine - A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomi...

Chlorine Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule....

Chlorisondamine - A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used a...

Chlormadinone Acetate - An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptiv...

Chlormerodrin - A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less ...

Chlormethiazole - A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has...

Chlormezanone - A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the...

Chlorobenzoates - Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more chlorine atoms....

Chlorobi - A phylum of anoxygenic, phototrophic bacteria including the family Chlorobiaceae. They occur in aqua...

Chlorobium - A genus of phototrophic, obligately anaerobic bacteria in the family Chlorobiaceae. They are found i...

Chlorobutanol - A colorless to white crystalline compound with a camphoraceous odor and taste. It is a widely used p...

Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) - A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase ac...

Chloroflexi - Phylum of green nonsulfur bacteria including the family Chloroflexaceae, among others....

Chloroflexus - A genus of green nonsulfur bacteria in the family Chloroflexaceae. They are photosynthetic, thermoph...

Chlorofluorocarbons - A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants...

Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane - A group of methane-based halogenated hydrocarbons containing one or more fluorine and chlorine atoms...

Chloroform - A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use...

Chlorogenic Acid - A naturally occurring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to pre...

Chloroguanide - A biguanide compound which has little antimalarial activity until metabolized in the body to the ac...

Chlorohydrins - Any of the compounds derived from a group of glycols or polyhydroxy alcohols by chlorine substitutio...

Chloromercuribenzoates - Chloride and mercury-containing derivatives of benzoic acid....

Chloromercurinitrophenols - Mercuriphenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms and one or more nitro groups. Some of the...

Chlorophenols - Phenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position....

Chlorophyll - Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organi...

Chlorophyllides - Products of the hydrolysis of chlorophylls in which the phytic acid side chain has been removed and ...

Chloroplast Proton-Translocating ATPases - Proton-translocating ATPases which produce ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE in plants. They derive energy from...

Chloroplast Thioredoxins - A subtype of thioredoxins found primarily in CHLOROPLASTS....

Chloroplasts - Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated...

Chloroprene - Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs,...

Chloroquine - The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been u...

Chloroquinolinols - 8-Hydroxyquinolinols chlorinated on the number 5 and/or 7 carbon atom(s). They are antibacterial, an...

Chlorothiazide - A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale,...

Chlorotrianisene - A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen....

Chlorphenamidine - An acaricide used against many organophosphate and carbamate resistant pests. It acts as an uncoupli...

Chlorphenesin - A centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharm...

Chlorpheniramine - A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It...

Chlorphentermine - A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those o...

Chlorpromazine - The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine...

Chlorpropamide - A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus n...

Chlorpropham - A carbamate that is used as an herbicide and as a plant growth regulator....

Chlorprothixene - A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics....

Chlorpyrifos - An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide....

Chlorquinaldol - Local anti-infective agent used for skin, gastrointestinal, and vaginal infections with fungi, proto...

Chlortetracycline - A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution....

Chlorthalidone - A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thi...

Chlorzoxazone - A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle...

CHO Cells - CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The specie...

Choanal Atresia - A congenital abnormality that is characterized by a blocked CHOANAE, the opening between the nose an...

Choanoflagellata - An order of stalked, sessile, single-celled EUKARYOTES. They are considered the transitional link be...

Choice Behavior - The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation...

Cholagogues and Choleretics - Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate...

Cholangiocarcinoma - A malignant tumor arising from the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium. It is composed of ducts lined ...

Cholangiography - An imaging test of the BILIARY TRACT in which a contrast dye (RADIOPAQUE MEDIA) is injected into the...

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde - Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order ...

Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance - Non-invasive diagnostic technique for visualizing the PANCREATIC DUCTS and BILE DUCTS without the us...

Cholangitis - Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both....

Cholangitis, Sclerosing - Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of ...

Cholates - Salts and esters of CHOLIC ACID....

Cholecalciferol - Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It diff...

Cholecystectomy - Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER....

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic - Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope....

Cholecystitis - Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILI...

Cholecystitis, Acute - Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; F...

Cholecystography - Radiography of the gallbladder after ingestion of a contrast medium....

Cholecystokinin - A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the ce...

Cholecystolithiasis - Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the GALLBLADDER....

Cholecystostomy - Establishment of an opening into the gallbladder either for drainage or surgical communication with ...

Choledochal Cyst - A congenital anatomic malformation of a bile duct, including cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic b...

Choledocholithiasis - Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the COMMON BILE DUCT....

Choledochostomy - Surgical formation of an opening (stoma) into the COMMON BILE DUCT for drainage or for direct commun...

Cholelithiasis - Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITH...

Cholenes - Unsaturated derivatives of cholane with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a branched five-carbon ch...

Cholera - An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLE...

Cholera Morbus - An old term that is no longer used in the scientific literature. Cholera morbus refers to acute GAST...

Cholera Toxin - An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit ...

Cholera Vaccines - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera ...

Cholestadienes - Cholene derivatives with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a branched 8-carbon chain at C-17. They ...

Cholestadienols - Cholestadiene derivatives containing a hydroxy group anywhere in the molecule....

Cholestanes - Derivatives of the saturated steroid cholestane with methyl groups at C-18 and C-19 and an iso-octyl...

Cholestanol - A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter....

Cholestanols - Cholestanes substituted in any position with one or more hydroxy groups. They are found in feces and...

Cholestanones - CHOLESTANES substituted with any number of keto groups....

Cholestasis - Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruc...

Cholestasis, Extrahepatic - Impairment of bile flow in the large BILE DUCTS by mechanical obstruction or stricture due to benign...

Cholestasis, Intrahepatic - Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ...

Cholesteatoma - A non-neoplastic mass of keratin-producing squamous EPITHELIUM, frequently occurring in the MENINGES...

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear - A mass of KERATIN-producing squamous EPITHELIUM that resembles an inverted (suck-in) bag of skin in ...

Cholestenes - Steroids with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a branched 8-carbon chain at C-17. Members include ...

Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase - An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of compounds that contain 5-alpha-cholestan-3-one in...

Cholestenones - CHOLESTENES with one or more double bonds and substituted by any number of keto groups....

Cholesterol - The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and sp...

Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase - A membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 7-alpha-hydroxylation of CHOLESTEROL in t...

Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease - An autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene for acid lipase (STEROL ESTERASE). ...

Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins - Proteins that bind to and transfer CHOLESTEROL ESTERS between LIPOPROTEINS such as LOW-DENSITY LIPOP...

Cholesterol Esters - Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma....

Cholesterol Oxidase - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol in the presence of molecular oxygen to 4-chole...

Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme - A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to ...

Cholesterol, Dietary - Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products....

Cholesterol, HDL - Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including CHOLESTEROL...

Cholesterol, LDL - Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to low density lipoproteins (LDL), including CHOLESTEROL ...

Cholesterol, VLDL - Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). High circulating...

Cholestyramine Resin - A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium ...

Cholic Acid - A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It f...

Cholic Acids - The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually co...

Choline - A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a...

Choline Deficiency - A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent b...

Choline Dehydrogenase - An enzyme bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyzes the oxidation of CHOLINE to BETAI...

Choline Kinase - An enzyme that is active in the first step of choline phosphoglyceride (lecithin) biosynthesis by ca...

Choline O-Acetyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline. EC 2.3.1.6....

Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of cytidylate (CMP) to choline phosphate to form CDPcholine. I...

Cholinergic Agents - Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, dr...

Cholinergic Agonists - Drugs that bind to and activate cholinergic receptors....

Cholinergic Antagonists - Drugs that bind to but do not activate CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of ACETYL...

Cholinergic Fibers - Nerve fibers liberating acetylcholine at the synapse after an impulse....

Cholinesterase Inhibitors - Drugs that inhibit cholinesterases. The neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE is rapidly hydrolyzed, and th...

Cholinesterase Reactivators - Drugs used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates. T...

Chondro-4-Sulfatase - An enzyme from the sulfuric ester hydrolase class that breaks down one of the products of the chondr...

Chondroblastoma - A usually benign tumor composed of cells which arise from chondroblasts or their precursors and whic...

Chondrocalcinosis - Presence of calcium salts, especially calcium pyrophosphate, in the cartilaginous structures of one ...

Chondrocytes - Polymorphic cells that form cartilage....

Chondrodysplasia Punctata - A heterogeneous group of bone dysplasias, the common character of which is stippling of the epiphyse...

Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Rhizomelic - An autosomal recessive form of CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA characterized by defective plasmalogen bios...

Chondrogenesis - The formation of cartilage. This process is directed by CHONDROCYTES which continually divide and la...

Chondroitin - A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)...

Chondroitin ABC Lyase - An enzyme that catalyzes the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosa...

Chondroitin Lyases - Enzymes which catalyze the elimination of delta-4,5-D-glucuronate residues from polysaccharides cont...

Chondroitin Sulfates - Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of cho...

Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases - Enzymes which catalyze the elimination of glucuronate residues from chondroitin A,B, and C or which ...

Chondroitinsulfatases - A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of various sulfate bonds of chondroitin sulfate. EC ...

Chondroma - A benign neoplasm derived from mesodermal cells that form cartilage. It may remain within the substa...

Chondromalacia Patellae - A degeneration of the ARTICULAR CARTILAGE of the PATELLA, caused by a decrease in sulfated MUCOPOLYS...

Chondromatosis - Multiple formation of chondromas. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Chondromatosis, Synovial - Rare, benign, chronic, progressive metaplasia in which cartilage is formed in the synovial membranes...

Chondrosarcoma - A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvi...

Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal - A rare aggressive variant of chondrosarcoma, characterized by a biphasic histologic pattern of small...

Chondrus - A genus of RED ALGAE, in the family Gigartinaceae. The species Chondrus crispus is a source of CARRA...

Chorda Tympani Nerve - A branch of the facial (7th cranial) nerve which passes through the middle ear and continues through...

Chordae Tendineae - The tendinous cords that connect each cusp of the two atrioventricular HEART VALVES to appropriate P...

Chordata - Phylum in the domain Eukarya, comprised of animals either with fully developed backbones (VERTEBRATE...

Chordata, Nonvertebrate - A portion of the animal phylum Chordata comprised of the subphyla Cephalochordata, UROCHORDATA, and ...

Chordoma - A malignant tumor arising from the embryonic remains of the notochord. It is also called chordocarci...

Chordopoxvirinae - A subfamily of the family POXVIRIDAE, containing eight genera comprising all the vertebrate poxvirus...

Chorea - Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly alter...

Chorea Gravidarum - A rare movement disorder developed during PREGNANCY, characterized by involuntary jerky motion (CHOR...

Chorioallantoic Membrane - A highly vascularized extra-embryonic membrane, formed by the fusion of the CHORION and the ALLANTOI...

Chorioamnionitis - INFLAMMATION of the placental membranes (CHORION; AMNION) and connected tissues such as fetal BLOOD ...

Choriocarcinoma - A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma c...

Choriocarcinoma, Non-gestational - A highly malignant CHORIOCARCINOMA derived from the non-placental origin such as the totipotent cell...

Chorion - The outermost extra-embryonic membrane surrounding the developing embryo. In REPTILES and BIRDS, it ...

Chorionic Gonadotropin - A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUT...

Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human - The beta subunit of human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Its structure is similar to the beta subunit of LU...

Chorionic Villi - The threadlike, vascular projections of the chorion. Chorionic villi may be free or embedded within ...

Chorionic Villi Sampling - A method for diagnosis of fetal diseases by sampling the cells of the placental chorionic villi for ...

Chorioretinitis - Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammato...

Chorismate Mutase - An isomerase that catalyzes the conversion of chorismic acid to prephenic acid. EC 5.4.99.5....

Chorismic Acid - A cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid derived from SHIKIMIC ACID and a precursor for the biosynthesis of ...

Choristoma - A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location....

Choroid - The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the RETINA and ...

Choroid Diseases - Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities...

Choroid Hemorrhage - Hemorrhage from the vessels of the choroid....

Choroid Neoplasms - Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These ...

Choroid Plexus - A villous structure of tangled masses of BLOOD VESSELS contained within the third, lateral, and four...

Choroid Plexus Neoplasms - Benign or malignant tumors which arise from the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain. Papil...

Choroidal Neovascularization - A pathological process consisting of the formation of new blood vessels in the CHOROID....

Choroideremia - An X chromosome-linked abnormality characterized by atrophy of the choroid and degeneration of the r...

Choroiditis - Inflammation of the choroid....

Christian Science - A religion discovered by Mary Baker Eddy in 1866 that was organized under the official name of the C...

Christianity - The religion stemming from the life, teachings, and death of Jesus Christ: the religion that believe...

Chromaffin Cells - Cells that store epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals ...

Chromaffin Granules - Organelles in CHROMAFFIN CELLS located in the adrenal glands and various other organs. These granule...

Chromaffin System - The cells of the body which stain with chromium salts. They occur along the sympathetic nerves, in t...

Chromans - Benzopyrans saturated in the 2 and 3 positions....

Chromates - Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical....

Chromatiaceae - A family of phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria that deposit globules of elemental sulfur inside the...

Chromatids - Either of the two longitudinally adjacent threads formed when a eukaryotic chromosome replicates pri...

Chromatin - The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL ...

Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly - The mechanisms effecting establishment, maintenance, and modification of that specific physical conf...

Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 - A histone chaperone protein that plays a role in the deposition of NUCLEOSOMES on newly synthesized ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation - A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest....

Chromatium - A genus of gram-negative, ovoid to rod-shaped bacteria that is phototrophic. All species use ammonia...

Chromatography - Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities o...

Chromatography, Affinity - A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain lig...

Chromatography, Agarose - A method of gel filtration chromatography using agarose, the non-ionic component of agar, for the se...

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose - A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positi...

Chromatography, Gas - Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and...

Chromatography, Gel - Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination....

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high spe...

Chromatography, Ion Exchange - Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins conta...

Chromatography, Liquid - Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid....

Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary - A hybrid separation technique combining both chromatographic and electrophoretic separation principl...

Chromatography, Paper - An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds...

Chromatography, Reverse-Phase - A chromatography technique in which the stationary phase is composed of a non-polar substance with a...

Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid - A CHROMATOGRAPHY method using supercritical fluid, usually carbon dioxide under very high pressure (...

Chromatography, Thin Layer - Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, si...

Chromatophores - The large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates which actively disperse a...

Chromium - A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number ...

Chromium Alloys - Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cob...

Chromium Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain chromium as an integral part of the molecule....

Chromium Isotopes - Stable chromium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element chromium, but differ in atomic...

Chromium Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of chromium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cr atoms with atomic we...

Chromobacterium - A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring in soil and water. ...

Chromoblastomycosis - Scaly papule or warty growth, caused by five fungi, that spreads as a result of satellite lesions af...

Chromogenic Compounds - Colorless, endogenous or exogenous pigment precursors that may be transformed by biological mechanis...

Chromogranin A - A type of chromogranin which was first isolated from CHROMAFFIN CELLS of the ADRENAL MEDULLA but is ...

Chromogranin B - A type of chromogranin which was initially characterized in a rat PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELL LINE. It is ...

Chromogranins - A group of acidic proteins that are major components of SECRETORY GRANULES in the endocrine and neur...

Chromohalobacter - A genus of gram-negative, moderately halophilic bacteria in the family HALOMONADACEAE. They are chem...

Chromolaena - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common name of thoroughwort is also used for other plant...

Chromomycin A3 - Glycosidic antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus used as a fluorescent stain of DNA and as an antineo...

Chromomycins - A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. The major com...

Chromonar - A coronary vasodilator agent....

Chromosomal Instability - An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosom...

Chromosomal Position Effects - The effects on gene expression that depend on the location of a gene with respect to its neighboring...

Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone - Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. They are involved in chromosomal ...

Chromosome Aberrations - Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Many chromosome aberrations, but not all, are the cause...

Chromosome Banding - Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromos...

Chromosome Breakage - A type of chromosomal aberration involving DNA BREAKS. Chromosome breakage can result in CHROMOSOMAL...

Chromosome Breakpoints - The locations in specific DNA sequences where CHROMOSOME BREAKS have occurred....

Chromosome Deletion - Actual loss of a portion of the chromosome....

Chromosome Disorders - Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal chromosome constitution in which there is extra or missing...

