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Health Terms starting with B

Common Health Terms | All Health Terms

2nd Letter:

- a C d e h i K l o r u y

Babesia - A genus of tick-borne protozoan parasites that infests the red blood cells of mammals, including hum...

Babesia bovis - A species of protozoa that is a cause of bovine babesiosis. Ticks of the genera Boophilus, Rhipiceph...

Babesia microti - A species of protozoa infecting humans via the intermediate tick vector IXODES scapularis. The other...

Babesiosis - A group of tick-borne diseases of mammals including ZOONOSES in humans. They are caused by protozoa ...

Babuvirus - A genus in the family NANOVIRIDAE infecting bananas. The type species is Banana bunchy top virus....

Baccharis - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Other plants called broom include CYTISUS; SPARTIUM; and BRO...

Bacillaceae - A family of bacteria which produce endospores. They are mostly saprophytes from soil, but a few are ...

Bacillaceae Infections - Infections with bacteria of the family BACILLACEAE....

Bacillales - An order of GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA in the class Bacilli, phylum Firmacutes....

Bacillus - A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil f...

Bacillus anthracis - A species of bacteria that causes ANTHRAX in humans and animals....

Bacillus cereus - A species of rod-shaped bacteria that is a common soil saprophyte. Its spores are widespread and mul...

Bacillus megaterium - A species of bacteria whose spores vary from round to elongate. It is a common soil saprophyte....

Bacillus Phages - Viruses whose host is Bacillus. Frequently encountered Bacillus phages include bacteriophage phi 29 ...

Bacillus subtilis - A species of gram-positive bacteria that is a common soil and water saprophyte....

Bacillus thuringiensis - A species of gram-positive bacteria which may be pathogenic for certain insects. It is used for the ...

Bacitracin - A complex of cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by the Tracy-I strain of Bacillus subtilis. The com...

Back Injuries - General or unspecified injuries to the posterior part of the trunk. It includes injuries to the musc...

Back Pain - Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adj...

Background Radiation - Radiation from sources other than the source of interest. It is due to cosmic rays and natural radio...

Baclofen - A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist at GABA-B receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA...

Bacopa - A plant genus of the family SCROPHULARIACEAE. Members contain bacopaside, bacopasaponins and other d...

Bacteremia - The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea ...

Bacteria - One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. The...

Bacterial Adhesion - Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attachin...

Bacterial Capsules - An envelope of loose gel surrounding a bacterial cell which is associated with the virulence of path...

Bacterial Chromatophores - Organelles of phototrophic bacteria which contain photosynthetic pigments and which are formed from ...

Bacterial Infections - Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified....

Bacterial Infections and Mycoses - Infections caused by bacteria and fungi, general, specified, or unspecified....

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria....

Bacterial Physiological Phenomena - Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA....

Bacterial Processes - The functions, behavior, and activities of bacteria....

Bacterial Proteins - Proteins found in any species of bacterium....

Bacterial Proton-Translocating ATPases - Membrane-bound proton-translocating ATPases that serve two important physiological functions in bact...

Bacterial Shedding - The expelling of bacteria from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tra...

Bacterial Structures - The parts of bacteria....

Bacterial Toxins - Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular ...

Bacterial Transferrin Receptor Complex - A complex of proteins that forms a receptor for TRANSFERRIN in BACTERIA. Many pathogenic bacteria ut...

Bacterial Translocation - The passage of viable bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to extra-intestinal sites, such as th...

Bacterial Typing Techniques - Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing system...

Bacterial Vaccines - Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infecti...

Bacteriochlorophyll A - A specific bacteriochlorophyll that is similar in structure to chlorophyll a....

Bacteriochlorophylls - Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria....

Bacteriocin Plasmids - Plasmids encoding bacterial exotoxins (BACTERIOCINS)....

Bacteriocins - Substances elaborated by specific strains of bacteria that are lethal against other strains of the s...

Bacteriology - The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of bacteria, and BACTERIAL ...

Bacteriolysis - Rupture of bacterial cells due to mechanical force, chemical action, or the lytic growth of BACTERIO...

Bacteriophage HK022 - A tentative species in the genus lambda-like viruses, family SIPHOVIRIDAE....

Bacteriophage IKe - A species of filamentous phage in the genus INOVIRUS, family INOVIRIDAE. They are specific for enter...

Bacteriophage lambda - A temperate inducible phage and type species of the genus lambda-like viruses, in the family SIPHOVI...

Bacteriophage M13 - Temperate bacteriophage of the genus INOVIRUS which infects enterobacteria, especially E. coli. It i...

Bacteriophage mu - A temperate coliphage, in the genus Mu-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, composed of a linear, double...

Bacteriophage N4 - A species in the genus N4-like viruses, in the family PODOVIRIDAE, that infects E. coli....

Bacteriophage P1 - A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P1-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, which infects ...

Bacteriophage P2 - A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P2-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, which infects ...

Bacteriophage P22 - A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P22-like viruses, family PODOVIRIDAE, that infects...

Bacteriophage Pf1 - A species of filamentous Pseudomonas phage in the genus INOVIRUS, family INOVIRIDAE....

Bacteriophage phi 6 - Virulent bacteriophage and sole member of the genus Cystovirus that infects Pseudomonas species. The...

Bacteriophage phi X 174 - The type species of the genus MICROVIRUS. A prototype of the small virulent DNA coliphages, it is co...

Bacteriophage PRD1 - Bacteriophage and type species in the genus Tectivirus, family TECTIVIRIDAE. They are specific for G...

Bacteriophage T3 - Bacteriophage in the genus T7-like phages, of the family PODOVIRIDAE, which is very closely related ...

Bacteriophage T4 - Virulent bacteriophage and type species of the genus T4-like phages, in the family MYOVIRIDAE. It i...

Bacteriophage T7 - Virulent bacteriophage and type species of the genus T7-like phages, in the family PODOVIRIDAE, that...

Bacteriophage Typing - A technique of bacterial typing which differentiates between bacteria or strains of bacteria by thei...

Bacteriophages - Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells....

Bacteriorhodopsins - Rhodopsins found in the PURPLE MEMBRANE of halophilic archaea such as HALOBACTERIUM HALOBIUM. Bacter...

Bacteriuria - The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the U...

Bacteroidaceae - A family of gram-negative bacteria found primarily in the intestinal tracts and mucous membranes of ...

Bacteroidaceae Infections - Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE....

Bacteroides - A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Its organisms are normal inhabitants of th...

Bacteroides fragilis - Gram-negative bacteria occurring in the lower intestinal tracts of man and other animals. It is the ...

Bacteroides Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES....

Bacteroidetes - A phylum of bacteria comprised of three classes: Bacteroides, Flavobacteria, and Sphingobacteria....

Baculoviridae - Family of INSECT VIRUSES containing two subfamilies: Eubaculovirinae (occluded baculoviruses) and Nu...

Badnavirus - A genus of DNA plant viruses with bacilliform morphology. Transmission in clonally-propagated plants...

Bahamas - A chain of islands, cays, and reefs in the West Indies, lying southeast of Florida and north of Cuba...

Bahrain - An independent state, an archipelago in the western Persian Gulf, northwest of Qatar. It comprises l...

Balaenoptera - A genus of WHALES in the family Balaenopteridae, consisting of five species: Blue Whale, Bryde's Wha...

Balanites - A plant genus of the family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Feruloyltyramine, balanitoside (a furostanol glycoside),...

Balanitis - Inflammation of the head of the PENIS, glans penis....

Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans - An atrophic and sclerotic condition of the head of the PENIS, glans penis. Sometimes it leads to ste...

Balanophoraceae - A plant family of the order Santalales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are root parasit...

Balantidiasis - Infection by parasites of the genus BALANTIDIUM. The presence of Balantidium in the LARGE INTESTINE ...

Balantidium - A genus of protozoa parasitic in the digestive tract of vertebrate or invertebrate hosts. Asexual mu...

BALB 3T3 Cells - Cell lines developed from disaggregated BALB/c mouse embryos. They are extremely sensitive to CONTAC...

Balkan Nephropathy - A form of chronic interstitial nephritis that is endemic to limited areas of BULGARIA, the former YU...

Ballistocardiography - Technique of graphic representation of the movements of the body imparted by the ballistic forces (r...

Balloon Dilatation - Nonoperative repair of occluded vessels, ducts, or valves by insertion of a balloon catheter. It is ...

Balloon Occlusion - Use of a balloon catheter to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein....

Ballota - A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that contains phenylpropanoids....

Balneology - Therapy by various hot or warm baths in natural mineral waters, spas, or "cures". It includes not on...

Balsaminaceae - A plant family of the order Geraniales (or Ericales in APG system), subclass Rosidae, class Magnolio...

Balsams - Resinous substances which most commonly originate from trees. In addition to resins, they contain oi...

Baltic States - The collective name for the republics of ESTONIA; LATVIA; and LITHUANIA on the eastern shore of the ...