Chromosome Fragile Sites - Specific loci that show up during KARYOTYPING as a gap (an uncondensed stretch in closer views) on a...

Chromosome Fragility - Susceptibility of chromosomes to breakage leading to translocation; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; SEQUENCE D...

Chromosome Inversion - An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned ...

Chromosome Mapping - Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome...

Chromosome Painting - A technique for visualizing CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are ...

Chromosome Pairing - The alignment of CHROMOSOMES at homologous sequences....

Chromosome Positioning - The mechanisms of eukaryotic CELLS that place or keep the CHROMOSOMES in a particular SUBNUCLEAR SPA...

Chromosome Segregation - The orderly segregation of CHROMOSOMES during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS....

Chromosome Structures - Structures which are contained in or part of CHROMOSOMES....

Chromosome Walking - A technique with which an unknown region of a chromosome can be explored. It is generally used to is...

Chromosomes - In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containin...

Chromosomes, Archaeal - Structures within the nucleus of archaeal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic...

Chromosomes, Artificial - DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, elements such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and ...

Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial - DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, pro...

Chromosomes, Artificial, Human - DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, all elements, such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE;...

Chromosomes, Artificial, Mammalian - DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, all elements, such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE;...

Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage - DNA constructs that are derived from the DNA of BACTERIOPHAGE P1. They can carry large amounts (abou...

Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast - Chromosomes in which fragments of exogenous DNA ranging in length up to several hundred kilobase pai...

Chromosomes, Bacterial - Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry geneti...

Chromosomes, Fungal - Structures within the nucleus of fungal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic i...

Chromosomes, Human - Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHR...

Chromosomes, Human, 1-3 - The large, metacentric human chromosomes, called group A in the human chromosome classification. Th...

Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 - The medium-sized, acrocentric human chromosomes, called group D in the human chromosome classificati...

Chromosomes, Human, 16-18 - The short, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group E in the human chromosome classification. ...

Chromosomes, Human, 19-20 - The short, metacentric human chromosomes, called group F in the human chromosome classification. Th...

Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y - The short, acrocentric human chromosomes, called group G in the human chromosome classification. Th...

Chromosomes, Human, 4-5 - The large, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group B in the human chromosome classification. ...

Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X - The medium-sized, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group C in the human chromosome classific...

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 - A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome cl...

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 - A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 - A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 - A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 - A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 - A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 - A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 - A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 - A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 - A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 - A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 - A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome cl...

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 - A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 - A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 - A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 - A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome cl...

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 - A specific pair of GROUP B CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 - One of the two pairs of human chromosomes in the group B class (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 4-5)....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 - A specific pair GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 - A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 - A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 - A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification....

Chromosomes, Human, X - The human female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male game...

Chromosomes, Human, Y - The human male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gamete...

Chromosomes, Mammalian - Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of M...

Chromosomes, Plant - Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of P...

Chronaxy - The shortest duration of an electrical stimulus where the threshold amplitude is twice the rheobase ...

Chronic Disease - Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual...

Chronic Periodontitis - Chronic inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is associated with the amount of DENTAL PLAQUE or...

Chronobiology Discipline - A multidisciplinary field of research and practice studying the periodicity of biological systems an...

Chronobiology Disorders - Disruptions of the rhythmic cycle of bodily functions or activities....

Chronobiology Phenomena - Biological systems as affected by time. Aging, biological rhythms, and cyclic phenomena are included...

Chronology - Works consisting of lists of events arranged in chronological order....

Chronology as Topic - The temporal sequence of events that have occurred....

Chronotherapy - The adaptation of therapeutic approaches such as pharmacological (DRUG CHRONOTHERAPY), surgical, rad...

Chrysanthemum - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common names of daisy or marguerite are easily confused ...

Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium - A plant species of the genus CHRYSANTHEMUM, family ASTERACEAE. The flowers contain PYRETHRINS, ciner...

Chrysenes - 1,2-Benzphenanthrenes. POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS obtained from coal tar....

Chryseobacterium - A genus of aerobic, gram-negative bacteria in the family FLAVOBACTERIACEAE. Many of its species were...

Chrysobalanaceae - A plant family of the order ROSALES, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida....

Chrysosporium - A mitosporic Onygenaceae fungal genus which causes adiaspiromycosis, a pulmonary mycosis of man and ...

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - A group of religious bodies tracing their origin to Joseph Smith in 1830 and accepting the Book of M...

Churg-Strauss Syndrome - Widespread necrotizing angiitis with granulomas. Pulmonary involvement is frequent. Asthma or other ...

Chyle - An opaque, milky-white fluid consisting mainly of emulsified fats that passes through the lacteals o...

Chylomicron Remnants - Metabolic products of chylomicron particles in which TRIGLYCERIDES have been selectively removed by ...

Chylomicrons - A class of lipoproteins that carry dietary CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES from the SMALL INTESTINE to...

Chylothorax - The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Chylous Ascites - Presence of milky lymph (CHYLE) in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, with or without infection....

Chymases - A family of neutral serine proteases with CHYMOTRYPSIN-like activity. Chymases are primarily found i...

Chymopapain - A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic ...

Chymosin - The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is s...

Chymotrypsin - A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the ...

Chytridiomycota - A phylum of fungi that was formerly considered a subdivision of Phycomycetes. They are the only fung...

Cialit - Tissue preservative....

Cicatrix - The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING....

Cicatrix, Hypertrophic - An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is for...

Cicer - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE known for the edible beans....

Cichlids - Common name for perch-like fish of the family Cichlidae, belonging to the suborder Labroidei, order ...

Cicuta - A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. It is a source of cicutoxin....

Ciguatera Poisoning - Poisoning caused by ingestion of SEAFOOD containing microgram levels of CIGUATOXINS. The poisoning ...

Ciguatoxins - Polycyclic ethers produced by Gambierdiscus (DINOFLAGELLATES) from gambiertoxins, which are ingested...

Cilastatin - A renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, IMIPENEM,...

Cilazapril - One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a...

Cilia - Populations of thin, motile processes found covering the surface of ciliates (CILIOPHORA) or the fre...

Ciliary Arteries - Three groups of arteries found in the eye which supply the iris, pupil, sclera, conjunctiva, and the...

Ciliary Body - A ring of tissue extending from the scleral spur to the ora serrata of the retina. It consists of th...

Ciliary Motility Disorders - Conditions caused by abnormal CILIA movement in the body, usually causing KARTAGENER SYNDROME, chron...

Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor - A neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of various neuronal cell types and may play an impo...

Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor alpha Subunit - A ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor subunit. It is anchored to the cell surface via GLYCOSYLPHOSP...

Ciliophora - A phylum of EUKARYOTES characterized by the presence of cilia at some time during the life cycle. It...

Ciliophora Infections - Infections with protozoa of the phylum CILIOPHORA....

Cimetidine - A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetid...

Cimicidae - A family of wingless, blood-sucking insects of the suborder HETEROPTERA, including the bedbugs and r...

Cimicifuga - A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE that contains triterpenoid saponins. Remifemin from C. rac...

Cinanserin - A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity....

Cinchona - A genus of rubiaceous South American trees that yields the toxic CINCHONA ALKALOIDS from their bark;...

Cinchona Alkaloids - Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona....

Cineangiography - Motion pictures of the passage of contrast medium through blood vessels....

Cineradiography - Motion picture study of successive images appearing on a fluoroscopic screen....

Cinnamomum - A plant genus in the LAURACEAE family. The bark of the trees is used in FOLK MEDICINE and FLAVORING ...

Cinnamomum aromaticum - A plant species of the genus CINNAMOMUM that contains CINNAMATES and has been used in traditional Ch...

Cinnamomum camphora - A tree, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl, known as the source of CAMPHOR....

Cinnamomum zeylanicum - The tree which is known for its bark which is sold as cinnamon. The oil contains about 65-80% cinnam...

Cinnarizine - A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vaso...

Cinoxacin - Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECT...

Ciona intestinalis - The only species of a cosmopolitan ascidian. It is useful as a research animal....

Ciprofloxacin - A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline....

Circadian Rhythm - The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as ...

Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins - A broad category of proteins that regulate the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM of an organism. Included here are pr...

Circle of Willis - A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INT...

Circoviridae - A family of very small viruses containing circular, single-stranded DNA and possessing no envelope. ...

Circoviridae Infections - Virus diseases caused by the CIRCOVIRIDAE....

Circovirus - A genus of the family CIRCOVIRIDAE that infects SWINE; PSITTACINES; and non-psittacine BIRDS. Specie...

Circular Dichroism - A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses...

Circulatory and Respiratory Physiological Phenomena - Functional processes and properties characteristic of the BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and RESPIRAT...

Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced - A technique to arrest the flow of blood by lowering BODY TEMPERATURE to about 20 degrees Centigrade,...

Circumcision, Female - A general term encompassing three types of excision of the external female genitalia - Sunna, clitor...

Circumcision, Male - Excision of the prepuce of the penis (FORESKIN) or part of it....

Cirsium - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain pectolinarin (a flavonoid glycoside)....

Cisapride - A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroes...

Cisplatin - An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to ...

Cissampelos - A plant genus of the family MENISPERMACEAE. Members contain eletefine (a stephaoxocane alkaloid) and...

Cissus - A plant genus of the family VITACEAE. Cissus rufescence gum is considered comparable to TRAGACANTH....

Cistaceae - A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. The common name of ...

Cistanche - A plant genus of the family OROBANCHACEAE. Members contain phenylethanoid glycosides....

cis-trans-Isomerases - Enzymes that catalyze the rearrangement of geometry about double bonds. EC 5.2....

Cistus - A plant genus of the family CISTACEAE. The common name of rock rose is also sometimes used with the...

Citalopram - A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The dr...

Cities - A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center....

Citraconic Anhydrides - Methylmaleic anhydrides....

Citrate (si)-Synthase - Enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (CITRIC ACID CYCLE). It catalyz...

Citric Acid - A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citr...

Citric Acid Cycle - A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; ...

Citrinin - Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum....

Citrobacter - A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped enterobacteria that can use citrate as the sole source of carbo...

Citrobacter freundii - A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in humans and other a...

Citrobacter koseri - A species of gram-negative enterobacteria found in WATER; SEWAGE; SOIL; and FOOD. It can be present ...

Citrobacter rodentium - A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus CITROBACTER, family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE. As an impor...

Citrullinemia - A group of diseases related to a deficiency of the enzyme ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHASE which causes an...

Citrullus - A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE known for the edible fruit....

Citrus - A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. They bear the familiar citrus fruits including oranges, grape...

Citrus aurantiifolia - A plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that provides the familiar lime fruit. Its com...

Citrus paradisi - A plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that provides the familiar grapefruit. There is...

Citrus sinensis - A plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that provides the familiar orange fruit which i...

City Planning - Comprehensive planning for the physical development of the city....

Civil Defense - Preventive emergency measures and programs designed to protect the individual or community in times ...

Civil Disorders - Deliberate and planned acts of unlawful behavior engaged in by aggrieved segments of the population ...

Civil Rights - Legal guarantee protecting the individual from attack on personal liberties, right to fair trial, ri...

Civilization - The distinctly human attributes and attainments of a particular society....

Cladocera - A suborder of CRUSTACEA, order Diplostraca, comprising the water fleas. They are benthic filter feed...

Cladosporium - A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including some economically important plant parasites. T...

Cladribine - An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell l...

Clarithromycin - A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of m...

Clarkia - A plant genus, of the family ONAGRACEAE, which is the subject of genetic studies. The floral aroma i...

Classical Article - Works consisting of a current presentation of a previously printed seminal article marking a milesto...

Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias - Disorders comprising a spectrum of brain malformations representing the paradigm of a diffuse neuron...

Classical Swine Fever - An acute, highly contagious disease affecting swine of all ages and caused by the CLASSICAL SWINE FE...

Classical swine fever virus - A species of the PESTIVIRUS genus causing exceedingly contagious and fatal hemorrhagic disease of sw...

Classification - The systematic arrangement of entities in any field into categories classes based on common characte...

Clathrin - The main structural coat protein of COATED VESICLES which play a key role in the intracellular trans...

Clathrin Heavy Chains - The heavy chain subunits of clathrin....

Clathrin Light Chains - The light chain subunits of clathrin....

Clathrin-Coated Vesicles - Vesicles formed when cell-membrane coated pits (COATED PITS, CELL-MEMBRANE) invaginate and pinch off...

Claudins - A large family of transmembrane proteins found in TIGHT JUNCTIONS. They take part in the formation o...

Clausena - A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. Members contain anethole and CARBAZOLES....

Claviceps - A genus of ascomycetous fungi, family Clavicipitaceae, order Hypocreales, parasitic on various grass...

Clavulanic Acid - Clavulanic acid and its salts and esters. The acid is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamas...

Clavulanic Acids - Acids, salts, and derivatives of clavulanic acid (C8H9O5N). They consist of those beta-lactam compou...

Cleavage And Polyadenylation Specificity Factor - An RNA-binding protein that recognizes the AAUAAA RNA SEQUENCE at the 3' end of MRNA. It contains fo...

Cleavage Stage, Ovum - The earliest developmental stage of a fertilized ovum (ZYGOTE) during which there are several mitoti...

Cleavage Stimulation Factor - A RNA-binding protein that stimulates the cleavage of the 3' end of MRNA near the POLYADENYLATION si...

Cleft Lip - Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged med...

Cleft Palate - Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion....

Cleidocranial Dysplasia - A rare autosomal dominant condition in which there is defective ossification of the cranial bones wi...

Clemastine - A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin condit...

Clematis - A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain SCOPOLETIN and SAPONINS....

Clenbuterol - A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is u...

Cleome - A plant genus of the family CAPPARACEAE that contains cleogynol and 15alpha-acetoxycleomblynol (damm...

Clerodendrum - A plant genus of the family VERBENACEAE. Inerminosides (iridoid glycosides); colebroside A; STEROIDS...

Clethraceae - A plant family of the order Ericales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida....

Climacteric - Physiologic period, characterized by endocrine, somatic, and psychic changes with the termination of...

Climate - The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6...

Climate Change - Any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting ...

Climatic Processes - Characteristic events occurring in the ATMOSPHERE during the interactions and transformation of vari...

Climatotherapy - Therapy by finding a better CLIMATE for health....

Clindamycin - An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN....

Clinical Alarms - Components of medical instrumentation used for physiological evaluation of patients, that signal whe...

Clinical Audit - A detailed review and evaluation of selected clinical records by qualified professional personnel to...

Clinical Chemistry Tests - Laboratory tests demonstrating the presence of physiologically significant substances in the blood, ...

Clinical Clerkship - Undergraduate medical education programs for second- , third- , and fourth-year students in which th...

Clinical Competence - The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care....

Clinical Conference - Work that consists of a conference of physicians on their observations of a patient at the bedside, ...

Clinical Enzyme Tests - Analyses for a specific enzyme activity, or of the level of a specific enzyme that is used to assess...

Clinical Governance - A framework through which the United Kingdom's National Health Service organizations are accountable...

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems - Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve informat...

Clinical Laboratory Techniques - Techniques used to carry out clinical investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disea...

Clinical Medicine - The study and practice of medicine by direct examination of the patient....

Clinical Nursing Research - Research carried out by nurses in the clinical setting and designed to provide information that will...

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems - Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve informat...

Clinical Protocols - Precise and detailed plans for the study of a medical or biomedical problem and/or plans for a regim...

Clinical Trial - Work that is the report of a pre-planned clinical study of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage s...

Clinical Trial, Phase I - Work that is the report of a pre-planned, usually controlled, clinical study of the safety and effic...

Clinical Trial, Phase II - Work that is a report of a pre-planned, usually controlled, clinical study of the safety and efficac...

Clinical Trial, Phase III - Work that is a report of a pre-planned, usually controlled, clinical study of the safety and efficac...

Clinical Trial, Phase IV - Work that is a report of a planned post-marketing study of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic ...

Clinical Trials as Topic - Pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or m...

Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees - Committees established to review interim data and efficacy outcomes in clinical trials. The findings...

Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic - Studies performed to evaluate the safety of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices,...

Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic - Studies that are usually controlled to assess the effectiveness and dosage (if appropriate) of diagn...

Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic - Comparative studies to verify the effectiveness of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, d...

Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic - Planned post-marketing studies of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techni...

Clione - A genus of small, shell-less, marine mollusks in the family Clione, superorder GASTROPODA. These pte...

Clioquinol - A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intest...

Clitoria - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains ternatins (anthocyanins) and preternatins, antifu...

Cloaca - A dilated cavity extended caudally from the hindgut. In adult birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many ...

Cloacin - A bacteriocin produced by a plasmid that can occur in several bacterial strains. It is a basic prote...

Clobetasol - A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. ...

CLOCK Proteins - Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins that contain intrinsic HISTONE ACETYLTRANSF...

Clodronic Acid - A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcif...

Clofazimine - A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationa...

Clofenapate - An oral hypolipemic agent in dogs and rats....

Clofibrate - A fibric acid derivative used in the treatment of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III and severe HYPERTRIG...

Clofibric Acid - An antilipemic agent and the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE....

Clomiphene - A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the...

Clomipramine - A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin i...

Clonal Anergy - Functional inactivation of T- or B-lymphocytes rendering them incapable of eliciting an immune respo...

Clonal Deletion - Removal, via CELL DEATH, of immature lymphocytes that interact with antigens during maturation. For ...

Clonazepam - An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photose...

Clone Cells - A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis ...

Clonidine - An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Clonidine acts centrally by redu...

Cloning, Molecular - The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replica...

Cloning, Organism - The formation of one or more genetically identical organisms derived by vegetative reproduction from...

Clonixin - Anti-inflammatory analgesic....

Clonorchiasis - Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It ma...

Clonorchis sinensis - A species of trematode flukes of the family Opisthorchidae. Many authorities consider this genus bel...

Clopamide - A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic....

Clopenthixol - A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antago...

Clopidol - A very effective anticoccidial agent used in poultry....

Cloprostenol - A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the sy...

Clorazepate Dipotassium - A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle ...

Clorgyline - An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE....

Closing Volume - The lung volume at which the dependent lung zones cease to ventilate presumably as a result of airwa...

Closteroviridae - A family of plant viruses containing the largest single-stranded RNA genomes. Infections typically i...

Closterovirus - A genus of plant viruses in the family CLOSTEROVIRIDAE containing highly flexuous filaments. Some me...

Clostridium - A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species hav...

Clostridium acetobutylicum - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, used for the industrial production...

Clostridium beijerinckii - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, capable of solventogenesis, and is...

Clostridium bifermentans - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that ferments both CARBOHYDRATES an...

Clostridium botulinum - A species of anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that produce...

Clostridium botulinum type A - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A which is neurotoxic to humans ...

Clostridium botulinum type B - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type B which is neurotoxic to humans ...

Clostridium botulinum type C - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type C which is neurotoxic to ANIMALS...

Clostridium botulinum type D - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type D which is neurotoxic to ANIMALS...

Clostridium botulinum type E - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type E which is neurotoxic to humans ...

Clostridium botulinum type F - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type F which is neurotoxic to humans ...

Clostridium botulinum type G - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type G. Though it has been isolated f...

Clostridium butyricum - Type species of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM, a gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is ...

Clostridium cellulolyticum - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is a cellulolytic, mesophilic s...

Clostridium cellulovorans - A species of gram-positive, cellulolytic bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It produces CELLULOS...

Clostridium chauvoei - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae isolated from infected CATTLE; SHEE...

Clostridium difficile - A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. It produces a toxin...

Clostridium histolyticum - A species of gram-positive, strongly proteolytic bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It contains ...

Clostridium Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM....

Clostridium kluyveri - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is distinctive for its ability ...

Clostridium perfringens - The most common etiologic agent of GAS GANGRENE. It is differentiable into several distinct types ba...

Clostridium septicum - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. Infections have a strong associati...

Clostridium sordellii - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, found in INTESTINES and SOIL....

Clostridium sticklandii - A species of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae frequently used for the ...

Clostridium symbiosum - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. Its GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE is com...

Clostridium tertium - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, causing BACTEREMIA in humans and A...

Clostridium tetani - The cause of TETANUS in humans and domestic animals. It is a common inhabitant of human and horse in...

Clostridium tetanomorphum - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. Its glutamate mutase is commonly u...

Clostridium thermocellum - A species of gram-positive, thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria in the family Clostridaceae. It degr...

Clostridium tyrobutyricum - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae responsible for spoilage of some CH...

Clot Retraction - Retraction of a clot resulting from contraction of PLATELET pseudopods attached to FIBRIN strands. T...

Clotrimazole - An imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of t...

Clove Oil - An oil from flower buds of SYZYGIUM trees which contains large amounts of EUGENOL....

Cloxacillin - A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN....

Clozapine - A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types o...

Clubfoot - A deformed foot in which the foot is plantarflexed, inverted and adducted....

Clusia - A plant genus of the family CLUSIACEAE. Members contain benzophenones....

Clusiaceae - The mangosteen plant family (sometimes classified as Guttiferae; also known as Hypericaceae) of the ...

Cluster Analysis - A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related sub...

Cluster Headache - A primary headache disorder that is characterized by severe, strictly unilateral PAIN which is orbit...

Clusterin - A highly conserved heterodimeric glycoprotein that is differentially expressed during many severe ph...

Clutch Size - The number of offspring produced at one birth by an oviparous or ovoviviparous animal....

Cnicus - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain cnicin....

Cnidaria - A phylum of radially symmetrical invertebrates characterized by possession of stinging cells called ...

Cnidarian Venoms - Venoms from jellyfish; CORALS; SEA ANEMONES; etc. They contain hemo-, cardio-, dermo- , and neuro-to...

Cnidium - A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. Members contain osthol....

Coagulants - Exogenous substances used to promote blood coagulation. The endogenous BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS are...

Coagulase - Enzymes that cause coagulation in plasma by forming a complex with human PROTHROMBIN. Coagulases are...

Coagulation Protein Disorders - Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders resulting from abnormalities or deficiencies of coagulation pro...

Coal - A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental condi...

Coal Tar - A by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antip...

Coat Protein Complex I - A protein complex comprised of COATOMER PROTEIN and ADP RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1. It is involved in tra...

Coated Materials, Biocompatible - Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, the...

Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane - Specialized regions of the cell membrane composed of pits coated with a bristle covering made of the...

Coated Vesicles - Vesicles formed when cell-membrane coated pits (COATED PITS, CELL-MEMBRANE) invaginate and pinch off...

Coatomer Protein - A 700-kDa cytosolic protein complex consisting of seven equimolar subunits (alpha, beta, beta', gamm...

Cobalt - A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, a...

Cobalt Isotopes - Stable cobalt atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cobalt, but differ in atomic wei...

Cobalt Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of cobalt that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Co atoms with atomic weig...

Cobblestone Lissencephaly - The smooth pebbled appearance of the CEREBRAL CORTEX with a thickened cortex and reduced and abnorma...

Cobra - A genus of poisonous snakes of the subfamily Elapinae of the family ELAPIDAE. There are six recogniz...

Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins - Most abundant proteins in COBRA venom; basic polypeptides of 57 to 62 amino acids with four disulfid...

Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins - Toxins, contained in cobra (Naja) venom that block cholinergic receptors; two specific proteins have...

Cobra Venoms - Venoms from snakes of the genus Naja (family Elapidae). They contain many specific proteins that hav...

Coca - Any of several South American shrubs of the Erythroxylon genus (and family) that yield COCAINE; the ...

Cocaine - An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and v...

Cocaine-Related Disorders - Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine....

Cocarcinogenesis - The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer....

Coccidia - A subclass of protozoans commonly parasitic in the epithelial cells of the intestinal tract but also...

Coccidioides - A mitosporic fungal genus which causes COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS....

Coccidioidin - A sterile solution containing the by-products of growth products of COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS, injected i...

Coccidioidomycosis - Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is ...

Coccidiosis - Protozoan infection found in animals and man. It is caused by several different genera of COCCIDIA....

Coccidiostats - Agents useful in the treatment or prevention of COCCIDIOSIS in man or animals....

Cocculus - A plant genus of the family MENISPERMACEAE. Members contain sinococuline, coccuvine and other ALKALO...

Cochlea - The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of ...

Cochlear Aqueduct - A fine channel that passes through the TEMPORAL BONE near the SCALA TYMPANI (the basilar turn of the...

Cochlear Diseases - Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (COCHLEA) of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which can ...

Cochlear Duct - A spiral tube that is firmly suspended in the bony shell-shaped part of the cochlea. This ENDOLYMPH-...

Cochlear Implantation - Surgical insertion of an electronic hearing device (COCHLEAR IMPLANTS) with electrodes to the COCHLE...

Cochlear Implants - Electronic hearing devices typically used for patients with normal outer and middle ear function, bu...

Cochlear Microphonic Potentials - The electric response of the cochlear hair cells to acoustic stimulation....

Cochlear Nerve - The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The cochlear nerve fibers orig...

Cochlear Nucleus - The brain stem nucleus that receives the central input from the cochlear nerve. The cochlear nucleus...

Cockatoos - Large crested BIRDS in the family Cacatuidae, found in Australia, New Guinea, and islands adjacent t...

Cockayne Syndrome - A syndrome characterized by multiple system abnormalities including DWARFISM; PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISOR...

Cockroaches - Insects of the order Dictyoptera comprising several families including Blaberidae, BLATTELLIDAE, Bla...

Cocos - A plant genus of the family ARECACEAE. It is a tropical palm tree that yields a large, edible hard-s...

Coculture Techniques - A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic intera...

Cod Liver Oil - Oil obtained from fresh livers of the cod family, Gadidae. It is a source of VITAMIN A and VITAMIN D...

Codeine - An opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative ...

Codependency (Psychology) - A relational pattern in which a person attempts to derive a sense of purpose through relationships w...

Codes of Ethics - Systematic statements of principles or rules of appropriate professional conduct, usually establishe...

Codon - A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a ...

Codon, Initiator - A codon that directs initiation of protein translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) by stimulating the bin...

Codon, Nonsense - An amino acid-specifying codon that has been converted to a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR) by mutati...

Codon, Terminator - Any codon that signals the termination of genetic translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). PEPTIDE TERMIN...

Codonopsis - A plant genus of the family CAMPANULACEAE. The common name of bellflower may sometimes be confused ...

Coelomomyces - A genus of fungi in the phylum BLASTOCLADIOMYCOTA. They exhibit complex life cycles and are parasiti...

Coenzyme A Ligases - Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1....

Coenzyme A-Transferases - Enzymes which transfer coenzyme A moieties from acyl- or acetyl-CoA to various carboxylic acceptors ...

Coenzymes - Small molecules that are required for the catalytic function of ENZYMES. Many VITAMINS are coenzymes...

Coercion - The use of force or intimidation to obtain compliance....

Coffea - A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE. It is best known for the COFFEE beverage prepared from the be...

Coffee - A beverage made from ground COFFEA beans (SEEDS) infused in hot water. It generally contains CAFFEIN...

Coffin-Lowry Syndrome - A rare, X-linked mental retardation syndrome that results from mutations in the RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6...

Cofilin 1 - Cofilin 1 is a member of the cofilin family of proteins that is expressed in non-muscle CELLS. It ha...

Cofilin 2 - A member of the cofilin family of proteins that is expressed in MUSCLE CELLS. It has ACTIN depolyme...

Coformycin - A ribonucleoside antibiotic synergist and adenosine deaminase inhibitor isolated from Nocardia inter...

Cogan Syndrome - A condition consisting of inflammatory eye disease usually presenting as interstitial KERATITIS, ves...

Cognition - Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism becomes aware of or obtains knowledge....

Cognition Disorders - Disturbances in the mental process related to thinking, reasoning, and judgment....

Cognitive Dissonance - Motivational state produced by inconsistencies between simultaneously held cognitions or between a c...

Cognitive Science - The study of the precise nature of different mental tasks and the operations of the brain that enabl...

Cognitive Therapy - A direct form of psychotherapy based on the interpretation of situations (cognitive structure of exp...

Cohort Effect - Variation in health status arising from different causal factors to which each birth cohort in a pop...

Cohort Studies - Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be expo...

Coiled Bodies - A distinct subnuclear domain enriched in splicesomal snRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEAR) and ...

Coitus - The sexual union of a male and a female, a term used for human only....

Coitus Interruptus - A contraceptive method whereby coitus is purposely interrupted in order to prevent EJACULATION of SE...

Coix - A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The seed is used in folk medicine (DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL)....

Coke - A residue of coal, left after dry (destructive) distillation, used as a fuel....

Cola - A plant genus of the family STERCULIACEAE. This is the source of the kola nut which contains CAFFEI...

Colchicine - A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary ...

Colchicum - A genus of poisonous, liliaceous plants. The roots (corms) of Colchicum autumnale, the fall crocus o...

Cold Climate - A climate characterized by COLD TEMPERATURE for a majority of the time during the year....

Cold Ischemia - The chilling of a tissue or organ during decreased BLOOD perfusion or in the absence of blood supply...

Cold Temperature - An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm....

Colectomy - Excision of a portion of the colon or of the whole colon. (Dorland, 28th ed)...

Colestipol - Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also m...

Coleus - A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE which is the natural source of FORSKOLIN....

Colic - A clinical syndrome with intermittent abdominal pain characterized by sudden onset and cessation. It...

Colicins - Bacteriocins elaborated by strains of Escherichia coli and related species. They are proteins or pro...

Colinus - A genus of QUAIL, in the family Odontophoridae, comprised of at least four different species of bobw...

Colipases - Colipase I and II, consisting of 94-95 and 84-85 amino acid residues, respectively, have been isolat...

Coliphages - Viruses whose host is Escherichia coli....

Colistin - Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or C...

Colitis - Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms s...

Colitis, Collagenous - A subtype of MICROSCOPIC COLITIS, characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a norm...

Colitis, Ischemic - Inflammation of the COLON due to colonic ISCHEMIA resulting from alterations in systemic circulation...

Colitis, Lymphocytic - A subtype of MICROSCOPIC COLITIS, characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a norm...

Colitis, Microscopic - A condition characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a normal COLONOSCOPY but abn...

Colitis, Ulcerative - Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include D...

Collagen - A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It i...

Collagen Diseases - Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, s...

Collagen Type I - The most common form of fibrillar collagen. It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and S...

Collagen Type II - A fibrillar collagen found predominantly in CARTILAGE and vitreous humor. It consists of three ident...

Collagen Type III - A fibrillar collagen consisting of three identical alpha1(III) chains that is widely distributed in ...

Collagen Type IV - A non-fibrillar collagen found in the structure of BASEMENT MEMBRANE. Collagen type IV molecules ass...

Collagen Type IX - A fibril-associated collagen usually found crosslinked to the surface of COLLAGEN TYPE II fibrils. ...

Collagen Type V - A fibrillar collagen found widely distributed as a minor component in tissues that contain COLLAGEN ...

Collagen Type VI - A non-fibrillar collagen that forms a network of MICROFIBRILS within the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of CON...

Collagen Type VII - A non-fibrillar collagen involved in anchoring the epidermal BASEMENT MEMBRANE to underlying tissue....

Collagen Type VIII - A non-fibrillar collagen originally found in DESCEMET MEMBRANE. It is expressed in endothelial cell ...

Collagen Type X - A non-fibrillar collagen found primarily in terminally differentiated hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES. It ...

Collagen Type XI - A fibrillar collagen found primarily in interstitial CARTILAGE. Collagen type XI is heterotrimer con...

Collagen Type XII - A fibril-associated collagen found in many tissues bearing high tensile stress, such as TENDONS and ...

Collagen Type XIII - A non-fibrillar collagen found as a ubiquitously expressed membrane- associated protein. Type XIII c...

Collagen Type XVIII - A non-fibrillar collagen found in BASEMENT MEMBRANE. The C-terminal end of the alpha1 chain of colla...

Collagenases - Enzymes that catalyze the degradation of collagen by acting on the peptide bonds. EC 3.4.24.-....

Collapse Therapy - Surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis whereby the lung is totally or partially, temporarily o...

Collateral Circulation - Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maint...

Collateral Ligaments - A number of ligaments on either side of, and serving as a radius of movement of, a joint having a hi...