Bambermycins - Antibiotic complex obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis containing mainly Moenomycins A and C. T...

Bambusa - A plant genus of the family POACEAE. Young shoots are eaten in Asian foods while the stiff mature st...

Bandages - Material used for wrapping or binding any part of the body....

Bandages, Hydrocolloid - Dressings comprised of a self-adhesive matrix to which hydrophilic absorbent particles are embedded....

Banisteriopsis - A plant genus of the family MALPIGHIACEAE which includes an Amazonian psychoactive plant that contai...

Bankruptcy - The state of legal insolvency with assets taken over by judicial process so that they may be distrib...

Barbados - An island in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. It is chiefly of coral formation with no good h...

Barbarea - A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE. Members contain glucobrassicin....

Barber Surgeons - In the late Middle Ages barbers who also let blood, sold unguents, pulled teeth, applied cups, and g...

Barbering - The occupation concerned with the cutting and dressing of the hair of customers and, of men, the sha...

Barbital - A long-acting barbiturate that depresses most metabolic processes at high doses. It is used as a hyp...

Barbiturates - A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MOD...

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome - An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; POLYDACTYLY; OBESITY; MENTAL ...

Bariatric Medicine - The discipline concerned with WEIGHT REDUCTION in patients with OBESITY....

Bariatric Surgery - Surgical procedures aimed at producing major WEIGHT REDUCTION in patients with MORBID OBESITY....

Bariatrics - Activities related to WEIGHT REDUCTION in patients with OBESITY. Treatment methods include DIET; EXE...

Barium - An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and ...

Barium Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain barium as an integral part of the molecule....

Barium Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of barium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ba atoms with atomic weig...

Barium Sulfate - A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also ...

Baroreflex - A response by the BARORECEPTORS to increased BLOOD PRESSURE. Increased pressure stretches BLOOD VESS...

Barotrauma - Injury following pressure changes; includes injury to the eustachian tube, ear drum, lung and stomac...

Barrett Esophagus - A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESO...

Barringtonia - A plant genus of the family Lecythidaceae. Members contain nasimalun A and B (neo-clerodane diterpen...

Barth Syndrome - Rare congenital X-linked disorder of lipid metabolism. Barth syndrome is transmitted in an X-linked ...

Bartholin's Glands - Mucus-secreting glands situated on the posterior and lateral aspect of the vestibule of the vagina....

Bartonella - A genus of gram-negative bacteria characteristically appearing in chains of several segmenting organ...

Bartonella bacilliformis - The type species of the genus BARTONELLA, a gram-negative bacteria found in humans. It is found in t...

Bartonella henselae - A species of gram-negative bacteria that is the etiologic agent of bacillary angiomatosis (ANGIOMATO...

Bartonella Infections - Infections by the genus BARTONELLA. Bartonella bacilliformis can cause acute febrile anemia, designa...

Bartonella quintana - A species of gram-negative bacteria in which man is the primary host and the human body louse, Pedic...

Bartonellaceae - A family of small gram-negative bacteria whose organisms are parasites of erythrocytes in man and ot...

Bartonellaceae Infections - Infections with bacteria of the family BARTONELLACEAE....

Bartter Syndrome - A group of disorders caused by defective salt reabsorption in the ascending LOOP OF HENLE. It is cha...

Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome - Hereditary disorder consisting of multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and multi...

Basal Ganglia - Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of ...

Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease - A pathological condition caused by impaired blood flow in the basal regions of cerebral hemispheres ...

Basal Ganglia Diseases - Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDA...

Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage - Bleeding within the subcortical regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA). It is often associa...

Basal Metabolism - Heat production, or its measurement, of an organism at the lowest level of cell chemistry in an inac...

Basal Nucleus of Meynert - A group of nerve cells in the substantia innominata that has wide projections to the neocortex and i...

Base Composition - The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid....

Base Pair Mismatch - The presence of an uncomplimentary base in double-stranded DNA caused by spontaneous deamination of ...

Base Pairing - Pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases by HYDROGEN BONDING in double-stranded DNA or RNA....

Base Sequence - The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucl...

Baseball - A competitive nine-member team sport including softball....

Basement Membrane - A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM ...

Bashkiria - A political subdivision of eastern RUSSIA located within Europe. It consists of a plateau and mounta...

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors - A family of transcription factors that contain regions rich in basic residues, LEUCINE ZIPPER domain...

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF....

Basic Reproduction Number - The expected number of new cases of an infection caused by an infected individual, in a population c...

Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors - A large superfamily of transcription factors that contain a region rich in BASIC AMINO ACID residues...

Basidiomycota - A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. I...

Basilar Artery - The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to t...

Basilar Membrane - A basement membrane in the cochlea that supports the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI, consisting ke...

Basketball - A competitive team sport played on a rectangular court having a raised basket at each end....

Basophil Degranulation Test - An in vitro test used in the diagnosis of allergies including drug hypersensitivity. The allergen is...

Basophils - Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm contai...

Bass - Common name for FISHES belonging to the order Perciformes and occurring in three different families....

Bassia scoparia - A plant species of the family CHENOPODIACEAE. It is a source of furonaphthoquinones. The common na...

Bathing Beaches - Beaches, both natural and man-made, used for bathing and other activities....

Baths - The immersion or washing of the body or any of its parts in water or other medium for cleansing or m...

Batrachoidiformes - An order of bottom fishes with short, small, spinous dorsal fins. It is comprised of one family (Bat...

Batrachotoxins - Batrachotoxin is the 20-alpha-bromobenzoate of batrachotoxin A; they are toxins from the venom of a ...

Batroxobin - A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the venom of fer-de-lance (Bothrops atrox). It is used as a plasm...

Battered Child Syndrome - Repeated physical injuries inflicted on the child by the parent, parents, or surrogate parent; often...

Battered Women - Women who are physically and mentally abused over an extended period, usually by a husband or other ...

Bauhinia - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain isoacteoside, luteolin, indole-3-carboxylic ac...

Bayes Theorem - A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to o...

Bay-Region, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon - A concave exterior region on some POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS that have three phenyl rings in a...

B-Cell Activating Factor - A tumor necrosis factor superfamily member that plays a role in the regulation of B-LYMPHOCYTE survi...

B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor - A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that specifically binds B-CELL ACTIVATING...

B-Cell Maturation Antigen - A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES. It has spe...

B-Cell-Specific Activator Protein - A transcription factor that is essential for CELL DIFFERENTIATION of B-LYMPHOCYTES. It functions bot...

BCG Vaccine - An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, v...

bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein - A multi-domain mitochondrial membrane protein and member of the bcl-2 Protein family. Bak protein in...

bcl-2-Associated X Protein - A member of the Bcl-2 protein family and homologous partner of C-BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN. It re...

bcl-Associated Death Protein - A pro-apoptotic protein and member of the Bcl-2 protein family that is regulated by PHOSPHORYLATION....

bcl-X Protein - A member of the bcl-2 protein family that plays a role in the regulation of APOPTOSIS. Two major iso...

Bdellovibrio - A genus of bacteria capable of developing within other bacteria....

Beak - In some animals, the jaws together with their horny covering. The beak usually refers to the bill of...

Beauty - Characteristics or attributes of persons or things which elicit pleasurable feelings....

Beauveria - A mitosporic fungal genus. Teleomorphs are found in the family Clavicipitaceae and include Cordyceps...

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome - A syndrome of multiple defects characterized primarily by umbilical hernia (HERNIA, UMBILICAL); MACR...

Beclomethasone - An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent a...

Bed Conversion - The reallocation of beds from one type of care service to another, as in converting acute care beds ...

Bed Occupancy - A measure of inpatient health facility use based upon the average number or proportion of beds occup...

Bed Rest - Confinement of an individual to bed for therapeutic or experimental reasons....

Bedbugs - Bugs of the family CIMICIDAE, genus Cimex. They are flattened, oval, reddish insects which inhabit h...

Bedding and Linens - Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in hous...

Beds - Equipment on which one may lie and sleep, especially as used to care for the hospital patient....

Bee Venoms - Venoms obtained from Apis mellifera (honey bee) and related species. They contain various enzymes, p...

Beekeeping - The management and maintenance of colonies of honeybees....

Beer - An alcoholic beverage usually made from malted cereal grain (as barley), flavored with hops, and bre...

Bees - Insect members of the superfamily Apoidea, found almost everywhere, particularly on flowers. About 3...

Beetles - INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard ...

Beggiatoa - A genus of colorless, filamentous bacteria in the family THIOTRICHACEAE whose cells contain inclusio...

Beginning of Human Life - The point at which religious ensoulment or PERSONHOOD is considered to begin....

Begomovirus - A genus of plant viruses in the family GEMINIVIRIDAE that are transmitted in nature by whitefly Bemi...

Begoniaceae - A plant family of the order Violales (by some in Begoniales), subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliops...

Behavior - The observable response a person makes to any situation....

Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms - The observable response made to a situation and the unconscious processes underlying it....

Behavior Control - Manipulation of the behavior of persons or animals by biomedical, physical, psychological, or social...

Behavior Therapy - The application of modern theories of learning and conditioning in the treatment of behavior disorde...

Behavior, Addictive - The observable, measurable, and often pathological activity of an organism that portrays its inabili...

Behavior, Animal - The observable response an animal makes to any situation....

Behavioral Disciplines and Activities - The specialties in psychiatry and psychology, their diagnostic techniques and tests, their therapeut...

Behavioral Medicine - The interdisciplinary field concerned with the development and integration of behavioral and biomedi...

Behavioral Research - Research that involves the application of the behavioral and social sciences to the study of the act...

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System - Telephone surveys are conducted to monitor prevalence of the major behavioral risks among adults ass...

Behavioral Sciences - Disciplines concerned with the study of human and animal behavior....

Behavioral Symptoms - Observable manifestations of impaired psychological functioning....

Behaviorism - A psychologic theory developed by James B. Watson concerned with studying and measuring behaviors th...

Behcet Syndrome - Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and c...

Behind-the-Counter Drugs - Medicines that are stocked behind the counter of a pharmacy which require the attention or counsel o...

Beijerinckiaceae - A family of aerobic gram-negative rods that are nitrogen fixers. They are highly viscous, and appear...

Bell Palsy - A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2...

Belladonna Alkaloids - Alkaloids obtained from various plants, especially the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), variet...

Beloniformes - An order of fish in the group SMEGMAMORPHA, comprising adrianichthyids, medakas (ORYZIAS), needlefis...

Beluga Whale - The species Delphinapterus leucas, in the family Monodontidae, found primarily in the Arctic Ocean a...

Bemegride - A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as...

Benactyzine - A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression a...

Bence Jones Protein - An abnormal protein with unusual thermosolubility characteristics that is found in the urine of pati...

Benchmarking - Method of measuring performance against established standards of best practice....

Bencyclane - A vasodilator agent found to be effective in a variety of peripheral circulation disorders. It has v...

Bender-Gestalt Test - A psychological test consisting of nine geometric designs on cards. The subject is asked to redraw t...

Bendroflumethiazide - A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used ...

Beneficence - The state or quality of being kind, charitable, or beneficial. (from American Heritage Dictionary of...

Benin - A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo...

Benomyl - A systemic agricultural fungicide used for control of certain fungal diseases of stone fruit....

Benperidol - A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the tre...

Benserazide - An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given...

Bentonite - A colloidal, hydrated aluminum silicate that swells 12 times its dry size when added to water....

Benz(a)Anthracenes - Four fused benzyl rings with three linear and one angular, that can be viewed as a benzyl-phenanthre...

Benzaldehyde Dehydrogenase (NADP+) - An NADP+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of benzaldehyde to BENZOIC ACID. It also pla...

Benzalkonium Compounds - A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium deterge...

Benzamides - BENZOIC ACID amides....

Benzamidines - Amidines substituted with a benzene group. Benzamidine and its derivatives are known as peptidase in...

Benzazepines - Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES....

Benzbromarone - Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout....

Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide - Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor....

Benzene - Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an indus...

Benzeneacetamides - Compounds based on benzeneacetamide, that are similar in structure to ACETANILIDES....

Benzenesulfonates - Organic salts and esters of benzenesulfonic acid....

Benzethonium - Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is a...

Benzhydryl Compounds - Compounds which contain the methyl radical substituted with two benzene rings. Permitted are any sub...

Benzidines - Very toxic industrial chemicals. They are absorbed through the skin, causing lethal blood, bladder, ...

Benzimidazoles - Compounds with a BENZENE fused to IMIDAZOLES....

Benzo(a)pyrene - A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on in...

Benzoate 4-Monooxygenase - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of BENZOATE to 4-hydroxybenzoate. It requires IRON and tetrah...

Benzoates - Salts and esters of BENZOIC ACID that possess antibacterial and antifungal properties. They are used...

Benzocaine - A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along nerve fibers and at nerv...

Benzodiazepines - A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring....

Benzodioxoles - Compounds based on benzene fused to oxole. They can be formed from methylated CATECHOLS such as EUGE...

Benzoflavones - Organic compounds containing a benzene ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent ar...

Benzofurans - Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring....

Benzoic Acid - A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in th...

Benzoic Acids - Acids, salts, and derivatives of BENZOIC ACID....

Benzoin - A white crystalline compound prepared by condensation of benzaldehyde in potassium cyanide and used ...

Benzolamide - Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory ...

Benzomorphans - Morphine derivatives of the methanobenzazocine family that act as potent analgesics....

Benzophenanthridines - Compounds of four rings containing a nitrogen. They are biosynthesized from reticuline via rearrange...

Benzophenoneidum - An aniline dye used as a disinfectant and an antiseptic agent. It is weakly fluorescing and binds sp...

Benzopyrans - Compounds with a core of fused benzo-pyran rings....

Benzopyrene Hydroxylase - A drug-metabolizing, cytochrome P-448 (P-450) enzyme which catalyzes the hydroxylation of benzopyren...

Benzopyrenes - A class of chemicals that contain an anthracene ring with a naphthalene ring attached to it....

Benzoquinones - Benzene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any posi...

Benzothiadiazines - Heterocyclic compounds of a ring with SULFUR and two NITROGEN atoms fused to a BENZENE ring. Members...

Benzothiazoles - Compounds with a benzene ring fused to a thiazole ring....

Benzoxazines - OXAZINES with a fused BENZENE ring....

Benzoyl Peroxide - A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the trea...

Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide - A chromogenic substrate that permits direct measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g., papain ...

Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide - An enzyme substrate which permits the measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g. trypsin and th...

Benzoylcholine - The benzoic acid ester of choline....

Benzphetamine - A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of...

Benztropine - A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSO...

Benzydamine - A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce...

Benzyl Alcohol - A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and ...

Benzyl Alcohols - Alcohols derived from the aryl radical (C6H5CH2-) and defined by C6H5CHOH. The concept includes deri...

Benzyl Viologen - 1,1'-Bis(phenylmethyl)4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride. Oxidation-reduction indicator....

Benzylamine Oxidase - An aspect of monoamine oxidase, EC 1.4.3.4. Catalyzes the oxidation of benzylamine to form benzaldeh...

Benzylamines - Toluenes in which one hydrogen of the methyl group is substituted by an amino group. Permitted are a...

Benzylammonium Compounds - QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS based on BENZYLAMINES with the general formula phenyl-CN+R3....

Benzylidene Compounds - Compounds containing the PhCH= radical....

Benzylisoquinolines - ISOQUINOLINES with a benzyl substituent....

Bephenium Compounds - Analogs or derivatives of bephenium (N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-phenoxyethyl)benzenemethanaminium)....

Bepridil - A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces signi...

Berberidaceae - The Barberry plant family of the order Ranunculales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. The ...

Berberine - An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It i...

Berberine Alkaloids - A group of related plant alkaloids that contain the BERBERINE heterocyclic ring structure....

Berberis - A plant genus in the family BERBERIDACEAE. The common names of Barberry or Oregon Grape are also use...

Bereavement - Refers to the whole process of grieving and mourning and is associated with a deep sense of loss and...

Beriberi - A disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) and characterized by polyneuritis, cardiac...

Berkelium - Berkelium. A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Bk, atomic number 97, and atomic weigh...

Bermuda - A British colony in the western North Atlantic Ocean about 640 miles east southeast of Cape Hatteras...

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome - A familial coagulation disorder characterized by a prolonged bleeding time, unusually large platelet...

Bertholletia - A plant genus of the family Lecythidaceae which is the source of edible Brazil nuts....

Berylliosis - A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaled rare metal BERYLLIUM or its soluble salts which are used ...

Beryllium - Beryllium. An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short e...

beta 2-Glycoprotein I - A 44-kDa highly glycosylated plasma protein that binds phospholipids including CARDIOLIPIN; APOLIPOP...

beta 2-Microglobulin - An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. It is the ...

beta Carotene - A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosen...

beta Catenin - A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin bi...

beta Karyopherins - Nucleocytoplasmic transport molecules that bind to ALPHA KARYOPHERINS in the CYTOSOL and are involve...

Beta Particles - High energy POSITRONS or ELECTRONS ejected from a disintegrating atomic nucleus....

Beta Rhythm - Brain waves with frequency greater than 13 Hz seen on EEG during wakefulness....

Beta vulgaris - A species of the Beta genus. Cultivars are used as a source of beets (root) or chard (leaves)....

beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases - G-protein-coupled receptor kinases that mediate agonist-dependent PHOSPHORYLATION and desensitizatio...

beta-Alanine - An amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Since neuronal uptak...

beta-Alanine-Pyruvate Transaminase - A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-ALANINE...

beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea - A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases th...

beta-Amylase - An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in starch, glycogen, and re...

beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - A monooxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of BETA-CAROTENE into two molecules of RETINAL. It was...

beta-Crystallin A Chain - The acidic subunit of beta-crystallins....

beta-Crystallin B Chain - The basic subunit of beta-crystallins....

beta-Crystallins - A class of crystallins that provides refractive power and translucency to the lens (LENS, CRYSTALLIN...