Collected Correspondence - Works consisting of collected letters by or about a person or on a subject....

Collected Works - Works consisting of collections of previously published works....

Collectins - A class of C-type lectins that target the carbohydrate structures found on invading pathogens. Bindi...

Collections - Works that consist of collections of objects....

Collective Bargaining - The process of negotiation between representatives of an employee organization, association or union...

College Admission Test - Test designed to identify students suitable for admission into a graduate or undergraduate curriculu...

Colles' Fracture - Fracture of the lower end of the radius in which the lower fragment is displaced posteriorly....

Colletotrichum - A genus of mitosporic Phyllachoraceae fungi which contains at least 40 species of plant parasites. T...

Collodion - A nitrocellulose solution in ether and alcohol. Collodion has a wide range of uses in industry inclu...

Colloid Cysts - Benign, congenital, neuroepithelial cysts that are typically filled with a viscous mucus. They usual...

Colloids - Two-phase systems in which one is uniformly dispersed in another as particles small enough so they c...

Colobinae - A subfamily of the Old World monkeys, CERCOPITHECIDAE, that inhabits the forests of Africa and Asia....

Coloboma - Congenital anomaly in which some of the structures of the eye are absent due to incomplete fusion of...

Colobus - A genus of Old World monkeys, subfamily COLOBINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, that inhabits the forests...

Colocasia - A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. Members contain acrid calcium oxalate and LECTINS. Polynesians ...

Colon - The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; th...

Colon, Ascending - The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the TRANSVERSE COLON. It passes cephalad from t...

Colon, Descending - The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between TRANSVERSE COLON and the SIGMOID COLON....

Colon, Sigmoid - A segment of the COLON between the RECTUM and the descending colon....

Colon, Transverse - The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between ASCENDING COLON and DESCENDING COLON. It passes from the RIGH...

Colonialism - The aggregate of various economic, political, and social policies by which an imperial power maintai...

Colonic Diseases - Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE)....

Colonic Diseases, Functional - Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation...

Colonic Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the COLON....

Colonic Polyps - Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the ...

Colonic Pouches - Sacs or reservoirs created to function in place of the COLON and/or RECTUM in patients who have unde...

Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction - Functional obstruction of the COLON leading to MEGACOLON in the absence of obvious COLONIC DISEASES ...

Colonography, Computed Tomographic - A non-invasive imaging method that uses computed tomographic data combined with specialized imaging ...

Colonoscopes - Specially designed endoscopes for visualizing the interior surface of the colon....

Colonoscopy - Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon....

Colony Collapse - The sudden collapse and disappearance or diminution of a colony of organisms....

Colony Count, Microbial - Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capab...

Colony-Forming Units Assay - A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of stem cells by assaying their activity...

Colony-Stimulating Factors - Glycoproteins found in a subfraction of normal mammalian plasma and urine. They stimulate the prolif...

Colony-Stimulating Factors, Recombinant - COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS prepared by recombinant DNA technology....

Color - The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengt...

Color Perception - Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they a...

Color Therapy - A form of phototherapy using color to influence health and to treat various physical or mental disor...

Color Vision - Function of the human eye that is used in bright illumination or in daylight (at photopic intensitie...

Color Vision Defects - Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or development...

Colorado Tick Fever - A febrile illness characterized by chills, aches, vomiting, leukopenia, and sometimes encephalitis. ...

Colorado tick fever virus - A species of COLTIVIRUS transmitted by the tick DERMACENTOR andersonii and causing fever, chills, ac...

Colorectal Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chro...

Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis - A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. ...

Colorectal Surgery - A surgical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and abnormalities of th...

Colorimetry - Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may ...

Coloring Agents - Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are u...

Colostomy - The surgical construction of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body....

Colostrum - The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postp...

Colposcopes - Instruments inserted into the vagina for examination of the tissues of the vagina and cervix by mean...

Colposcopy - The examination, therapy or surgery of the cervix and vagina by means of a specially designed endosc...

Colpotomy - An incision in the vagina....

Coltivirus - A genus of REOVIRIDAE infecting Ixodidae ticks and transmitted by them to humans, deer, and small an...

Colubridae - The largest family of snakes, comprising five subfamilies: Colubrinae, Natricinae, Homalopsinae, Lyc...

Colubrina - A plant genus of the family RHAMNACEAE. Members contain antifungal jujubogenin saponins....

Columbia SK virus - A strain of ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS, a species of CARDIOVIRUS, that infects rodents....

Columbidae - Family in the order COLUMBIFORMES, comprised of pigeons or doves. They are BIRDS with short legs, st...

Columbiformes - An order of BIRDS comprised of PIGEONS; DOVES; and an extinct family that includes dodos....

Coma - A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the indiv...

Coma, Post-Head Injury - Prolonged unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused, associated with traumatic inj...

Comamonadaceae - A family of gram-negative aerobic bacteria in the class BETA PROTEOBACTERIA, encompassing the acidov...

Comamonas - A genus of gram-negative, straight or slightly curved rods which are motile by polar flagella and wh...

Comamonas testosteroni - A species of gram-negative, aerobic rods formerly called Pseudomonas testosteroni. It is differentia...

Combat Disorders - Neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress....

Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques - A chemistry-based technology in which sets of reactions, for solution or solid-phase synthesis, are ...

Combined Modality Therapy - The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. C...

Combretaceae - A plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are mostly trees a...

Combretum - A plant genus of the family COMBRETACEAE. Triterpenes and combretastatin have been identified in mem...

Comet Assay - A genotoxicological technique for measuring DNA damage in an individual cell using single-cell gel e...

Comfrey - Perennial herb Symphytum officinale, in the family Boraginaceae, used topically for wound healing. I...

Commelina - A plant genus of the family COMMELINACEAE of perennial herbs with blue flowers....

Commelinaceae - A plant family of the order Commelinales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) t...

Comment - Work consisting of a critical or explanatory note written to discuss, support, or dispute an article...

Commerce - The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or...

Commiphora - A plant genus of the family BURSERACEAE which is a source of gugulipid and guggulu extract. Balm of ...

Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities - The non-profit, non-governmental organization which collects, processes, and distributes data on hos...

Commitment of Mentally Ill - Legal process required for the institutionalization of a patient with severe mental problems....

Committee Membership - The composition of a committee; the state or status of being a member of a committee....

Commodification - The social process by which something or someone comes to be regarded and treated as an article of t...

Common Bile Duct - The largest bile duct. It is formed by the junction of the CYSTIC DUCT and the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT....

Common Bile Duct Diseases - Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI....

Common Bile Duct Neoplasms - Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI....

Common Cold - A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It gen...

Common Dolphins - The genus Delphinus, in the family Delphinidae, consisting of two species of DOLPHINS. They are mult...

Common Variable Immunodeficiency - Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most iso...

Commotio Cordis - A sudden CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA (e.g., VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION) caused by a blunt, non-penetrating impa...

Communicable Disease Control - Programs of surveillance designed to prevent the transmission of disease by any means from person to...

Communicable Diseases, Emerging - Reporting of new and reemerging infectious diseases and studies that seek to improve the understandi...

Communication - The exchange or transmission of ideas, attitudes, or beliefs between individuals or groups....

Communication Aids for Disabled - Equipment that provides mentally or physically disabled persons with a means of communication. The a...

Communication Barriers - Those factors, such as language or sociocultural relationships, which interfere in the meaningful in...

Communication Disorders - Disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication caused by receptive or expressive LANGUAGE DISORDERS...

Communication Methods, Total - Utilization of all available receptive and expressive modes for the purpose of achieving communicati...

Communications Media - The means of interchanging or transmitting and receiving information. Historically the media were wr...

Communism - A totalitarian system of government in which a single authoritarian party controls state-owned means...

Community Dentistry - The practice of dentistry concerned with preventive as well as diagnostic and treatment programs in ...

Community Health Aides - Persons trained to assist professional health personnel in communicating with residents in the commu...

Community Health Centers - Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to people living in a community or ...

Community Health Nursing - General and comprehensive nursing practice directed to individuals, families, or groups as it relate...

Community Health Planning - Planning that has the goals of improving health, improving accessibility to health services, and pro...

Community Health Services - Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health services provided for individuals in the community....

Community Medicine - A branch of medicine concerned with the total health of the individual within the home environment a...

Community Mental Health Centers - Facilities which administer the delivery of psychologic and psychiatric services to people living in...

Community Mental Health Services - Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive mental health services provided for individuals in the commun...

Community Networks - Organizations and individuals cooperating together toward a common goal at the local or grassroots l...

Community Pharmacy Services - Total pharmaceutical services provided to the public through community pharmacies....

Community Psychiatry - Branch of psychiatry concerned with the provision and delivery of a coordinated program of mental he...

Community-Acquired Infections - Any infection acquired in the community, that is, contrasted with those acquired in a health care fa...

Community-Based Participatory Research - Collaborative process of research involving researchers and community representatives....

Community-Institutional Relations - The interactions between members of a community and representatives of the institutions within that ...

Comorbidity - The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with re...

Comoros - A group of Indian Ocean Islands, the islands of Great Comoro, Anjouan, Mayotte, and Moheli, lying be...

Comoviridae - A family of non-enveloped RNA plant viruses, transmitted by biological vectors and experimentally by...

Comovirus - A genus of plant viruses of the family COMOVIRIDAE in which the bipartite genome is encapsidated in ...

Compact Disks - Computer disks storing data with a maximum reduction of space and bandwidth. The compact size reduce...

Comparative Effectiveness Research - Conduct and synthesis of systematic research comparing interventions and strategies to prevent, diag...

Comparative Genomic Hybridization - A method for analyzing and mapping differences in the copy number of specific genes or other large s...

Comparative Study - Comparison of outcomes, results, responses, etc for different techniques, therapeutic approaches or ...

Compartment Syndromes - Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and ...

Compassionate Use Trials - Providing an investigational therapy to a patient who is not eligible to receive that therapy in a c...

Compensation and Redress - Payment, or other means of making amends, for a wrong or injury....

Competency-Based Education - Educational programs designed to ensure that students attain prespecified levels of competence in a ...

Competitive Behavior - The direct struggle between individuals for environmental necessities or for a common goal....

Competitive Bidding - Pricing statements presented by more than one party for the purpose of securing a contract....

Competitive Medical Plans - Alternative health care delivery mechanisms, such as PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS or other healt...

Complement Activating Enzymes - Enzymes that activate one or more COMPLEMENT PROTEINS in the complement system leading to the format...

Complement Activation - The sequential activation of serum COMPLEMENT PROTEINS to create the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMP...

Complement C1 - The first complement component to act in the activation of CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. It is a cal...

Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins - Serum proteins that inhibit, antagonize, or inactivate COMPLEMENT C1 or its subunits....

Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein - An endogenous 105-kDa plasma glycoprotein produced primarily by the LIVER and MONOCYTES. It inhibits...

Complement C1q - A subcomponent of complement C1, composed of six copies of three polypeptide chains (A, B, and C), e...

Complement C1r - A 80-kDa subcomponent of complement C1, existing as a SERINE PROTEASE proenzyme in the intact comple...

Complement C1s - A 77-kDa subcomponent of complement C1, encoded by gene C1S, is a SERINE PROTEASE existing as a proe...

Complement C2 - A component of the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. C2 is cleaved by activated COMPLEMENT C1S into COMP...

Complement C2a - The COOH-terminal fragment of COMPLEMENT 2, released by the action of activated COMPLEMENT C1S. It i...

Complement C2b - The N-terminal fragment of COMPLEMENT 2, released by the action of activated COMPLEMENT C1S....

Complement C3 - A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIV...

Complement C3 Convertase, Alternative Pathway - A serine protease that is the complex of COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT FACTOR BB. It cleaves multipl...

Complement C3 Convertase, Classical Pathway - A serine protease that cleaves multiple COMPLEMENT 3 into COMPLEMENT 3A (anaphylatoxin) and COMPLEME...

Complement C3 Nephritic Factor - An IgG autoantibody against the ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE, found in serum of patients with M...

Complement C3a - The smaller fragment generated from the cleavage of complement C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. C3a, a 77-amino ...

Complement C3b - The larger fragment generated from the cleavage of COMPLEMENT C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. It is a constitu...

Complement C3b Inactivator Proteins - Endogenous proteins that inhibit or inactivate COMPLEMENT C3B. They include COMPLEMENT FACTOR H and ...

Complement C3c - A 206-amino-acid fragment in the alpha chain (672-1663) of C3b. It is generated when C3b is inactiva...

Complement C3-C5 Convertases - Serine proteases that cleave COMPLEMENT C3 into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, or cleave COMPLEM...

Complement C3-C5 Convertases, Alternative Pathway - Important enzymes in the ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. They cleave COMPLEMENT C3 and CO...

Complement C3-C5 Convertases, Classical Pathway - Important enzymes in the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. They cleave COMPLEMENT C3 and COMP...

Complement C3d - A 302-amino-acid fragment in the alpha chain (672-1663) of C3b. It is generated when C3b is inactiva...

Complement C4 - A glycoprotein that is important in the activation of CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. C4 is cleaved by...

Complement C4a - The smaller fragment formed when complement C4 is cleaved by COMPLEMENT C1S. It is an anaphylatoxin ...

Complement C4b - The large fragment formed when COMPLEMENT C4 is cleaved by COMPLEMENT C1S. The membrane-bound C4b bi...

Complement C4b-Binding Protein - A serum protein that regulates the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. It binds as a cofactor t...

Complement C5 - C5 plays a central role in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. ...

Complement C5 Convertase, Alternative Pathway - A serine protease that cleaves multiple COMPLEMENT C5 into COMPLEMENT C5A (anaphylatoxin) and COMPLE...

Complement C5 Convertase, Classical Pathway - A serine protease that cleaves multiple COMPLEMENT 5 into COMPLEMENT 5A (anaphylatoxin) and COMPLEME...

Complement C5a - The minor fragment formed when C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and COMPLEMENT C5B. C5a is a 74-ami...

Complement C5a, des-Arginine - A derivative of complement C5a, generated when the carboxy-terminal ARGININE is removed by CARBOXYPE...

Complement C5b - The larger fragment generated from the cleavage of C5 by C5 CONVERTASE that yields COMPLEMENT C5A a...

Complement C6 - A 105-kDa serum glycoprotein with significant homology to the other late complement components, C7-C...

Complement C7 - A 93-kDa serum glycoprotein encoded by C7 gene. It is a polypeptide chain with 28 disulfide bridges....

Complement C8 - A 150-kDa serum glycoprotein composed of three subunits with each encoded by a different gene (C8A; ...

Complement C9 - A 63-kDa serum glycoprotein encoded by gene C9. Monomeric C9 (mC9) binds the C5b-8 complex to form C...

Complement Factor B - A glycine-rich, heat-labile serum glycoprotein that contains a component of the C3 CONVERTASE ALTERN...

Complement Factor D - A serum protein which is important in the ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. This enzyme cle...

Complement Factor H - An important soluble regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation (COMPLEMENT ACTIV...

Complement Factor I - A plasma serine proteinase that cleaves the alpha-chains of C3b and C4b in the presence of the cofac...

Complement Fixation Tests - Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Bindi...

Complement Hemolytic Activity Assay - A screening assay for circulating COMPLEMENT PROTEINS. Diluted SERUM samples are added to antibody-c...

Complement Inactivating Agents - Compounds that negatively regulate the cascade process of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Uncontrolled comple...

Complement Inactivator Proteins - Serum proteins that negatively regulate the cascade process of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Uncontrolled c...

Complement Membrane Attack Complex - A product of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION cascade, regardless of the pathways, that forms transmembrane cha...

Complement Pathway, Alternative - Complement activation initiated by the interaction of microbial ANTIGENS with COMPLEMENT C3B. When C...

Complement Pathway, Classical - Complement activation initiated by the binding of COMPLEMENT C1 to ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES at the...

Complement Pathway, Mannose-Binding Lectin - Complement activation triggered by the interaction of microbial POLYSACCHARIDES with serum MANNOSE-B...

Complement System Proteins - Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that create...

Complementarity Determining Regions - Three regions (CDR1; CDR2 and CDR3) of amino acid sequence in the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION tha...