Betacyanins - Conjugates of betalamic acid with cyclo-dopa, both of which derive from TYROSINE. They appear simila...

beta-Cyclodextrins - Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds....

beta-Defensins - DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells....

beta-Endorphin - A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPT...

beta-Fructofuranosidase - A glycoside hydrolase found primarily in PLANTS and YEASTS. It has specificity for beta-D-fructofura...

beta-Galactosidase - A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues...

beta-Globins - Members of the beta-globin family. In humans, they are encoded in a gene cluster on CHROMOSOME 11. T...

Beta-Globulins - Serum proteins with an electrophoretic mobility that falls between ALPHA-GLOBULINS and GAMMA-GLOBULI...

beta-Glucans - Glucose polymers consisting of a backbone of beta(1->3)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl units with beta...

beta-Glucosidase - An exocellulase with specificity for a variety of beta-D-glycoside substrates. It catalyzes the hydr...

Betaherpesvirinae - A subfamily of HERPESVIRIDAE characterized by a relatively long replication cycle. Genera include: C...

beta-Hexosaminidase alpha Chain - The alpha subunit of hexosaminidase A. Mutations in the gene that encodes this protein can result in...

beta-Hexosaminidase beta Chain - The beta subunit of hexosaminidase A and hexosamininidase B. Mutations in the gene that encodes this...

Betahistine - A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEA...

Betaine - A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, ...

Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase - An NAD+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of betain aldehyde to BETAINE....

Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase - A ZINC metalloenzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from BETAINE to HOMOCYSTEINE to p...

beta-Keratins - Keratins that form into a beta-pleated sheet structure. They are principle constituents of the corne...

beta-Lactam Resistance - Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of the beta-lactam antibiotics. Mechanisms responsible f...

beta-Lactamases - Enzymes found in many bacteria which catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond in the beta-lactam ri...

beta-Lactams - Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, as well...

Betalains - Compounds derived from TYROSINE via betalamic acid, including BETAXANTHINS and BETACYANINS. They are...

beta-Lipotropin - A 90-amino acid peptide derived from post-translational processing of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in...

beta-Mannosidase - An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-...

beta-Mannosidosis - An inborn error of metabolism marked by a defect in the lysosomal isoform of BETA-MANNOSIDASE that r...

Betamethasone - A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically...

Betamethasone 17-Valerate - The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity a...

beta-MSH - An 18-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of gamma-lipotropin which is the N-terminal...

beta-N-Acetyl-Galactosaminidase - A hexosiminidase that specifically hydrolyzes terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue...

beta-N-Acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to a specific glycoprotein rec...

beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases - A hexosaminidase specific for non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosam...

beta-Naphthoflavone - A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 D...

Betapapillomavirus - A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE, causing cutaneous lesions in humans. Infectio...

Betaproteobacteria - A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised of chemoheterotrophs and chemoautotrophs which derive...

Betaretrovirus - A genus of the family RETROVIRIDAE consisting of viruses with either type B or type D morphology. T...

beta-Synuclein - A synuclein that is closely related to ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN. It may play a neuroprotective role against s...

beta-Thalassemia - A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation...

beta-Thromboglobulin - A platelet-specific protein which is released when platelets aggregate. Elevated plasma levels have ...

beta-Tocopherol - A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol. It exhibits antioxidant ...

beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins - A family of F-box domain proteins that contain sequences that are homologous to the beta subunit of ...

Betaxanthins - Conjugates of betalamic acid with AMINO ACIDS. Some of them are yellow COLORING AGENTS in the Caryop...

Betaxolol - A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity....

Betazole - A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function....

Bethanechol - A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to i...

Bethanidine - A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode...

Betula - A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE. The tree has smooth, resinous, varicolored or white bark, ma...

Betulaceae - A plant family of the order Fagales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. They have simple, se...

Beverages - Liquids that are suitable for drinking. (From Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)...

Bezafibrate - Antilipemic agent that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides. It decreases low density lipoproteins a...

Bezoars - Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the aliment...

BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein - A member of the Bcl-2 protein family that reversibly binds MEMBRANES. It is a pro-apoptotic protein ...

Bhopal Accidental Release - 1984 accident in Bhopal, INDIA at a PESTICIDES facility, resulting when WATER entered a storage tank...

Bhutan - A kingdom in the eastern Himalayas on the northeast border of India, bounded on the north by Tibet, ...

Bias (Epidemiology) - Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias ...

Bibenzyls - Compounds with 1,2-diphenylethane. They are structurally like reduced STILBENES....

Bible - The book composed of writings generally accepted by Christians as inspired by God and of divine auth...

Bibliography - A work consisting of a list of books, articles, documents, publications, and other items, usually on...

Bibliography as Topic - Discussion of lists of works, documents or other publications, usually with some relationship betwee...

Bibliography of Medicine - A list of works, documents, and other publications on medical subjects and topics of interest to the...

Bibliography, Descriptive - The area of bibliography which makes known precisely the material conditions of books, i.e., the ful...

Bibliography, National - A bibliography which lists all the books and other publications published, or distributed in signifi...

Bibliometrics - The use of statistical methods in the analysis of a body of literature to reveal the historical deve...

Bibliotherapy - A form of supportive psychotherapy in which the patient is given carefully selected material to read...

Bicarbonates - Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH o...

Bicuculline - Isoquinoline alkaloid from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants that is a competitive antagonist at ...

Bicuspid - One of the eight permanent teeth, two on either side in each jaw, between the canines (CUSPID) and t...

Bicycling - The use of a bicycle for transportation or recreation. It does not include the use of a bicycle in s...

Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic - A class of saturated compounds consisting of two rings only, having two or more atoms in common, con...

Bidens - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain bidensyneosides (polyacetylene glucosides)....

Bifidobacteriales Infections - Infections with BACTERIA of the order Bifidobacteriales. This includes infections in the genera BIFI...

Bifidobacterium - A rod-shaped, gram-positive, non-acid-fast, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium that is a genus ...

Biflavonoids - Dimers (homo and hetero) of FLAVONOIDS....

Bignoniaceae - A plant family of the order Scrophulariales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is ...

Bile - An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes ...

Bile Acids and Salts - Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usuall...

Bile Canaliculi - Minute intercellular channels that occur between liver cells and carry bile towards interlobar bile ...

Bile Duct Diseases - Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to ...

Bile Duct Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS....

Bile Ducts - The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the BILE CANALICULI, the smallest br...

Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic - Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the COMMON BILE DUCT and th...

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic - Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even tho...

Bile Pigments - Linear TETRAPYRROLES that give a characteristic color to BILE including: BILIRUBIN; BILIVERDIN; and ...

Bile Reflux - Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX)...

Biliary Atresia - Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in t...

Biliary Dyskinesia - A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADD...

Biliary Fistula - Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs....

Biliary Tract - The BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER....

Biliary Tract Diseases - Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER....

Biliary Tract Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER....

Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures - Any surgical procedure performed on the biliary tract....

Biliopancreatic Diversion - A surgical procedure which diverts pancreatobiliary secretions via the duodenum and the jejunum into...

Bilirubin - A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME....

Biliverdine - 1,3,6,7-Tetramethyl-4,5-dicarboxyethyl-2,8-divinylbilenone. Biosynthesized from hemoglobin as a prec...

Bilobalides - A degraded form of GINKGOLIDES that have three LACTONES and a unique tert-butyl group which are foun...

Bilophila - A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria in the family Desulfovibrionaceae. It was originally re...

Binding Sites - The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another mole...

Binding Sites, Antibody - Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens. They are f...

Binding, Competitive - The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of...

Binge-Eating Disorder - A disorder associated with three or more of the following: eating until feeling uncomfortably full; ...

Binomial Distribution - The probability distribution associated with two mutually exclusive outcomes; used to model cumulati...

Bioartificial Organs - Artificial organs that are composites of biomaterials and cells. The biomaterial can act as a membra...

Biobibliography - Works consisting of biographical information as well as lists of the writings of those persons....

Biobibliography as Topic - A biography which includes a list of the writings of the subject person....

Biocatalysis - The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZY...

Biochemical Phenomena - The chemical processes, enzymatic activities, and pathways of living things and related temporal, di...

Biochemical Processes - Chemical reactions or functions, enzymatic activities, and metabolic pathways of living things....

Biochemistry - The study of the composition, chemical structures, and chemical reactions of living things....

Biocompatible Materials - Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUE...

Biodegradation, Environmental - Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually ...

Biodiversity - The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships....

Bioelectric Energy Sources - Electric power supply devices which convert biological energy, such as chemical energy of metabolism...

Bioengineering - The application of engineering principles and methods to living organisms or biological systems....

Bioethical Issues - Clusters of topics that fall within the domain of BIOETHICS, the field of study concerned with value...

Bioethics - A branch of applied ethics that studies the value implications of practices and developments in life...

Biofeedback, Psychology - The therapy technique of providing the status of one's own AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM function (e.g., ...

Biofilms - Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in ext...

Biofouling - Process by which unwanted microbial, plant or animal materials or organisms accumulate on man-made s...

Biofuels - Hydrocarbon-rich byproducts from the non-fossilized BIOMASS that are combusted to generate energy as...

Biogenesis - The origin of life. It includes studies of the potential basis for life in organic compounds but exc...

Biogenic Amines - A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acid...

Biogenic Monoamines - Biogenic amines having only one amine moiety. Included in this group are all natural monoamines form...

Biogenic Polyamines - Biogenic amines having more than one amine group. These are long-chain aliphatic compounds that cont...

Biography - Works consisting of an account of the events, works, and achievements, personal and professional, du...

Biography as Topic - A written account of a person's life and the branch of literature concerned with the lives of people...

Biohazard Release - Uncontrolled release of biological material from its containment. This either threatens to, or does,...

Biolistics - Techniques where DNA is delivered directly into organelles at high speed using projectiles coated wi...

Biological Assay - A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo o...

Biological Availability - The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of dru...

Biological Clocks - The physiological mechanisms that govern the rhythmic occurrence of certain biochemical, physiologic...

Biological Dressings - Human or animal tissue used as temporary wound coverings....

Biological Factors - Endogenously-synthesized compounds that may influence biological phenomena or represent quantifiable...

Biological Markers - Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hor...

Biological Phenomena - Biological processes, properties, and characteristics of the whole organism in human, animal, microo...

Biological Processes - Biological activities and function of the whole organism in human, animal, microorgansims, and plan...

Biological Products - Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or agents of organic origin, usually obtained by bi...

Biological Psychiatry - An interdisciplinary science concerned with studies of the biological bases of behavior - biochemica...

Biological Science Disciplines - All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of li...

Biological Specimen Banks - Facilities that collect, store, and distribute tissues, e.g., cell lines, microorganisms, blood, spe...

Biological Therapy - Treatment of diseases with biological materials or biological response modifiers, such as the use of...

Biological Transport - The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system a...

Biological Transport, Active - The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gra...

Biological Warfare - Warfare involving the use of living organisms or their products as disease etiologic agents against ...

Biological Warfare Agents - Living organisms or their toxic products that are used to cause disease or death of humans during wa...

Biology - One of the BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES concerned with the origin, structure, development, growth,...

Biomarkers, Pharmacological - Measurable biological parameters that serve for drug development, safety and dosing (DRUG MONITORING...

Biomass - Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of ...

Biomechanics - The mechanical laws and the action of forces in living structures....

Biomedical and Dental Materials - Substances used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for their physical, as opposed to chemical...

Biomedical Engineering - Application of principles and practices of engineering science to biomedical research and health car...

Biomedical Enhancement - The use of technology-based interventions to improve functional capacities rather than to treat dise...

Biomedical Research - Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, t...

Biomedical Technology - The application of technology to the solution of medical problems....

Biometric Identification - A method of differentiating individuals based on the analysis of qualitative or quantitative biologi...

Biometry - The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena....

Biomimetic Materials - Materials fabricated by BIOMIMETICS techniques, i.e., based on natural processes found in biological...

Biomimetics - An interdisciplinary field in materials science, ENGINEERING, and BIOLOGY, studying the use of biolo...

Biomphalaria - A genus of planorbid freshwater snails, species of which are intermediate hosts of Schistosoma manso...

Bionics - The study of systems, particularly electronic systems, which function after the manner of, in a mann...

Biopharmaceutics - The study of the physical and chemical properties of a drug and its dosage form as related to the on...

Biophysical Phenomena - The physical characteristics and processes of biological systems....

Biophysical Processes - Physical forces and actions in living things....

Biophysics - The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things....

Biopolymers - Polymers synthesized by living organisms. They play a role in the formation of macromolecular struct...

Bioprosthesis - Prosthesis, usually heart valve, composed of biological material and whose durability depends upon t...

Biopsy - Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the livin...

Biopsy, Fine-Needle - Using fine needles (finer than 22-gauge) to remove tissue or fluid specimens from the living body fo...

Biopsy, Needle - Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific r...

Biopterin - A natural product that has been considered as a growth factor for some insects....

Bioreactors - Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a bi...

Biosensing Techniques - Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentratio...

Biostatistics - The application of STATISTICS to biological systems and organisms involving the retrieval or collect...

Biosurveillance - Monitoring of information sources of potential value in detecting an emerging epidemic, whether natu...

Biosynthetic Pathways - Sets of enzymatic reactions occurring in organisms and that form biochemicals by making new covalent...

Biotechnology - Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpos...

Bioterrorism - The use of biological agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of BACTERIA; VIRUSES; or...

Biotin - A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly b...

Biotinidase - An enzyme which catalyzes the release of BIOTIN from biocytin. In human, defects in the enzyme are t...

Biotinidase Deficiency - The late onset form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY (deficiency of the activities of biotin-depen...

Biotinylation - Incorporation of biotinyl groups into molecules....

Biotransformation - The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may i...

Biperiden - A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has ...

Bipolar Disorder - A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a t...

Bird Diseases - Diseases of birds not considered poultry, therefore usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. The ...

Bird Fancier's Lung - A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled avian antigens, u...

Birds - Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves....

Birefringence - The property of nonisotropic media, such as crystals, whereby a single incident beam of light traver...

Birnaviridae - A family of bisegmented, double-stranded RNA viruses causing infection in fish, mollusks, fowl, and ...

Birnaviridae Infections - Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE....

Birth Certificates - Official certifications by a physician recording the individual's birth date, place of birth, parent...

Birth Injuries - Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery....

Birth Intervals - The lengths of intervals between births to women in the population....

Birth Order - The sequence in which children are born into the family....

Birth Rate - The number of births in a given population per year or other unit of time....

Birth Weight - The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or k...

Birthing Centers - Free-standing facilities that provide prenatal, childbirth, and postnatal care and usually incorpora...

Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide - An inhibitor of the last step of noradrenaline biosynthesis....

Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether - A substance that is an irritant to the eyes and respiratory tract and may be carcinogenic....

Bisacodyl - A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of constipation and for bowel evacuation...

Bisbenzimidazole - A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, t...

Bisexuality - The sexual attraction or relationship between members of both the same and the opposite SEX....

Bismuth - A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, atomic number 83 and atomic weight 208.98....

Bison - A genus of the family Bovidae having two species: B. bison and B. bonasus. This concept is different...

Bisoprolol - A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of hypertension and a...

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate - The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exp...

Bisphosphoglycerate Mutase - An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from C-3 of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to C-2 of 3-ph...

Bis-Trimethylammonium Compounds - Compounds containing polymethylene bis-trimethylammonium cations. Members of this group frequently a...

Bite Force - The force applied by the masticatory muscles in dental occlusion....

Bites, Human - Bites inflicted by humans....

Bithionol - Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations....

Biuret - Used as feed supplement for sheep and cattle since it is a good non-protein nitrogen source. In stro...

Biuret Reaction - A reaction characterized by a violet color upon the addition of copper sulfate to all compounds with...

Bivalvia - A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of mussels; clams; OYSTERS; COCKLES; and SCALLOPS. They are...

Bixaceae - A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. Bixa contains bixi...

BK Virus - A species of POLYOMAVIRUS apparently infecting over 90% of children but not clearly associated with ...

Black Pepper - A common spice from fruit of PIPER NIGRUM. Black pepper is picked unripe and heaped for a few days ...

Black Widow Spider - A venomous New World spider with an hourglass-shaped red mark on the abdomen....

Blackwater Fever - A complication of MALARIA, FALCIPARUM characterized by the passage of dark red to black urine....

Bladder Exstrophy - A birth defect in which the URINARY BLADDER is malformed and exposed, inside out, and protruded thro...

Blade Implantation - Insertion of an endosseous implant with a narrow wedge-shaped infrastructure extending through the o...

Blast Crisis - An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, characterized by a rapid increase in the proporti...

Blast Injuries - Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosio...

Blastocladiella - A genus of aquatic fungi of the family Blastocladiaceae, order Blastocladiales, used in the study of...

Blastocladiomycota - A phylum of flagellated fungi, formerly the order Blastocladiales under CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA....

Blastocyst - A post-MORULA preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-fille...

Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass - The cluster of cells inside a blastocyst. These cells give rise to the embryonic disc and eventual e...

Blastocystina - A suborder of protozoa of the class LOBOSEA....

Blastocystis - A genus of protozoa of the suborder BLASTOCYSTINA. It was first classified as a yeast but further st...

Blastocystis hominis - A species of parasitic protozoa found in the intestines of humans and other primates. It was classif...