Complementary Therapies - Therapeutic practices which are not currently considered an integral part of conventional allopathic...

Complex Mixtures - Mixtures of many components in inexact proportions, usually natural, such as PLANT EXTRACTS; VENOMS;...

Complex Regional Pain Syndromes - Conditions characterized by pain involving an extremity or other body region, HYPERESTHESIA, and loc...

Compliance - Distensibility measure of a chamber such as the lungs (LUNG COMPLIANCE) or bladder. Compliance is ex...

Complicity - Association with or participation in an act that is, or is perceived to be, criminal or immoral. On...

Compomers - Composite materials composed of an ion-leachable glass embedded in a polymeric matrix. They differ f...

Composite Resins - Synthetic resins, containing an inert filler, that are widely used in dentistry....

Compound Eye, Arthropod - Light sensory organ in ARTHROPODS consisting of a large number of ommatidia, each functioning as an ...

Comprehension - The act or fact of grasping the meaning, nature, or importance of; understanding. (American Heritage...

Comprehensive Dental Care - Providing for the full range of dental health services for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and reha...

Comprehensive Health Care - Providing for the full range of personal health services for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and reh...

Compressive Strength - The maximum compression a material can withstand without failure. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Sc...

Compulsive Behavior - The behavior of performing an act persistently and repetitively without it leading to reward or plea...

Compulsive Personality Disorder - Disorder characterized by an emotionally constricted manner that is unduly conventional, serious, fo...

Computational Biology - A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation ...

Computer Communication Networks - A system containing any combination of computers, computer terminals, printers, audio or visual disp...

Computer Graphics - The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and...

Computer Literacy - General learning, knowledge, and fluency with computer terms; also, becoming familiar with how compu...

Computer Peripherals - Various units or machines that operate in combination or in conjunction with a computer but are not ...

Computer Security - Protective measures against unauthorized access to or interference with computer operating systems, ...

Computer Simulation - Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes....

Computer Storage Devices - Devices capable of receiving data, retaining data for an indefinite or finite period of time, and su...

Computer Systems - Systems composed of a computer or computers, peripheral equipment, such as disks, printers, and term...

Computer Terminals - Input/output devices designed to receive data in an environment associated with the job to be perfor...

Computer User Training - Process of teaching a person to interact and communicate with a computer....

Computer-Aided Design - The use of computers for designing and/or manufacturing of anything, including drugs, surgical proce...

Computer-Assisted Instruction - A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed inst...

Computers, Analog - Computers in which quantities are represented by physical variables; problem parameters are translat...

Computers, Handheld - MICROCOMPUTERS, sometimes called PDA, that are very small and portable, fitting in a hand, and that ...

Computers, Hybrid - Computers that combine the functions of analog and digital computers. (Sippl, Computer Dictionary, 4...

Computers, Mainframe - Large computers in both size and capacity....

Computers, Molecular - Computers whose input, output and state transitions are carried out by biochemical interactions and ...

Computing Methodologies - Computer-assisted analysis and processing of problems in a particular area....

Conalbumin - A glycoprotein albumin from hen's egg white with strong iron-binding affinity....

Concanavalin A - A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent ...

Concentration Camps - Facilities in which war or political prisoners are confined....

Concept Formation - A cognitive process involving the formation of ideas generalized from the knowledge of qualities, as...

Concurrent Review - Review of the medical necessity of hospital or other health facility admissions, upon or within a sh...

Condiments - Aromatic substances added to food before or after cooking to enhance its flavor. These are usually o...

Conditioning (Psychology) - A general term referring to the learning of some particular response....

Conditioning, Classical - Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus....

Conditioning, Eyelid - Reflex closure of the eyelid occurring as a result of classical conditioning....

Conditioning, Operant - Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing rei...

Condoms - A sheath that is worn over the penis during sexual behavior in order to prevent pregnancy or spread ...

Condoms, Female - A soft, loose-fitting polyurethane sheath, closed at one end, with flexible rings at both ends. The ...

Conduct Disorder - A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-app...

Conductometry - Determination of the quantity of a material present in a mixture by measurement of its effect on the...

Condylomata Acuminata - Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses....

Cone Opsins - Photosensitive proteins expressed in the CONE PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are the protein components o...

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography - Computed tomography modalities which use a cone or pyramid-shaped beam of radiation....

Confidence Intervals - A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a spe...

Confidentiality - The privacy of information and its protection against unauthorized disclosure....

Confined Spaces - A space which has limited openings for entry and exit combined with unfavorable natural ventilation ...

Conflict (Psychology) - The internal individual struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, or external ...

Conflict of Interest - A situation in which an individual might benefit personally from official or professional actions. I...

Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) - Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are n...

Confucianism - A school of thought and set of moral, ethical, and political teachings usually considered to be foun...

Confusion - A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and per...

Congenital Abnormalities - Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero....

Congenital Hypothyroidism - A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can...

Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities - Diseases existing at birth and often before birth, or that develop during the first month of life (I...

Congo - A republic in central Africa lying between GABON and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and south of C...

Congo Red - An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologicall...

Congresses - Published records of the papers delivered at or issued on the occasion of individual congresses, sym...

Congresses as Topic - Conferences, conventions or formal meetings usually attended by delegates representing a special fie...

Conidiobolus - A genus of fungi in the family Ancylistaceae, order ENTOMOPHTHORALES, characterized by the presence ...

Coniferophyta - A plant division of GYMNOSPERMS consisting of cone-bearing trees and shrubs....

Conium - A plant genus of the family APIACEAE that is a source of coniine....

Conization - The excision of a cone of tissue, especially of the CERVIX UTERI....

Conjugation, Genetic - A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chro...

Conjunctiva - The mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and the anterior pericorneal su...

Conjunctival Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA....

Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic - A highly contagious disease characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, sudden swelling of the eyel...

Conjunctivitis, Allergic - Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens....

Conjunctivitis, Bacterial - Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-f...

Conjunctivitis, Inclusion - An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion...

Conjunctivitis, Viral - Inflammation, often mild, of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of viral agents. Conjunctival invol...

Connaraceae - A plant family of the order ROSALES, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida that are tropical plants....

Connective Tissue - Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS embedded in a l...

Connective Tissue Cells - A group of cells that includes FIBROBLASTS, cartilage cells, ADIPOCYTES, smooth muscle cells, and bo...

Connective Tissue Diseases - A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal stru...

Connective Tissue Growth Factor - A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHES...

Connexin 43 - A 43-kDa peptide which is a member of the connexin family of gap junction proteins. Connexin 43 is a...

Connexins - A group of homologous proteins which form the intermembrane channels of GAP JUNCTIONS. The connexins...

Conotoxins - Peptide neurotoxins from the marine fish-hunting snails of the genus CONUS. They contain 13 to 29 am...

Consanguinity - The magnitude of INBREEDING in humans....

Conscience - The cognitive and affective processes which constitute an internalized moral governor over an indivi...

Conscious Sedation - A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal comm...

Consciousness - Sense of awareness of self and of the environment....

Consciousness Disorders - Organic mental disorders in which there is impairment of the ability to maintain awareness of self a...

Consciousness Monitors - Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain a...

Consensus - General agreement or collective opinion; the judgment arrived at by most of those concerned....

Consensus Development Conference - A work that consists of summary statements representing the majority and current agreement of physic...

Consensus Development Conference, NIH - Work consisting of summary statements, from a conference sponsored by NIH, representing the majority...

Consensus Development Conferences as Topic - Presentations of summary statements representing the majority agreement of physicians, scientists, a...

Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic - Articles on conferences sponsored by NIH presenting summary statements representing the majority agr...

Consensus Sequence - A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino aci...

Consent Forms - Documents describing a medical treatment or research project, including proposed procedures, risks, ...

Conservation of Energy Resources - Planned management, use, and preservation of energy resources....

Conservation of Natural Resources - The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environmen...

Conserved Sequence - A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across mu...

Constipation - Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes,...

Constitution and Bylaws - The fundamental principles and laws adopted by an organization for the regulation and governing of i...

Constriction - The act of constricting....

Constriction, Pathologic - The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions....

Consultants - Individuals referred to for expert or professional advice or services....

Consumer Advocacy - The promotion and support of consumers' rights and interests....

Consumer Health Information - Information intended for potential users of medical and healthcare services. There is an emphasis on...

Consumer Organizations - Organized groups of users of goods and services....

Consumer Participation - Community or individual involvement in the decision-making process....

Consumer Satisfaction - Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a benefit or service received....

Consummatory Behavior - An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence....

Contact Inhibition - Arrest of cell locomotion or cell division when two cells come into contact....

Contact Lens Solutions - Sterile solutions used to clean and disinfect contact lenses....

Contact Lenses - Lenses designed to be worn on the front surface of the eyeball. (UMDNS, 1999)...

Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear - Hydrophilic contact lenses worn for an extended period or permanently....

Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic - Soft, supple contact lenses made of plastic polymers which interact readily with water molecules. Ma...

Contact Tracing - Identification of those persons (or animals) who have had such an association with an infected perso...

Containment of Biohazards - Provision of physical and biological barriers to the dissemination of potentially hazardous biologic...

Contig Mapping - Overlapping of cloned or sequenced DNA to construct a continuous region of a gene, chromosome or gen...

Continental Population Groups - Groups of individuals whose putative ancestry is from native continental populations based on simila...

Contingent Negative Variation - A negative shift of the cortical electrical potentials that increases over time. It is associated wi...

Continuity of Patient Care - Health care provided on a continuing basis from the initial contact, following the patient through a...

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure - A technique of respiratory therapy, in either spontaneously breathing or mechanically ventilated pat...

Contraception - Prevention of CONCEPTION by blocking fertility temporarily, or permanently (STERILIZATION, REPRODUCT...

Contraception Behavior - Behavior patterns of those practicing CONTRACEPTION....

Contraception, Barrier - Methods of contraception in which physical, chemical, or biological means are used to prevent the SP...

Contraception, Immunologic - Contraceptive methods based on immunological processes and techniques, such as the use of CONTRACEPT...

Contraception, Postcoital - Means of postcoital intervention to avoid pregnancy, such as the administration of POSTCOITAL CONTRA...

Contraceptive Agents - Chemical substances that prevent or reduce the probability of CONCEPTION....

Contraceptive Agents, Female - Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. Use for female contraceptive a...

Contraceptive Agents, Male - Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in males. Use for male contraceptive agent...

Contraceptive Devices - Devices that diminish the likelihood of or prevent conception. (From Dorland, 28th ed)...

Contraceptive Devices, Female - Contraceptive devices used by females....

Contraceptive Devices, Male - Contraceptive devices used by males....

Contraceptives, Oral - Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of ...

Contraceptives, Oral, Combined - Fixed drug combinations administered orally for contraceptive purposes....

Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal - Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations....

Contraceptives, Oral, Sequential - Drugs administered orally and sequentially for contraceptive purposes....

Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic - Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations....

Contraceptives, Postcoital - Contraceptive substances to be used after COITUS. These agents include high doses of estrogenic drug...

Contraceptives, Postcoital, Hormonal - Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations....

Contraceptives, Postcoital, Synthetic - Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations....

Contract Services - Outside services provided to an institution under a formal financial agreement....

Contractile Proteins - Proteins which participate in contractile processes. They include MUSCLE PROTEINS as well as those f...

Contracts - Agreements between two or more parties, especially those that are written and enforceable by law (Am...

Contracture - Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the j...

Contrast Media - Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues....

Contrast Sensitivity - The ability to detect sharp boundaries (stimuli) and to detect slight changes in luminance at region...

Contrecoup Injury - An injury in which the damage is located on the opposite side of the primary impact site. A blow to ...

Control Groups - Groups that serve as a standard for comparison in experimental studies. They are similar in relevant...

Controlled Clinical Trial - Work consisting of a clinical trial involving one or more test treatments, at least one control trea...

Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic - Clinical trials involving one or more test treatments, at least one control treatment, specified out...

Contusions - Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin....

Conus Snail - A genus of cone-shaped marine snails in the family Conidae, class GASTROPODA. It comprises more than...

Convalescence - The period of recovery following an illness....

Convallaria - A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE that contains CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES....

Convection - Transmission of energy or mass by a medium involving movement of the medium itself. The circulatory ...

Convergence, Ocular - The turning inward of the lines of sight toward each other....

Conversion Disorder - A disorder whose predominant feature is a loss or alteration in physical functioning that suggests a...

Convolvulaceae - The morning glory family of flowering plants, of the order Solanales, which includes about 50 genera...

Convolvulus - A plant genus of the family CONVOLVULACEAE. The common name of morning glory also refers to IPOMOEA....

Convulsants - Substances that act in the brain stem or spinal cord to produce tonic or clonic convulsions, often b...

Convulsive Therapy - Convulsions induced in order to treat MENTAL DISORDERS. It is used primarily in the treatment of sev...

Conyza - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain alkenynes, daucosterol, friedelinol, conyzas...

Cookbooks - Collections of recipes or instructions for preparation of food and organization of meals....

Cookbooks as Topic - Set of instructions about how to prepare food for eating using specific instructions....

Cookery - The art or practice of cooking. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various di...

Coombs' Test - Hemagglutination test in which Coombs' reagent (antiglobulin, or anti-human globulin rabbit immune s...

Cooperative Behavior - The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutua...

Coordination Complexes - Neutral or negatively charged ligands bonded to metal cations or neutral atoms. The number of ligand...

COP-Coated Vesicles - TRANSPORT VESICLES formed when cell-membrane coated pits (COATED PITS, CELL-MEMBRANE) invaginate and...

Copepoda - A huge subclass of mostly marine CRUSTACEA, containing over 14,000 species. The 10 orders comprise b...

Copper - A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55....

Copper Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of copper that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cu atoms with atomic weig...

Copper Sulfate - A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphor...

Coprinus - A genus of black-spored basidiomycetous fungi of the family Coprinaceae, order Agaricales; some spec...

Coprophagia - Eating of excrement....

Coproporphyria, Hereditary - An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of COPROPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE in the LIV...

Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of coproporphyrinogen III to protoporphyrinog...

Coproporphyrinogens - Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in the heme biosynthesis. They have four methyl and four prop...

Coproporphyrins - Porphyrins with four methyl and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Eleva...

Coptis - A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain BERBERINE and other isoquinoline ALKALOID...

Copulation - Sexual union of a male and a female in non-human species....

Copying Processes - Reproduction of data in a new location or other destination, leaving the source data unchanged, alth...

Copyright - The exclusive right, granted by law for a certain number of years, to make and dispose of copies of ...

Cor Triatriatum - A malformation of the heart in which the embryonic common PULMONARY VEIN was not incorporated into t...

Corbicula - A genus of freshwater clams, in the family Corbiculidae, class BIVALVIA. It originated in Asia but w...

Corchorus - A plant genus of the family TILIACEAE. Members contain cycloartane saponins and CARDENOLIDES....

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation - Transplantation of STEM CELLS collected from the fetal blood remaining in the UMBILICAL CORD and the...

Cord Factors - Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM T...

Cordia - A plant genus of the family BORAGINACEAE. Members contain TRITERPENES and naphthoxirene....

Cordocentesis - The collecting of fetal blood samples via ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of the blood in the um...

Cordotomy - Any operation on the spinal cord. (Stedman, 26th ed)...

Cordyceps - A genus of ascomycetous fungi (ASCOMYCOTA), family Clavicipitaceae, order HYPOCREALES, that grows by...

Cordyline - A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE that contains spirostanol & furostanol SAPONINS....

Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit - A transcription factor that dimerizes with CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA SUBUNIT to form core binding fac...

Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit - A transcription factor that dimerizes with the cofactor CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA SUBUNIT to form cor...

Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit - A transcription factor that dimerizes with the cofactor CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA SUBUNIT to form cor...

Core Binding Factor alpha Subunits - A family of transcription factors that bind to the cofactor CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA SUBUNIT to form...

Core Binding Factor beta Subunit - A non-DNA binding transcription factor that is a subunit of core binding factor. It forms heterodime...

Core Binding Factors - Heterodimeric transcription factors containing a DNA-binding alpha subunits, (CORE BINDING FACTOR AL...

Coreopsis - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that contains phenyl propanoids....

Co-Repressor Proteins - A subclass of repressor proteins that do not directly bind DNA. Instead, co-repressors generally act...