Blastocystis Infections - Infections with organisms of the genus BLASTOCYSTIS. The species B. hominis is responsible for most ...

Blastoderm - A layer of cells lining the fluid-filled cavity (blastocele) of a BLASTULA, usually developed from a...

Blastodisc - A small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK where cleavage begins. Upon fertilization the cy...

Blastomeres - Undifferentiated cells resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE). Inside the intact ZONA ...

Blastomyces - A genus of onygenacetous mitosporic fungi whose perfect state is Ajellomyces (see ONYGENALES). The s...

Blastomycosis - A fungal infection that may appear in two forms: 1, a primary lesion characterized by the formation ...

Blastula - An early non-mammalian embryo that follows the MORULA stage. A blastula resembles a hollow ball with...

Blattellidae - A family of insects, in the order Dictyoptera (COCKROACHES), including genera Blattella, Parcoblatta...

Bleeding Time - Duration of blood flow after skin puncture. This test is used as a measure of capillary and platelet...

Bleomycin - A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin ...

Blepharitis - Inflammation of the eyelids....

Blepharophimosis - The abnormal narrowness of the palpebral fissure in the horizontal direction caused by the lateral d...

Blepharoplasty - Plastic surgery of the eyelid. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)...

Blepharoptosis - Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle....

Blepharospasm - Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle....

Blighia - A plant genus of the family SAPINDACEAE. Members contain hypoglycins and ackee oil....

Blind Loop Syndrome - A malabsorption syndrome that is associated with a blind loop in the upper SMALL INTESTINE that is c...

Blindness - The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be t...

Blindness, Cortical - Total loss of vision in all or part of the visual field due to bilateral OCCIPITAL LOBE (i.e., VISUA...

Blinking - Brief closing of the eyelids by involuntary normal periodic closing, as a protective measure, or by ...

Blister - Visible accumulations of fluid within or beneath the epidermis....

Blogging - Using an INTERNET based personal journal which may consist of reflections, comments, and often hyper...

Blood - The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA a...

Blood Bactericidal Activity - The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such a...

Blood Banks - Centers for collecting, characterizing and storing human blood....

Blood Cell Count - The number of LEUKOCYTES and ERYTHROCYTES per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD. A complete bl...

Blood Cells - The cells found in the body fluid circulating throughout the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM....

Blood Circulation - The movement of the BLOOD as it is pumped through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM....

Blood Circulation Time - Determination of the shortest time interval between the injection of a substance in the vein and its...

Blood Coagulation - The process of the interaction of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS that results in an insoluble FIBRIN clot...

Blood Coagulation Disorders - Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulati...

Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited - Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of inherited abnormalities in blood...

Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors - Substances, usually endogenous, that act as inhibitors of blood coagulation. They may affect one or ...

Blood Coagulation Factors - Endogenous substances, usually proteins, that are involved in the blood coagulation process....

Blood Coagulation Tests - Laboratory tests for evaluating the individual's clotting mechanism....

Blood Component Removal - Any procedure in which blood is withdrawn from a donor, a portion is separated and retained and the ...

Blood Component Transfusion - The transfer of blood components such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma from a dono...

Blood Flow Velocity - A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed....

Blood Gas Analysis - Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood....

Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous - The noninvasive measurement or determination of the partial pressure (tension) of oxygen and/or carb...

Blood Glucose - Glucose in blood....

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - Self evaluation of whole blood glucose levels outside the clinical laboratory. A digital or battery-...

Blood Group Antigens - Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLY...

Blood Group Incompatibility - A mismatch between donor and recipient blood. Antibodies present in the recipient's serum are direct...

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching - Testing erythrocytes to determine presence or absence of blood-group antigens, testing of serum to d...

Blood Loss, Surgical - Loss of blood during a surgical procedure....

Blood Patch, Epidural - The injection of autologous blood into the epidural space either as a prophylactic treatment immedia...

Blood Physiological Phenomena - Physiological processes and properties of the BLOOD....

Blood Physiological Processes - Biological actions and events that support the functions of the BLOOD....

Blood Platelet Disorders - Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function....

Blood Platelets - Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. T...

Blood Preservation - The process by which blood or its components are kept viable outside of the organism from which they...

Blood Pressure - PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS....

Blood Pressure Determination - Techniques for measuring blood pressure....

Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory - Method in which repeated blood pressure readings are made while the patient undergoes normal daily a...

Blood Pressure Monitors - Devices for continuously measuring and displaying the arterial blood pressure....

Blood Protein Electrophoresis - Electrophoresis applied to blood proteins....

Blood Proteins - Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and ma...

Blood Sedimentation - Measurement of rate of settling of erythrocytes in anticoagulated blood....

Blood Specimen Collection - The taking of a blood sample to determine its character as a whole, to identify levels of its compon...

Blood Stains - Antigenic characteristics and DNA fingerprint patterns identified from blood stains. Their primary v...

Blood Substitutes - Substances that can carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the tissues when introduced into th...

Blood Transfusion - The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed...

Blood Transfusion, Autologous - Reinfusion of blood or blood products derived from the patient's own circulation. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine - In utero transfusion of BLOOD into the FETUS for the treatment of FETAL DISEASES, such as fetal eryt...

Blood Urea Nitrogen - The urea concentration of the blood stated in terms of nitrogen content. Serum (plasma) urea nitroge...

Blood Vessel Prosthesis - Prosthesis, constructed of either synthetic or biological material, which is used for the repair of ...

Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation - Surgical insertion of synthetic or biological material to repair injured or diseased blood vessels....

Blood Vessels - Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and vein...

Blood Viscosity - The internal resistance of the BLOOD to shear forces. The in vitro measure of whole blood viscosity ...

Blood Volume - Volume of circulating BLOOD. It is the sum of the PLASMA VOLUME and ERYTHROCYTE VOLUME....

Blood Volume Determination - Method for determining the circulating blood volume by introducing a known quantity of foreign subst...

Blood-Air Barrier - The barrier between capillary blood and alveolar air comprising the alveolar EPITHELIUM and capillar...

Blood-Aqueous Barrier - The selectively permeable barrier, in the EYE, formed by the nonpigmented layer of the EPITHELIUM of...

Blood-Borne Pathogens - Infectious organisms in the BLOOD, of which the predominant medical interest is their contamination ...

Blood-Brain Barrier - Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transp...

Bloodletting - Puncture of a vein to draw blood for therapeutic purposes. Bloodletting therapy has been used in Tal...

Blood-Nerve Barrier - The barrier between the perineurium of PERIPHERAL NERVES and the endothelium (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR)...

Blood-Retinal Barrier - A specialized transport barrier, in the EYE, formed by the retinal pigment EPITHELIUM, and the ENDOT...

Blood-Testis Barrier - A specialized barrier, in the TESTIS, between the interstitial BLOOD compartment and the adluminal c...

Bloom Syndrome - An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by telangiectatic ERYTHEMA of the face, photosensitivi...

Blotting, Far-Western - A method that is derived from western blotting (BLOTTING, WESTERN) and is used to detect protein-pro...

Blotting, Northern - Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocel...

Blotting, Southern - A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically s...

Blotting, Southwestern - A method that is used to detect DNA-protein interactions. Proteins are separated by electrophoresis ...

Blotting, Western - Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transfer...

Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans - Prepaid health and hospital insurance plan....

Blue Toe Syndrome - A condition that is caused by recurring atheroembolism in the lower extremities. It is characterized...

Blueberry Plant - Several plant species of the genus VACCINIUM known for the edible blueberry fruit....

Bluetongue - A reovirus infection, chiefly of sheep, characterized by a swollen blue tongue, catarrhal inflammati...

Bluetongue virus - The type species of ORBIVIRUS causing a serious disease in sheep, especially lambs. It may also infe...

Blushing - Involuntary reddening, especially of the face, associated with feelings of embarrassment, confusion ...

B-Lymphocyte Subsets - A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cel...

B-Lymphocytes - Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived ...

Bocavirus - A genus in the subfamily PARVOVIRINAE comprising three species: Bovine parvovirus, Canine minute vir...

Bodily Secretions - Endogenous substances produced through the activity of intact cells of glands, tissues, or organs....

Body Burden - The total amount of a chemical, metal or radioactive substance present at any time after absorption ...

Body Composition - The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat....

Body Constitution - The physical characteristics of the body, including the mode of performance of functions, the activi...

Body Dysmorphic Disorders - SOMATOFORM DISORDERS characterized by preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance not of d...

Body Fat Distribution - Deposits of ADIPOSE TISSUE throughout the body. The pattern of fat deposits in the body regions is a...

Body Fluid Compartments - The two types of spaces between which water and other body fluids are distributed: extracellular and...

Body Fluids - Liquid components of living organisms....

Body Height - The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully e...

Body Image - Individuals' personal concept of their bodies as objects in and bound by space, independently and ap...

Body Mass Index - An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=we...

Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic - The wounding of the body or body parts by branding, cutting, piercing (BODY PIERCING), or TATTOOING ...

Body Patterning - The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan e...

Body Piercing - The perforation of an anatomical region for the wearing of jewelry....

Body Regions - Anatomical areas of the body....

Body Size - The physical measurements of a body....

Body Surface Area - The two dimensional measure of the outer layer of the body....

Body Surface Potential Mapping - Recording of regional electrophysiological information by analysis of surface potentials to give a c...

Body Temperature - The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal....

Body Temperature Changes - Significant alterations in temperature of the human body, above or below 98.6 degrees F. or 37 degre...

Body Temperature Regulation - The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature....

Body Weight - The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms....

Body Weight Changes - A clinical manifestation consisting of alterations in an individual's weight from his or her norm....

Body Weights and Measures - Measurements of the height, weight, length, area, etc., of the human and animal body or its parts....

Boehmeria - A plant genus of the family URTICACEAE. Members contain cryptopleurine, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol...

Boidae - A family of snakes comprising the boas, anacondas, and pythons. They occupy a variety of habitats th...

Bombacaceae - A plant family of the order Malvales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida of tropical trees....

Bombax - A plant genus of the family BOMBACACEAE. The fine silky hairs covering the seeds have been used like...

Bombesin - A tetradecapeptide originally obtained from the skins of toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. It ...

Bombs - A weapon designed to explode when deployed. It frequently refers to a hollow case filled with EXPLOS...

Bombyx - A genus of silkworm MOTHS in the family Bombycidae of the order LEPIDOPTERA. The family contains a s...

Bonamia Plant - A plant genus of the family CONVOLVULACEAE. Members contain bonaspectins (tetrahydrofuran-type sesqu...

Bonding, Human-Pet - The emotional attachment of individuals to pets....

Bone and Bones - A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular...

Bone Banks - Centers for acquiring, characterizing, and storing bones or bone tissue for future use....

Bone Cements - Adhesives used to fix prosthetic devices to bones and to cement bone to bone in difficult fractures....

Bone Conduction - Transmission of sound waves through vibration of bones in the SKULL to the inner ear (COCHLEA). By u...

Bone Cysts - Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endost...

Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal - Solitary lesions of bone that typically cause a bulging of the overlying cortex bearing some resembl...

Bone Demineralization Technique - Removal of mineral constituents or salts from bone or bone tissue. Demineralization is used as a met...

Bone Demineralization, Pathologic - Decrease, loss, or removal of the mineral constituents of bones. Temporary loss of bone mineral cont...

Bone Density - The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practic...

Bone Density Conservation Agents - Agents that inhibit BONE RESORPTION and/or favor BONE MINERALIZATION and BONE REGENERATION. They are...

Bone Development - The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bon...

Bone Diseases - Diseases of BONES....

Bone Diseases, Endocrine - Diseases of the bones related to hyperfunction or hypofunction of the endocrine glands....

Bone Diseases, Infectious - Bone diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms....

Bone Lengthening - Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumati...

Bone Malalignment - Displacement of bones out of line in relation to joints. It may be congenital or traumatic in origin...

Bone Marrow - The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yell...

Bone Marrow Cells - Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYT...

Bone Marrow Examination - Removal of bone marrow and evaluation of its histologic picture....

Bone Marrow Neoplasms - Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow...

Bone Marrow Purging - Techniques for the removal of subpopulations of cells (usually residual tumor cells) from the bone m...

Bone Marrow Transplantation - The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes includ...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 - A bone morphogenetic protein family member that includes an active tolloid-like metalloproteinase do...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 - A protein that plays a role in GRANULOSA CELLS where it regulates folliculogenesis. Mutations in the...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 - A bone morphogenetic protein that is found at high concentrations in a purified osteoinductive prote...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 - A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of bone formation. It also functions as a regu...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5 - A bone morphogenetic protein that may play a role in CARTILAGE formation. It is a potent regulator o...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 - A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of BONE formation. It plays additional roles i...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 - A bone morphogenetic protein that is widely expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It is both a pot...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors - A family of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS that bind BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are PROTEIN-SERINE-TH...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I - A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II - A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with low affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS....

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins - Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily o...

Bone Nails - Rods of bone, metal, or other material used for fixation of the fragments or ends of fractured bones...

Bone Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES....

Bone Plates - Implantable fracture fixation devices attached to bone fragments with screws to bridge the fracture ...

Bone Regeneration - Renewal or repair of lost bone tissue. It excludes BONY CALLUS formed after BONE FRACTURES but not y...

Bone Remodeling - The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (o...

Bone Resorption - Bone loss due to osteoclastic activity....

Bone Substitutes - Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue...

Bone Transplantation - The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site....

Bone Wires - Steel wires, often threaded through the skin, soft tissues, and bone, used to fix broken bones. Kirs...

Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Graft - Fixation of the ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT, during surgical reconstruction, by the use of a bone- pa...

Bones of Lower Extremity - The bones of the upper and lower LEG. They include the PELVIC BONES....

Bones of Upper Extremity - The bones of the upper and lower ARM. They include the CLAVICLE and SCAPULA....

Bongkrekic Acid - An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRA...

Bony Callus - The bony deposit formed between and around the broken ends of BONE FRACTURES during normal healing....

Book Classification - A general term covering bibliographical and bibliothecal classifications. It mostly refers to librar...

Book Illustrations - Works consisting of photographs, prints, drawings, portraits, plates, diagrams, facsimiles, maps, ta...

Book Industry - The aggregate enterprise of manufacturing and technically producing books. (From Random House Unabri...

Book Reviews - Works consisting of critical analyses of books or other monographic works....

Book Reviews as Topic - Critical analyses of books or other monographic works....

Bookplates - Works consisting of book owner's identification labels. They are usually intended for attaching insi...

Bookplates as Topic - Labels pasted in books to mark their ownership and sometimes to indicate their location in a library...

Books, Illustrated - Books containing photographs, prints, drawings, portraits, plates, diagrams, facsimiles, maps, table...

Boraginaceae - The Borage plant family is in the class Magnoliopsida, subclass Asteridae, order Lamiales. It is cha...

Borago - A plant genus of the family BORAGINACEAE....

Boranes - The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous...

Borates - Inorganic or organic salts and esters of boric acid....

Border Disease - Congenital disorder of lambs caused by a virus closely related to or identical with certain strains ...

Border disease virus - A species of PESTIVIRUS causing a congenital sheep disease characterized by an abnormally hairy birt...

Borderline Personality Disorder - A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image...

Bordetella - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria whose cells are minute coccobacilli. It consists of both ...

Bordetella avium - A species of BORDETELLA isolated from the respiratory tracts of TURKEYS and other BIRDS. It causes a...

Bordetella bronchiseptica - A species of BORDETELLA that is parasitic and pathogenic. It is found in the respiratory tract of do...

Bordetella Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus BORDETELLA....

Bordetella parapertussis - A species of BORDETELLA with similar morphology to BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS, but growth is more rapid. I...

Bordetella pertussis - A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the causative agent of WHOOPING COUGH. Its cell...

Boredom - A psychological state resulting from any activity that lacks motivation, or from enforced continuanc...

Boric Acids - Inorganic and organic derivatives of boric acid either B(OH)3 or, preferably H3BO3....

Borinic Acids - Inorganic or organic compounds that contain the general structure R2B(OH)....

Borna Disease - An encephalomyelitis of horses, sheep and cattle caused by BORNA DISEASE VIRUS....

Borna disease virus - A species in the genus Bornavirus, family BORNAVIRIDAE, causing a rare and usually fatal encephaliti...

Bornaviridae - A family in the order MONONEGAVIRALES comprising one genus Bornavirus. This family has a unique form...

Borneo - An island in the Malay Archipelago, east of Sumatra, north of Java, and west of Celebes. It is the t...

Borohydrides - A class of inorganic or organic compounds that contain the borohydride (BH4-) anion....

Boron - A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight 10.81. Boron-10, an iso...

Boron Compounds - Inorganic or organic compounds that contain boron as an integral part of the molecule....

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy - A technique for the treatment of neoplasms, especially gliomas and melanomas in which boron-10, an i...

Boronic Acids - Inorganic or organic compounds that contain the basic structure RB(OH)2....

Borrelia - A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, helical bacteria, various species of which produce RELAPSING FE...

Borrelia burgdorferi - A specific species of bacteria, part of the BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GROUP, whose common name is Lyme di...

Borrelia burgdorferi Group - Gram-negative helical bacteria, in the genus BORRELIA, that are the etiologic agents of LYME DISEASE...

Borrelia Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus BORRELIA....

Bosnia-Herzegovina - A country of eastern Europe, formerly the province of Bosnia in Yugoslavia, uniting with the provinc...

Boswellia - A plant genus of the family BURSERACEAE used medicinally since ancient times. It is a source of sal...

Botany - The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of pla...

Bothrops - A genus of poisonous snakes of the VIPERIDAE family. About 50 species are known and all are found in...

Botrytis - A mitosporic Leotiales fungal genus of plant pathogens. It has teleomorphs in the genus Botryotina....