Coriandrum - A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. The leaves are the source of cilantro and the seeds are the so...

Coriolaceae - A family of fungi, order POLYPORALES, found on decaying wood....

Coriolis Force - The apparent deflection (Coriolis acceleration) of a body in motion with respect to the earth, as se...

Corn Oil - Oil from ZEA MAYS or corn plant....

Cornaceae - A plant family of the order Cornales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida that is a loose grouping...

Cornea - The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratifie...

Corneal Diseases - Diseases of the cornea....

Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary - Bilateral hereditary disorders of the cornea, usually autosomal dominant, which may be present at bi...

Corneal Dystrophy, Juvenile Epithelial of Meesmann - An autosomal dominant form of hereditary corneal dystrophy due to a defect in cornea-specific KERATI...

Corneal Edema - An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing de...

Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss - Loss of CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM usually following intraocular surgery (e.g., cataract surgery) or due to...

Corneal Neovascularization - New blood vessels originating from the corneal veins and extending from the limbus into the adjacent...

Corneal Opacity - Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency...

Corneal Perforation - A puncture or hole through the CORNEAL STROMA resulting from various diseases or trauma....

Corneal Stroma - The lamellated connective tissue constituting the thickest layer of the cornea between the Bowman an...

Corneal Surgery, Laser - Surgical techniques on the CORNEA employing LASERS, especially for reshaping the CORNEA to correct R...

Corneal Topography - The measurement of curvature and shape of the anterior surface of the cornea using techniques such a...

Corneal Transplantation - Partial or total replacement of the CORNEA from one human or animal to another....

Corneal Ulcer - Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of ...

Corneal Wavefront Aberration - Asymmetries in the topography and refractive index of the corneal surface that affect visual acuity....

Cornell Medical Index - Self-administered health questionnaire developed to obtain details of the medical history as an adju...

Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - A family of low molcular-weight proteins that contain PROLINE-RICH PROTEIN DOMAINS. Members of this ...

Cornus - A plant genus of the family CORNACEAE. It is widely cultivated for the attractive flowers....

Coronary Aneurysm - Abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of CORONARY VESSELS. Most coronary aneurysms ar...

Coronary Angiography - Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium....

Coronary Artery Bypass - Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vei...

Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump - Coronary artery bypass surgery on a beating HEART without a CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS (diverting the fl...

Coronary Artery Disease - Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atheroscl...

Coronary Care Units - The hospital unit in which patients with acute cardiac disorders receive intensive care....

Coronary Circulation - The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART....

Coronary Disease - An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to ...

Coronary Occlusion - Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSC...

Coronary Restenosis - Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to ...

Coronary Sinus - A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into ...

Coronary Stenosis - Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery....

Coronary Thrombosis - Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often l...

Coronary Vasospasm - Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries....

Coronary Vessel Anomalies - Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coron...

Coronary Vessels - The veins and arteries of the HEART....

Coronaviridae - Spherical RNA viruses, in the order NIDOVIRALES, infecting a wide range of animals including humans....

Coronaviridae Infections - Virus diseases caused by CORONAVIRIDAE....

Coronavirus - A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE which causes respiratory or gastrointestinal disease in a variet...

Coronavirus 229E, Human - A species in the genus CORONAVIRUS causing the common cold and possibly nervous system infections in...

Coronavirus Infections - Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of tu...

Coronavirus OC43, Human - A species in the genus CORONAVIRUS causing the common cold and possibly nervous system infections in...

Coronavirus, Bovine - A species of CORONAVIRUS infecting neonatal calves, presenting as acute diarrhea, and frequently lea...

Coronavirus, Canine - A species of CORONAVIRUS infecting dogs. Onset of symptoms is usually sudden and includes vomiting, ...

Coronavirus, Feline - A species of CORONAVIRUS infecting cats of all ages and commonly found in catteries and zoos. Cats a...

Coronavirus, Rat - A species of CORONAVIRUS causing pneumonia in newborn rats but a clinically inapparent infection in ...

Coronavirus, Turkey - A species of CORONAVIRUS causing enteritis in turkeys and pullets....

Coroners and Medical Examiners - Physicians appointed to investigate all cases of sudden or violent death....

Corpora Allata - Paired or fused ganglion-like bodies in the head of insects. The bodies secrete hormones important i...

Corpse Dismemberment - Disjoining the limbs or other parts of a corpse, often in association with criminal acts....

Corpus Callosum - Broad plate of dense myelinated fibers that reciprocally interconnect regions of the cortex in all l...

Corpus Luteum - The yellow body derived from the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE after OVULATION. The process of corpus lu...

Corpus Luteum Maintenance - Process of maintaining the functions of CORPORA LUTEA, specifically PROGESTERONE production which is...

Corpus Striatum - Striped gray and white matter consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It ...

Corrected and Republished Article - Work that is the republication of an article to correct, amplify, or restore text and data of the or...

Correspondence as Topic - Communication between persons or between institutions or organizations by an exchange of letters. It...

Corrinoids - Cyclic TETRAPYRROLES based on the corrin skeleton....

Corrosion - The gradual destruction of a metal or alloy due to oxidation or action of a chemical agent. (From M...

Corrosion Casting - A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels...

Corsiaceae - A plant family of the order Liliales (or by some as Dioscoreales or Burmanniales), subclass Liliidae...

Cortactin - A microfilament protein that interacts with F-ACTIN and regulates cortical actin assembly and organi...

Cortical Spreading Depression - The decrease in neuronal activity (related to a decrease in metabolic demand) extending from the sit...

Corticosterone - An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a gl...

Corticotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that produce ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE....

Corticotropin-Like Intermediate Lobe Peptide - A peptide derived from the cleavage of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, found primarily in the INTERMEDI...

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone - A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is...

Corticoviridae - A family of icosahedral, lipid-containing, non-enveloped bacteriophages containing one genus (Cortic...

Cortinarius - A genus of mushrooms in the family Cortinariaceae. When ingested, species of Cortinarius cause delay...

Cortisone - A naturally occurring glucocorticoid. It has been used in replacement therapy for adrenal insufficie...

Cortisone Reductase - An enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of a ketone and hydroxy group at C-20 of cortisone and ...

Cortodoxone - 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-infla...

Corydalis - A plant genus of the family FUMARIACEAE (classified by some in PAPAVERACEAE) that contains isoquinol...

Corylus - A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE known for the edible nuts....

Corynebacterium - A genus of asporogenous bacteria that is widely distributed in nature. Its organisms appear as strai...

Corynebacterium diphtheriae - A species of gram-positive, asporogenous bacteria in which three cultural types are recognized. Thes...

Corynebacterium glutamicum - A species of gram-positive, asporogenous, non-pathogenic, soil bacteria that produces GLUTAMIC ACID....

Corynebacterium Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM....

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis - A species of gram-positive, asporogenous bacteria that was originally isolated from necrotic areas i...

Corynebacterium pyogenes - A species of CORYNEBACTERIUM isolated from abscesses of warm-blooded animals....

COS Cells - CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mut...

Cosmetic Techniques - Procedures for the improvement or enhancement of the appearance of the visible parts of the body....

Cosmetics - Substances intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractive...

Cosmic Dust - Finely divided solid matter with particle sizes smaller than a micrometeorite, thus with diameters m...

Cosmic Radiation - High-energy radiation or particles from extraterrestrial space that strike the earth, its atmosphere...

Cosmids - Plasmids containing at least one cos (cohesive-end site) of PHAGE LAMBDA. They are used as cloning v...

Cost Allocation - The assignment, to each of several particular cost-centers, of an equitable proportion of the costs ...

Cost Control - The containment, regulation, or restraint of costs. Costs are said to be contained when the value of...

Cost of Illness - The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, o...

Cost Savings - Reductions in all or any portion of the costs of providing goods or services. Savings may be incurre...

Cost Sharing - Provisions of an insurance policy that require the insured to pay some portion of covered expenses. ...

Costameres - STRIATED MUSCLE cell components which anchor the MYOFIBRILS from the Z-bands to the SARCOLEMMA and E...

Cost-Benefit Analysis - A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency...

Costello Syndrome - Rare congenital disorder with multiple anomalies including: characteristic dysmorphic craniofacial f...

Costs and Cost Analysis - Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., ...

Costus - A plant genus of the family Costaceae (sometimes classified in Zingiberaceae), order Zingiberales, s...

Cosyntropin - A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTIC...

Cote d'Ivoire - A republic in western Africa, south of MALI and BURKINA FASO, bordered by GHANA on the east. Its adm...

Cotinine - The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves a...

Cotton Fiber - A TEXTILE fiber obtained from the pappus (outside the SEEDS) of cotton plant (GOSSYPIUM). Inhalation...

Cottonseed Oil - Oil obtained from the seeds of Gossypium herbaceum L., the cotton plant. It is used in dietary produ...

Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus - The type species of KAPPAPAPILLOMAVIRUS. It is reported to occur naturally in cottontail rabbits in ...

Coturnix - A genus of BIRDS in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES, containing the common European and ot...

Cotyledon - A part of the embryo in a seed plant. The number of cotyledons is an important feature in classifyin...

Cough - A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by in...

Coumaphos - A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as...

Coumaric Acids - Hydroxycinnamic acid and its derivatives. Act as activators of the indoleacetic acid oxidizing syste...

Coumarins - Synthetic or naturally occurring substances related to coumarin, the delta-lactone of coumarinic aci...

Coumestrol - A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity....

Counseling - The giving of advice and assistance to individuals with educational or personal problems....

Countercurrent Distribution - A method of separation of two or more substances by repeated distribution between two immiscible liq...

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis - Immunoelectrophoresis in which immunoprecipitation occurs when antigen at the cathode is caused to m...

Counterpulsation - A technique for assisting the circulation by decreasing the afterload of the left ventricle and augm...

Countertransference (Psychology) - Conscious or unconscious emotional reaction of the therapist to the patient which may interfere with...

COUP Transcription Factor I - A COUP transcription factor that was originally identified as a homodimer that binds to a direct rep...

COUP Transcription Factor II - A COUP transcription factor that negatively regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and competes with other ...

COUP Transcription Factors - A sub-family of steroid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptors that have specificity for a variet...

Couples Therapy - Psychotherapy used specifically for unmarried couples, of mixed or same sex. (From APA, Thesaurus of...

Courtship - Activities designed to attract the attention or favors of another....

Cowpox - A mild, eruptive skin disease of milk cows caused by COWPOX VIRUS, with lesions occurring principall...

Cowpox virus - A species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS that is the etiologic agent of COWPOX. It is closely related to but antig...

Coxiella - A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that is widely distributed in TICKS and various mammal...

Coxiella burnetii - A species of gram-negative bacteria that grows preferentially in the vacuoles of the host cell. It i...

Coxiellaceae - A family of gram-negative bacteria in the order Legionellales. It includes genera COXIELLA and Ricke...

Coxsackievirus Infections - A heterogeneous group of infections produced by coxsackieviruses, including HERPANGINA, aseptic meni...

Coyotes - The species Canis latrans in the family CANIDAE, a smaller relative of WOLVES. It is found in the We...

C-Peptide - The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. ...

CpG Islands - Areas of increased density of the dinucleotide sequence cytosine--phosphate diester--guanine. They f...

Crack Cocaine - The purified, alkaloidal, extra-potent form of cocaine. It is smoked (free-based), injected intraven...

Cracked Tooth Syndrome - Incomplete fracture of any part of a tooth, characterized by pain during mastication and sensitivity...

CRADD Signaling Adaptor Protein - A death domain receptor signaling adaptor protein that plays a role in signaling the activation of I...

Crambe Plant - A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE. Members contain crambin....

Crambe Sponge - A genus of SPONGES in the family Crambeidae characterized by desmoid spicules. The type species is C...

Crangonidae - A family of shrimp in the class CRUSTACEA, order DECAPODA, containing a single genus, Crangon, with ...

Cranial Fontanelles - Any of six membrane-covered openings between the CRANIAL SUTURES in the incompletely ossified skull ...

Cranial Fossa, Anterior - The compartment containing the inferior part and anterior extremities of the frontal lobes (FRONTAL ...

Cranial Fossa, Middle - The compartment containing the anterior extremities and half the inferior surface of the temporal lo...

Cranial Fossa, Posterior - The infratentorial compartment that contains the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM. It is formed by the post...

Cranial Irradiation - The exposure of the head to roentgen rays or other forms of radioactivity for therapeutic or prevent...

Cranial Nerve Diseases - Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory...

Cranial Nerve Injuries - Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. Penetrating and no...

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms - Benign and malignant neoplasms that arise from one or more of the twelve cranial nerves....

Cranial Nerves - Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic eff...

Cranial Sinuses - Large endothelium-lined venous channels situated between the two layers of DURA MATER, the endosteal...

Cranial Sutures - A type of fibrous joint between bones of the head....

Craniocerebral Trauma - Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; M...

Craniofacial Abnormalities - Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial b...

Craniofacial Dysostosis - An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by acrocephaly, exophthalmos, hypertelorism, strabismus...

Craniology - The scientific study of variations in size, shape, and proportion of the cranium....

Craniomandibular Disorders - Diseases or disorders of the muscles of the head and neck, with special reference to the masticatory...

Craniopharyngioma - A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. The two major histologic and...

Craniosynostoses - Premature closure of one or more sutures of the skull....

Craniotomy - Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)...

Crassostrea - A genus of oysters in the family OSTREIDAE, class BIVALVIA....

Crassulaceae - The stonecrop plant family of the order ROSALES, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida that grow in ...

Crataegus - A genus in the family ROSACEAE of shrubs and small trees native to the North Temperate Zone. It is b...

Craterostigma - A plant genus of the family SCROPHULARIACEAE....

C-Reactive Protein - A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage....

Creatine - An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally ...

Creatine Kinase - A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores A...

Creatine Kinase, BB Form - A form of creatine kinase found in the BRAIN....

Creatine Kinase, MB Form - An isoenzyme of creatine kinase found in the CARDIAC MUSCLE....

Creatine Kinase, Mitochondrial Form - A form of creatine kinase found in the MITOCHONDRIA....

Creatine Kinase, MM Form - An isoenzyme of creatine kinase found in the MUSCLE....

Creativeness - The ability to construct new ideas or images....

CREB-Binding Protein - A member of the p300-CBP transcription factor family that was initially identified as a binding part...

Credentialing - The recognition of professional or technical competence through registration, certification, licensu...

Cremation - Reducing a dead body to ashes by burning or incineration....

Crenarchaeota - A kingdom in the domain ARCHAEA comprised of thermoacidophilic, sulfur-dependent organisms. The two ...

Creosote - A greasy substance with a smoky odor and burned taste created by high temperature treatment of BEECH...

Crepis - A plant genus in the ASTERACEAE family....

CREST Syndrome - A mild form of LIMITED SCLERODERMA, a multi-system disorder. Its features include symptoms of CALCIN...

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome - A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected ind...

Cricetinae - A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Crice...

Cricetulus - A genus of the family Muridae consisting of eleven species. C. migratorius, the grey or Armenian ham...

Cricoid Cartilage - The small thick cartilage that forms the lower and posterior parts of the laryngeal wall....

Cri-du-Chat Syndrome - An infantile syndrome characterized by a cat-like cry, failure to thrive, microcephaly, MENTAL RETAR...

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome - A familial form of congenital hyperbilirubinemia transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. It is ...

Crime - A violation of the criminal law, i.e., a breach of the conduct code specifically sanctioned by the s...

Crime Victims - Individuals subjected to and adversely affected by criminal activity. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychologic...

Crimean War - Conflict between RUSSIA (Pre-1917); the OTTOMAN EMPIRE; ENGLAND; FRANCE; and Sardinia....

Criminal Law - A branch of law that defines criminal offenses, regulates the apprehension, charging and trial of su...

Criminal Psychology - The branch of psychology which investigates the psychology of crime with particular reference to the...

Criminals - Persons who have committed a crime or have been convicted of a crime....

Criminology - The study of crime and criminals with special reference to the personality factors and social condit...

Crinivirus - A genus of plant viruses in the family CLOSTEROVIRIDAE. Transmission is by whiteflies. Lettuce infec...

Crinum - A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE that contains ALKALOIDS....

Crisis Intervention - Brief therapeutic approach which is ameliorative rather than curative of acute psychiatric emergenci...

Crisscross Heart - A developmental malformation of the heart characterized by a twisted but not defective atrioventicul...

Crithidia - A genus of parasitic protozoans found in the digestive tract of invertebrates, especially insects. O...

Crithidia fasciculata - A species of monogenetic, parasitic protozoa usually found in insects....

Critical Care - Health care provided to a critically ill patient during a medical emergency or crisis....

Critical Illness - A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent....

Critical Pathways - Schedules of medical and nursing procedures, including diagnostic tests, medications, and consultati...

Critical Period (Psychology) - A specific stage in animal and human development during which certain types of behavior normally are...

Crk-Associated Substrate Protein - Crk-associated substrate was originally identified as a highly phosphorylated 130 kDa protein that a...

Croatia - Created 7 April 1992 as a result of the division of Yugoslavia....

Crocus - A plant genus, in the IRIDACEAE family, known as a source of Saffron....

Crohn Disease - A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANU...

Cromakalim - A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension...

Cromolyn Sodium - A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast ce...

Crops, Agricultural - Cultivated plants or agricultural produce such as grain, vegetables, or fruit. (From American Herita...

Cross Circulation - The circulation in a portion of the body of one individual of blood supplied from another individual...

Cross Infection - Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution....

Cross Protection - Protection conferred on a host by inoculation with one strain or component of a microorganism that p...

Cross Reactions - Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but clos...

Cross-Cultural Comparison - Comparison of various psychological, sociological, or cultural factors in order to assess the simila...

Crossing Over, Genetic - The reciprocal exchange of segments at corresponding positions along pairs of homologous CHROMOSOMES...

Cross-Linking Reagents - Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of rea...

Cross-Over Studies - Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon co...

Cross-Priming - Class I-restricted activation of CD8-POSITIVE LYMPHOCYTES resulting from ANTIGEN PRESENTATION of exo...

Cross-Sectional Studies - Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined...

Crotalaria - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains crotalarin....

Crotalid Venoms - Venoms from snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae or pit vipers, found mostly in the Americas. They inc...

Crotalus - A genus of snakes of the family VIPERIDAE, one of the pit vipers, so-called from the pit hollowing o...

Croton - A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE. The common name of dragon's blood is also used for DRACAE...

Croton Oil - Viscous, nauseating oil obtained from the shrub Croton tiglium (Euphorbaceae). It is a vesicant and ...

Crotonates - Salts and esters of crotonic acid....

Crotonic Acids - 4-Carbon monounsaturated monocarboxylic acids with the unsaturation in the 2 position....

Crotoxin - A specific complex of toxic proteins from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American ...

Croup - Inflammation involving the GLOTTIS or VOCAL CORDS and the subglottic larynx. Croup is characterized ...

Crowding - Behavior with respect to an excessive number of individuals, human or animal, in relation to availab...

Crown Compounds - Macrocyclic compounds analogous to CROWN ETHERS but which lack any OXYGEN atoms....

Crown Ethers - Macrocyclic polyethers with the repeating unit of (-CH2-CH2-O)n where n is greater than 2 and some o...

Crown Lengthening - Technique combining controlled eruptive tooth movement and incision of the supracrestal gingival att...

Crown-Rump Length - In utero measurement corresponding to the sitting height (crown to rump) of the fetus. Length is con...

Crowns - A prosthetic restoration that reproduces the entire surface anatomy of the visible natural crown of ...

Crows - Common name for the largest birds in the order PASSERIFORMES, family Corvidae. These omnivorous blac...

Crush Syndrome - Severe systemic manifestation of trauma and ischemia involving soft tissues, principally skeletal mu...

Crustacea - A large subphylum of mostly marine ARTHROPODS containing over 42,000 species. They include familiar ...

Crutches - Wooden or metal staffs designed to aid a person in walking. (UMDNS,1999)...

Crying - To utter an inarticulate, characteristic sound in order to communicate or express a feeling, or desi...

Cryoanesthesia - ANESTHESIA achieved by lowering either BODY TEMPERATURE (core cooling) or SKIN TEMPERATURE (external...

Cryoelectron Microscopy - Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecule...

Cryoglobulinemia - A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon...

Cryoglobulins - Abnormal immunoglobulins, especially IGG or IGM, that precipitate spontaneously when SERUM is cooled...

Cryopreservation - Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopr...

Cryoprotective Agents - Substances that provide protection against the harmful effects of freezing temperatures....

Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes - A group of rare autosomal dominant diseases, commonly characterized by atypical URTICARIA (hives) wi...

Cryosurgery - The use of freezing as a special surgical technique to destroy or excise tissue....

Cryotherapy - A form of therapy consisting in the local or general use of cold. The selective destruction of tissu...

Cryoultramicrotomy - The technique of using a cryostat or freezing microtome, in which the temperature is regulated to -2...

Cryptocarya - A plant genus of the family LAURACEAE. Members contain cryptofolione, caryachine, grandisin and othe...

Cryptochromes - Flavoproteins that function as circadian rhythm signaling proteins in ANIMALS and as blue-light phot...

Cryptococcosis - Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS....

Cryptococcus - A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomyc...

Cryptococcus gattii - A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella bacillispora....

Cryptococcus neoformans - A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans....

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia - An interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, occurring between 21-80 years of age. It is charac...

Cryptolepis - A plant genus of the family ASCLEPIADACEAE. Members contain the alkaloids quindoline, CSA-3, cryptol...

Cryptomeria - A plant genus of the family TAXODIACEAE. Its POLLEN is one of the major ALLERGENS....

Cryptophyta - A division (some say phylum or class) of the ALGAE, characterized by biflagellated cells and found i...

Cryptorchidism - A developmental defect in which a TESTIS or both TESTES failed to descend from high in the ABDOMEN t...

Cryptosporidiidae - A family of parasitic organisms in the order EIMERIIDA. CRYPTOSPORIDIUM is the most important genus....

Cryptosporidiosis - Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and huma...

Cryptosporidium - A genus of coccidian parasites of the family CRYPTOSPORIDIIDAE, found in the intestinal epithelium o...

Cryptosporidium parvum - A species of parasitic protozoa that infects humans and most domestic mammals. Its oocysts measure f...

Crystallins - A heterogeneous family of water-soluble structural proteins found in cells of the vertebrate lens. T...

Crystallization - The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientif...

Crystallography - The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals and their internal arran...

Crystallography, X-Ray - The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient...

Ctenophora - Phylum of marine colenterates characterized by eight comb rows of fused cilia on the body surface. I...

Cuba - An island in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies, south of Florida. With the adjacent islands it...

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome - Compression of the ULNAR NERVE in the cubital tunnel, which is formed by the two heads of the flexor...

Cubozoa - The class of box jellyfish, in the phylum CNIDARIA, characterized by their cube shape, and considere...

Cucumaria - A genus of large SEA CUCUMBERS possessing the primitive radial configuration of podia in all five am...

Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite - A satellite RNA (not a satellite virus) which has several types. Different cucumoviruses can act as ...

Cucumis - A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae best known for cucum...

Cucumis melo - A plant species of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae known for the melo...

Cucumis sativus - A creeping annual plant species of the CUCURBITACEAE family. It has a rough succulent, trailing stem...

Cucumovirus - A genus of plant viruses of the family BROMOVIRIDAE, which infect cucurbits and solanaceous plants. ...

Cucurbita - A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, which includes pump...

Cucurbitaceae - The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is somet...

Cucurbitacins - Triterpenes that derive from LANOSTEROL by a shift of the C19 methyl to the C9 position. They are fo...

Cues - Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a ...

Culdoscopes - Endoscopic instruments used for viewing the rectovaginal pouch and pelvic viscera....

Culdoscopy - Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the female pelvic viscera by means of an endoscope int...

Culex - A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vect...

Culicidae - A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the ...

Cullin Proteins - A family of structurally related proteins that were originally discovered for their role in cell-cyc...

Cultural Characteristics - Those aspects or characteristics which identify a culture....

Cultural Competency - Cultural and linguistic competence is a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that com...

Cultural Deprivation - The absence of certain expected and acceptable cultural phenomena in the environment which results i...

Cultural Diversity - Coexistence of numerous distinct ethnic, racial, religious, or cultural groups within one social uni...

Cultural Evolution - The continuous developmental process of a culture from simple to complex forms and from homogeneous ...

Culture - A collective expression for all behavior patterns acquired and socially transmitted through symbols....

Culture Media - Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorga...

Culture Media, Conditioned - Culture media containing biologically active components obtained from previously cultured cells or t...

Culture Media, Serum-Free - CULTURE MEDIA free of serum proteins but including the minimal essential substances required for cel...

Culture Techniques - Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These in...

Cultured Milk Products - Milk modified with controlled FERMENTATION. This should not be confused with KAFFIR LIME or with KAF...

Cuminum - A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. The seed is used in SPICES....

Cumulative Trauma Disorders - Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal ...

Cumulus Cells - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. At OVU...

Cunninghamella - A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Cunninghamellaceae, order MUCORALES. Some species cause ...

Cunninghamia - A plant genus of the family TAXODIACEAE. Members contain DITERPENES....

Cuphea - A plant genus of the family LYTHRACEAE. Members contain lauric acid and cuphiin....

Cupressaceae - A plant family of the order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta (conifers). They are m...

Cupressus - A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE. Cypress ordinarily refers to this but also forms part of ...

Cupriavidus - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, in the family BURKHOLDERIACEAE, that are mob...

Cupriavidus necator - A gram-negative, facultatively chemoautotrophic bacterium, formerly called Wautersia eutropha, found...

Cuprizone - Copper chelator that inhibits monoamine oxidase and causes liver and brain damage....

Curare - Plant extracts from several species, including genera STRYCHNOS and Chondodendron, which contain TET...

Curculigo - A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE that contains curculin and cycloartane saponins....

Curcuma - A plant genus of the family ZINGIBERACEAE that contains CURCUMIN and curcuminoids....

Curcumin - A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the pre...

Curettage - A scraping, usually of the interior of a cavity or tract, for removal of new growth or other abnorma...

Curing Lights, Dental - Light sources used to activate polymerization light-cured orthodontic adhesives (DENTAL CEMENTS). De...

Curium - A radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cm, atomic number 96, and atomic weight 247. Thirteen curi...

Current Procedural Terminology - Descriptive terms and identifying codes for reporting medical services and procedures performed by P...

Curriculum - A course of study offered by an educational institution....

Cuscuta - A plant genus of the family Cuscutaceae. It is a threadlike climbing parasitic plant that is used in...

Cushing Syndrome - A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUC...

Cuspid - The third tooth to the left and to the right of the midline of either jaw, situated between the seco...

Custodial Care - Board, room, and other personal assistance services generally provided on a long term basis. It excl...

Cutaneous Fistula - An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body....

Cutis Laxa - A group of connective tissue diseases in which skin hangs in loose pendulous folds. It is believed t...

Cyamopsis - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is the source of guar gum....

Cyanamide - A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processe...

Cyanates - Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical....

Cyanides - Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanide...

Cyanoacrylates - A group of compounds having the general formula CH2=C(CN)-COOR; it polymerizes on contact with moist...

Cyanobacteria - A phylum of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria comprised of unicellular to multicellular bacteria poss...

Cyanogen Bromide - Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupl...

Cyanoketone - 2 alpha-Cyano-17 beta-hydroxy-4,4',17 alpha-trimethylandrost-5-ene-3-one. An androstenolone-nitrile ...

Cyanophora - A genus of primitive ALGAE in the family Cyanophoraceae, class Glaucocystophyceae. They contain pigm...

Cyanosis - A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount...

Cyanothece - A form-genus of unicellular coccoid to rod-shaped CYANOBACTERIA, in the order Chroococcales. Three d...

Cyathus - A genus of saprophytic fungi in the family Nidulariaceae. They look like small bird's nests complete...

Cybernetics - That branch of learning which brings together theories and studies on communication and control in l...

Cycadophyta - A division of GYMNOSPERMS which look like palm trees (ARECACEAE) but are more closely related to PIN...

Cycas - A plant genus of the family Cycadaceae, order Cycadales, class Cycadopsida, division CYCADOPHYTA of ...

Cycasin - Carcinogenic and neurotoxic glycoside occurring in a number of plant species, including Cycas revolu...

Cyclacillin - A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID....

Cyclamates - Salts and esters of cyclamic acid....

Cyclamen - A plant genus of the family PRIMULACEAE that contains triterpenoid saponins....

Cyclandelate - A direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. It may cause gastrointestinal d...

Cyclazocine - An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties....

Cyclea - A plant genus of the family MENISPERMACEAE. Members contain bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids....

Cyclic ADP-Ribose - A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleoti...

Cyclic AMP - An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-posi...

Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein - A transcriptional regulator in prokaryotes which, when activated by binding cyclic AMP, acts at seve...

Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator - Cyclic AMP response element modulator is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is regulat...

Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein - A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a s...

Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein A - A basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is highly homologous to ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FA...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits - Specific enzyme subunits that form the active sites of the type I and type II cyclic-AMP protein kin...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit - A type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP ...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIbeta Subunit - A type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP ...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit - A type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta Subunit - A type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I - A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subtype primarily found in the CYTOPLASM. They are tetrameric ...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II - A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subtype primarily found in particulate subcellular fractions. ...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or TH...

Cyclic CMP - A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a p...

Cyclic GMP - Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group whi...

Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - A group of enzymes that are dependent on cyclic GMP and catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or t...

Cyclic IMP - Inosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). An inosine nucleotide which acts as a mild inhibitor of t...

Cyclic N-Oxides - Heterocyclic compounds in which an oxygen is attached to a cyclic nitrogen....

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1 - A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily. The three members ...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is activated by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is inhibited by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is found predominantly in inflammatory cells an...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found ...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found ...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 7 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC AMP. Several isof...

Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels - Ion channels that are regulated by cyclic GMP or cyclic AMP binding and contain six transmembrane se...

Cyclic Nucleotide-Regulated Protein Kinases - A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues of proteins an...

Cyclin A - A cyclin subtype that has specificity for CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2. It play...

Cyclin A1 - A cyclin A subtype primarily found in male GERM CELLS. It may play a role in the passage of SPERMATO...

Cyclin A2 - A widely-expressed cyclin A subtype that functions during the G1/S and G2/M transitions of the CELL ...

Cyclin B - A cyclin subtype that is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE. It stimulates...

Cyclin B1 - A cyclin B subtype that colocalizes with MICROTUBULES during INTERPHASE and is transported into the ...

Cyclin B2 - A cyclin B subtype that colocalizes with GOLGI APPARATUS during INTERPHASE and is transported into t...

Cyclin C - A cyclin subtype that binds to the CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 3 and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 8. Cyclin C...

Cyclin D - A cyclin subtype that is specific for CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 6. Unlik...

Cyclin D1 - Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpr...

Cyclin D2 - A cyclin D subtype which is regulated by GATA4 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. Experiments using KNOCKOUT MICE...

Cyclin D3 - A broadly expressed type D cyclin. Experiments using KNOCKOUT MICE suggest a role for cyclin D3 in L...

Cyclin E - A 50-kDa protein that complexes with CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2 in the late G1 phase of the cell cycl...

Cyclin G - A cyclin subtype that is found associated with CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 5; cyclin G associated kinase...

Cyclin G1 - A cyclin G subtype that is constitutively expressed throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin G1 is consider...

Cyclin G2 - An unusual cyclin subtype that is found highly expressed in terminally differentiated cells. Unlike ...

Cyclin H - A cyclin subtype that is found as a component of a heterotrimeric complex containing cyclin-dependen...

Cyclin I - A cyclin subtype that is found abundantly in post-mitotic tissues. In contrast to the classical cycl...

Cyclin T - A cyclin subtype that is found associated with CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 9. Unlike traditional cyclins...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 - A key regulator of CELL CYCLE progression. It partners with CYCLIN E to regulate entry into S PHASE ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 3 - A cyclin-dependent kinase that forms a complex with CYCLIN C and is active during the G1 PHASE of th...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 - Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 is a key regulator of G1 PHASE of the CELL CYCLE. It partners with CYCLIN ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 - A serine-threonine kinase that plays important roles in CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MIGRATION; and CE...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 - Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 associates with CYCLIN D and phosphorylates RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN during ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 - A CYCLIN C dependent kinase that is an important component of the mediator complex. The enzyme is ac...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9 - A multifunctional CDC2 kinase-related kinase that plays roles in transcriptional elongation, CELL DI...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 - An INK4 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor containing four ANKYRIN-LIKE REPEATS. INK4B is often inact...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 - A product of the p16 tumor suppressor gene (GENES, P16). It is also called INK4 or INK4A because it ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18 - An INK4 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor containing five ANKYRIN-LIKE REPEATS. Aberrant expression ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p19 - An INK4 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor containing five ANKYRIN REPEATS. Aberrant expression of th...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 - A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that mediates TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53-dependent CELL CYCLE ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 - A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that coordinates the activation of CYCLIN and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT K...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 - A potent inhibitor of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES in G1 PHASE and S PHASE. In humans, aberrant expressi...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins - A group of cell cycle proteins that negatively regulate the activity of CYCLIN/CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINA...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases - Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical associati...

Cyclins - A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEP...

Cyclitols - Cycloalkanes containing three or more hydroxyl groups on the ring atoms. Some polyhydroxypiperidines...

Cyclization - Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Techn...

Cyclizine - A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-i...

Cyclodecanes - Compounds with a 10-carbon ring....

Cyclodextrins - A homologous group of cyclic GLUCANS consisting of alpha-1,4 bound glucose units obtained by the act...

Cyclofenil - A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorr...

Cyclohexanes - Six-carbon alicyclic hydrocarbons....

Cyclohexanols - Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camph...

Cyclohexanones - Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position....

Cyclohexenes - Six-carbon alicyclic hydrocarbons which contain one or more double bonds in the ring. The cyclohexad...

Cycloheximide - Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts b...

Cyclohexylamines - A family of alicyclic hydrocarbons containing an amine group with the general formula R-C6H10NH2....

Cycloleucine - An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplas...

Cyclonic Storms - Non-frontal low-pressure systems over tropical or sub-tropical waters with organized convection and ...

Cyclooctanes - A group of compounds with an 8-carbon ring. They may be saturated or unsaturated....

Cyclooxygenase 1 - A constitutively-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important rol...

Cyclooxygenase 2 - An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in...

Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors - A subclass of cyclooxygenase inhibitors with specificity for CYCLOOXYGENASE-2....

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES) and ther...

Cycloparaffins - Alicyclic hydrocarbons in which three or more of the carbon atoms in each molecule are united in a r...

Cyclopentanes - A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9....

Cyclopenthiazide - Thiazide diuretic also used as an antihypertensive agent....

Cyclopentolate - A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia....

Cyclophilin A - A 17-KDa cytoplasmic PEPTIDYLPROLYL ISOMERASE involved in immunoregulation. It is a member of the cy...

Cyclophilins - A family of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases that bind to CYCLOSPORINS and regulate the IMMUNE S...

Cyclophosphamide - Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be ...

Cyclopia Plant - A plant genus of the family Fabaceae. Members contain cyclopamine, a teratogen producing cyclopia (o...

Cycloserine - Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus....

Cyclospora - A genus of coccidian parasites in the family EIMERIIDAE. Cyclospora cayetanensis is pathogenic in hu...

Cyclosporiasis - Infection with parasitic protozoa of the genus CYCLOSPORA. It is distributed globally and causes a d...

Cyclosporine - A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a speci...

Cyclosporins - A group of closely related cyclic undecapeptides from the fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Cylindoca...

Cyclosteroids - Steroid derivatives in which one or more bridges is formed between carbon atoms at any locant in any...

Cyclothymic Disorder - An affective disorder characterized by periods of depression and hypomania. These may be separated b...

Cyclotides - A continuous circle of peptide bonds, typically of 2-3 dozen AMINO ACIDS, so there is no free N- or ...

Cyclotrons - Devices for accelerating charged particles in a spiral path by a constant-frequency alternating elec...

Cylindrospermopsis - A form-genus of CYANOBACTERIA in the order Nostocales, characterized by thin trichomes, cylindrical ...

Cymarine - A cardiotonic cardiac glycoside found in STROPHANTHUS. The aglycone is STROPHANTHIN....

Cymbopogon - A plant genus of the family POACEAE which is a source of citronella oil and lemongrass oil....

Cynanchum - A plant genus of the family ASCLEPIADACEAE. Members contain steroidal glycosides and cytotoxic phena...

Cynara - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE....

Cynara scolymus - A plant species of the genus CYNARA, family ASTERACEAE. The flower bud is the familiar artichoke eat...

Cynodon - A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is considered a lawngrass by some and a weed by others. It...

Cynomorium - A plant genus of the family BALANOPHORACEAE. Members contain stigmastanes and ursanes (TRITERPENES) ...

Cyperaceae - The sedge plant family of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledo...

Cyperus - A plant genus of the family CYPERACEAE. SESQUITERPENES are found in some of the species....

Cyprinidae - A family of freshwater fish comprising the minnows or CARPS....

Cypriniformes - An order of fish with 26 families and over 3,000 species. This order includes the families CYPRINIDA...

Cyprinodontiformes - An order of fish with eight families and numerous species of both egg-laying and livebearing fish. F...

Cyproheptadine - A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antialle...

Cyproterone - An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational pro...

Cyproterone Acetate - An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydro...

Cyprus - An island republic in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its capital is Nicosia. It was colonized by the...

Cyrtosperma - A plant genus of the family ARACEAE that may be confused with other ARACEAE having similar common na...

Cyst Fluid - Liquid material found in epithelial-lined closed cavities or sacs....

Cystadenocarcinoma - A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained se...

Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous - A malignant cystic or semisolid tumor most often occurring in the ovary. Rarely, one is solid. This ...

Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary - An adenocarcinoma in which the tumor elements are arranged as finger-like processes or as a solid sp...

Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous - A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The...

Cystadenoma - A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secre...

Cystadenoma, Mucinous - A multilocular tumor with mucin secreting epithelium. They are most often found in the ovary, but ar...

Cystadenoma, Papillary - A benign neoplasm of the ovary....

Cystadenoma, Serous - A cystic tumor of the ovary, containing thin, clear, yellow serous fluid and varying amounts of soli...

Cystamine - A radiation-protective agent that interferes with sulfhydryl enzymes. It may also protect against ca...

Cystaphos - Proposed as an adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy; may have radiation protective properties....

Cystathionine beta-Synthase - A multifunctional pyridoxal phosphate enzyme. In the second stage of cysteine biosynthesis it cataly...

Cystathionine gamma-Lyase - A multifunctional pyridoxal phosphate enzyme. In the final step in the biosynthesis of cysteine it c...

Cystatin A - A cytastin subtype found at high levels in the SKIN and in BLOOD CELLS. Cystatin A incorporates into...

Cystatin B - An intracellular cystatin subtype that is found in a broad variety of cell types. It is a cytosolic ...

Cystatin C - An extracellular cystatin subtype that is abundantly expressed in bodily fluids. It may play a role ...

Cystatin M - A cystatin subtype that has a diverse tissue distribution, target specificity, and functions as an e...

Cystatins - A homologous group of endogenous CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS. The cystatins inhibit most CYSTEINE...

Cysteamine - A radiation-protective agent that oxidizes in air to form CYSTAMINE. It can be given intravenously o...

Cystectomy - Used for excision of the urinary bladder....

Cysteic Acid - Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from ...

Cysteine - A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE....

Cysteine Dioxygenase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-CYSTEINE to 3-sulfinoalanine (3-sulfino-L-alanine) in t...

Cysteine Endopeptidases - ENDOPEPTIDASES which have a cysteine involved in the catalytic process. This group of enzymes is ina...

Cysteine Proteases - A subclass of peptide hydrolases that depend on a CYSTEINE residue for their activity....

Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors - Exogenous and endogenous compounds which inhibit CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES....

Cysteine Synthase - An enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of cysteine in microorganisms and plants from O-acetyl-L-s...

Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 - A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHES...

Cysteinyldopa - Found in large amounts in the plasma and urine of patients with malignant melanoma. It is therefore ...

Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital - An abnormality in lung development that is characterized by a multicystic mass resulting from an ade...

Cystic Duct - The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE D...

Cystic Fibrosis - An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene...

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator - A chloride channel that regulates secretion in many exocrine tissues. Abnormalities in the CFTR gene...

Cysticercosis - Infection with CYSTICERCUS, the larval form of the various tapeworms of the genus Taenia (usually T....

Cysticercus - The larval form of various tapeworms of the genus Taenia....

Cystine - A covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of CYSTEINE. Two molecul...

Cystine Knot Motifs - Amino acid sequence in which two disulfide bonds (DISULFIDES) and their connecting backbone form a r...

Cystinosis - A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membran...

Cystinuria - An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PR...

Cystinyl Aminopeptidase - A zinc-containing sialoglycoprotein that is used to study aminopeptidase activity in the pathogenesi...

Cystitis - Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usua...

Cystitis, Interstitial - A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic regi...

Cystocele - A HERNIA-like condition in which the weakened pelvic muscles cause the URINARY BLADDER to drop from ...

Cystoscopes - Endoscopes for visual examination of the urinary bladder....

Cystoscopy - Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the urinary bladder....

Cystostomy - Surgical creation of an opening (stoma) in the URINARY BLADDER for drainage....

Cystotomy - Surgical incision or puncture into a URINARY BLADDER. Cystotomy may be used to remove URINARY CALCUL...

Cystoviridae - A family of bacteriophages containing one genus (Cystovirus) with one member (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6)....

Cysts - Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM. Cysts can be of normal, abnorm...

Cytapheresis - Separation of one or more kinds of cells from whole blood with the return of other blood cell consti...

Cytarabine - A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute no...

Cytidine - A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base CYTOSINE linked to the five-carbon sugar D-RIBO...

Cytidine Deaminase - An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of cytidine, forming uridine. EC 3.5.4.5....

Cytidine Diphosphate - Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterif...

Cytidine Diphosphate Choline - Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides....

Cytidine Diphosphate Diglycerides - The ester of diacylglycerol with the terminal phosphate of cytidine diphosphate. It serves as an int...

Cytidine Monophosphate - Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to ...

Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid - A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ga...

Cytidine Triphosphate - Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups es...

Cytisus - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is sometimes called broom because of the shape of the plan...

Cytochalasin B - A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS....

Cytochalasin D - A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilam...

Cytochalasins - 11- to 14-membered macrocyclic lactones with a fused isoindolone. Members with INDOLES attached at t...

Cytochrome a Group - Cytochromes (electron-transporting proteins) in which the heme prosthetic group is heme a, i.e., the...

Cytochrome b Group - Cytochromes (electron-transporting proteins) with protoheme (HEME B) as the prosthetic group....

Cytochrome b6f Complex - A protein complex that includes CYTOCHROME B6 and CYTOCHROME F. It is found in the THYLAKOID MEMBRAN...

Cytochrome c Group - A group of cytochromes with covalent thioether linkages between either or both of the vinyl side cha...

Cytochrome d Group - Cytochromes (electron-transporting proteins) with a tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron as a prosthetic gr...

Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 - A liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase capable of biotransforming xenobiotics such as pol...

Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 - A cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase that can be induced by polycyclic aromatic xenobiotics in the liver...

Cytochrome P-450 CYP27A1 - An NAPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of the side chain of sterol in...

Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 - A major cytochrome P-450 enzyme which is inducible by PHENOBARBITAL in both the LIVER and SMALL INTE...

Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - A cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of many drugs and environmental chemicals,...

Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 - An ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solv...

Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A - A cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase that is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway b...

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum...

Cytochrome-B(5) Reductase - A FLAVOPROTEIN oxidoreductase that occurs both as a soluble enzyme and a membrane-bound enzyme due t...

Cytochrome-c Oxidase Deficiency - A disease that results from a congenital defect in ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. Defects in ELECTRO...

Cytochrome-c Peroxidase - A hemeprotein which catalyzes the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c to ferricytochrome c in the presenc...

Cytochromes - Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are...

Cytochromes a - A subclass of heme a containing cytochromes that have two imidazole nitrogens as axial ligands and a...

Cytochromes a1 - A subclass of heme a containing cytochromes have a reduced alpha-band absorption of 587-592 nm. They...

Cytochromes a3 - A subclass of heme a containing cytochromes with an alpha-band absorption of 605 nm. They are found ...

Cytochromes b - Cytochromes of the b group that have alpha-band absorption of 563-564 nm. They occur as subunits in ...

Cytochromes b5 - Cytochromes of the b group that are found bound to cytoplasmic side of ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. They s...

Cytochromes b6 - Cytochromes of the b group that are found as components of the CYTOCHROME B6F COMPLEX. They contain ...

Cytochromes c - Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediat...

Cytochromes c' - A widely occurring subclass of c type cytochromes which function as electron carriers in the electro...

Cytochromes c1 - The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron do...

Cytochromes c2 - Type C cytochromes that are small (12-14 kD) single-heme proteins. They function as mobile electron ...

Cytochromes c6 - Cytochromes of the c type that are involved in the transfer of electrons from CYTOCHROME B6F COMPLEX...

Cytochromes f - Cytochromes f are found as components of the CYTOCHROME B6F COMPLEX. They play important role in the...

Cytodiagnosis - Diagnosis of the type and, when feasible, the cause of a pathologic process by means of microscopic ...

Cytogenetic Analysis - Examination of chromosomes to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnorma...

Cytogenetics - A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the cytological and molecular analysis of the CHROMOSOM...

Cytokine Receptor Common beta Subunit - A receptor subunit that is a shared component of the INTERLEUKIN-3 RECEPTOR; the INTERLEUKIN-5 RECEP...

Cytokine Receptor gp130 - A cytokine receptor that acts through the formation of oligomeric complexes of itself with a variety...

Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells - Mononuclear leukocytes that have been expanded in CELL CULTURE and activated with CYTOKINES such as ...

Cytokines - Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as...

Cytokinesis - The process by which the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided....

Cytokinins - Plant hormones that promote the separation of daughter cells after mitotic division of a parent cell...

Cytomegalovirus - A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liv...

Cytomegalovirus Infections - Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Inf...

Cytomegalovirus Retinitis - Infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus characterized by retinal necrosis, hemorrhage, vessel she...

Cytomegalovirus Vaccines - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS....

Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral - Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and...

Cytophaga - A genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria found in SOIL; HUMUS; and FRESHWATER and marine habitats....

Cytophotometry - A method for the study of certain organic compounds within cells, in situ, by measuring the light in...

Cytoplasm - The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCH...

Cytoplasmic Dyneins - Dyneins that are responsible for intracellular transport, MITOSIS, cell polarization, and movement w...

Cytoplasmic Granules - Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane....

Cytoplasmic Streaming - The movement of CYTOPLASM within a CELL. It serves as an internal transport system for moving essent...

Cytoplasmic Structures - Components of the cytoplasm excluding the CYTOSOL....

Cytoplasmic Vesicles - Membrane-limited structures derived from the plasma membrane or various intracellular membranes whic...

Cytoprotection - The process by which chemical compounds provide protection to cells against harmful agents....

Cytosine - A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids....

Cytosine Deaminase - An enzyme which catalyzes the deamination of CYTOSINE resulting in the formation of URACIL. It can a...

Cytoskeletal Proteins - Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexib...

Cytoskeleton - The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structu...

Cytosol - Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic c...

Cytostatic Agents - Compounds that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of CELLS....

Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic - The demonstration of the cytotoxic effect on a target cell of a lymphocyte, a mediator released by a...

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic - The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brough...

Cytotoxins - Substances that are toxic to cells; they may be involved in immunity or may be contained in venoms. ...

Czech Republic - Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slo...

Czechoslovakia - Created as a republic in 1918 by Czechs and Slovaks from territories formerly part of the Austro-Hun...

First Name: Last Name: Email Address: Phone Number: Insurance Type (Select One):  Medicare      Medicare Replacement Best Time to Call (Select One):  Morning      Afternoon      Evening By submitting this information, I authorize Diabetic Health Agency to contact me by phone. ** Free offers subject to Insurance/Medicare qualification.