Botswana - A republic in southern Africa, between NAMIBIA and ZAMBIA. It was formerly called Bechuanaland. Its ...

Bottle Feeding - Use of nursing bottles for feeding. Applies to humans and animals....

Bottle-Nosed Dolphin - The species Tursiops truncatus, in the family Delphinidae, characterized by a bottle-shaped beak and...

Botulinum Antitoxin - Antiserum given therapeutically in BOTULISM....

Botulinum Toxin Type A - A 150 kDa neurotoxic protein produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. When consumed in contaminated food i...

Botulinum Toxins - Proteins synthesized as a single chain of ~150 kDa with 35% sequence identity to TETANUS TOXIN that ...

Botulism - A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere wit...

Boutonneuse Fever - A febrile disease of the Mediterranean area, the Crimea, Africa, and India, caused by infection with...

Bovine papillomavirus 1 - A species of DELTAPAPILLOMAVIRUS infecting cattle....

Bovine papillomavirus 4 - A type of XIPAPILLOMAVIRUS causing alimentary carcinoma in cattle. It is related to Bovine papilloma...

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex - A multifactorial disease of CATTLE resulting from complex interactions between environmental factors...

Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - Acute disease of cattle caused by the bovine viral diarrhea viruses (DIARRHEA VIRUSES, BOVINE VIRAL)...

Bowen's Disease - A persistent progressive non-elevated red scaly or crusted plaque which is due to an intradermal car...

Bowhead Whale - The species Balaena mysticetus, in the family Balaenidae, found in the colder waters of the Northern...

Bowman Capsule - A double-walled epithelial capsule that is the bulbous closed proximal end of the kidney tubular sys...

Bowman Membrane - A layer of acellular matrix that lies beneath the CORNEAL EPITHELIUM and above the CORNEAL STROMA. I...

Boxing - A two-person sport in which the fists are skillfully used to attack and defend....

Braces - Orthopedic appliances used to support, align, or hold parts of the body in correct position. (Dorlan...

Brachial Artery - The continuation of the axillary artery; it branches into the radial and ulnar arteries....

Brachial Plexus - The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brac...

Brachial Plexus Neuritis - A syndrome associated with inflammation of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical features include severe pai...

Brachial Plexus Neuropathies - Diseases of the cervical (and first thoracic) roots, nerve trunks, cords, and peripheral nerve compo...

Brachiaria - A plant genus of the family POACEAE originating from the savanna of eastern Africa. It is widely gro...

Brachiocephalic Trunk - The first and largest artery branching from the aortic arch. It distributes blood to the right side ...

Brachiocephalic Veins - Large veins on either side of the root of the neck formed by the junction of the internal jugular an...

Brachyspira - A genus of spiral bacteria of the family Brachyspiraceae....

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae - A species of anaerobic, spiral bacteria that was formerly classified as Serpulina hyodysenteriae and...

Brachytherapy - A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or p...

Brachyura - An infraorder of chiefly marine, largely carnivorous CRUSTACEA, in the order DECAPODA, including the...

Bradycardia - Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats pe...

Bradykinin - A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a pote...

Bradyrhizobiaceae - A proposed family of bacteria belonging to the alpha-2 subgroup of PROTEOBACTERIA....

Bradyrhizobium - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria usually containing granules of poly-beta-hydr...

Brain - The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NE...

Brain Abscess - A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. ...

Brain Chemistry - Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabo...

Brain Concussion - A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed ...

Brain Damage, Chronic - A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months dura...

Brain Death - A state of prolonged irreversible cessation of all brain activity, including lower brain stem functi...

Brain Diseases - Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the C...

Brain Diseases, Metabolic - Acquired or inborn metabolic diseases that produce brain dysfunction or damage. These include primar...

Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn - Brain disorders resulting from inborn metabolic errors, primarily from enzymatic defects which lead ...

Brain Edema - Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due ...

Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic - Bleeding within the brain as a result of penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Traum...

Brain Infarction - Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and th...

Brain Injuries - Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral h...

Brain Injury, Chronic - Conditions characterized by persistent brain damage or dysfunction as sequelae of cranial trauma. Th...

Brain Ischemia - Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfus...

Brain Mapping - Imaging techniques used to locate sites of brain functions and physiological activity....

Brain Neoplasms - Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemis...

Brain Stem - The part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It consists of th...

Brain Stem Hemorrhage, Traumatic - Bleeding into structures of BRAIN STEM, including the MIDBRAIN; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA, as the r...

Brain Stem Infarctions - Infarctions that occur in the BRAIN STEM which is comprised of the MIDBRAIN; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLON...

Brain Stem Neoplasms - Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAI...

Brain Tissue Transplantation - Transference of brain tissue, either from a fetus or from a born individual, between individuals of ...

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - A member of the nerve growth factor family of trophic factors. In the brain BDNF has a trophic actio...

Branched DNA Signal Amplification Assay - A molecular probe technique that utilizes branched DNA (bDNA) as a means to amplify the hybridizatio...

Branchial Region - A region, of SOMITE development period, that contains a number of paired arches, each with a mesoder...

Branchioma - A tumor derived from branchial epithelium or branchial rests. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome - An autosomal dominant disorder manifested by various combinations of preauricular pits, branchial fi...

Brassica - A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food includi...

Brassica napus - A plant species of the family BRASSICACEAE best known for the edible roots....

Brassica rapa - A plant species cultivated for the seed used as animal feed and as a source of canola cooking oil....

Brassicaceae - A plant family of the order Capparales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are mostly h...

BRCA1 Protein - The phosphoprotein encoded by the BRCA1 gene (GENE, BRCA1). In normal cells the BRCA1 protein is loc...

BRCA2 Protein - A large, nuclear protein, encoded by the BRCA2 gene (GENE, BRCA2). Mutations in this gene predispose...

Bread - Baked food product made of flour or meal that is moistened, kneaded, and sometimes fermented. A majo...

Breast - In humans, one of the paired regions in the anterior portion of the THORAX. The breasts consist of t...

Breast Cyst - A fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM and found in the BREAST. It may a...

Breast Diseases - Pathological processes of the BREAST....

Breast Feeding - The nursing of an infant at the mother's breast....

Breast Implantation - Surgical insertion of an inert sac filled with silicone or other material to augment the female form...

Breast Implants - Implants used to reconstruct and/or cosmetically enhance the female breast. They have an outer shell...

Breast Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST....

Breast Neoplasms, Male - Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the inci...

Breast Self-Examination - The inspection of one's breasts, usually for signs of disease, especially neoplastic disease....

Breath Tests - Any tests done on exhaled air....

Breathing Exercises - Therapeutic exercises aimed to deepen inspiration or expiration or even to alter the rate and rhythm...

Breech Presentation - A malpresentation of the FETUS at near term or during OBSTETRIC LABOR with the fetal cephalic pole i...

Breeding - The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants....

Brefeldin A - A fungal metabolite which is a macrocyclic lactone exhibiting a wide range of antibiotic activity....

Brenner Tumor - A smooth, solid or cystic fibroepithelial (FIBROEPITHELIAL NEOPLASMS) tumor, usually found in the OV...

Brettanomyces - The anamorphic form of the yeast DEKKERA. It is implicated as a spoilage microorganism in wines....

Bretylium Tosylate - An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was forme...

Brevibacterium - A gram-positive organism found in dairy products, fresh and salt water, marine organisms, insects, a...

Brevibacterium flavum - A species in the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM, family Corynebacteriaceae, which is used for industrial prod...

Bridged Compounds - Cyclic hydrocarbons that contain multiple rings and share one or more atoms....

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - A scale comprising 18 symptom constructs chosen to represent relatively independent dimensions of ma...

Brinolase - A fibrinolytic and thrombolytic enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae. EC 3.4.99.-....

British Columbia - A province of Canada on the Pacific coast. Its capital is Victoria. The name given in 1858 derives f...

Broad Ligament - A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis....

Broadsides - Works consisting of published pieces of paper or other material, usually printed on one side and int...

Broadsides as Topic - Published pieces of paper or other material, usually printed on one side and intended to be read unf...

Brocresine - A histidine decarboxylase inhibitor....

Bromates - Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3....

Bromazepam - One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS....

Bromcresol Green - An indicator and reagent. It has been used in serum albumin determinations and as a pH indicator....

Bromcresol Purple - An indicator and reagent. It has been used for several purposes including the determination of serum...

Bromelains - Protein-digesting and milk-clotting enzymes found in PINEAPPLE fruit juice and stem tissue. Enzymes ...

Bromelia - A plant genus of the family BROMELIACEAE. Members contain karatasin and balansain (ENDOPEPTIDASES) a...

Bromeliaceae - A plant family of the order Bromeliales, subclass Zingiberidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons)....

Bromhexine - A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive...

Bromides - Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill D...

Bromine - A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 36, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile re...

Bromine Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain bromine as an integral part of the molecule....

Bromine Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of bromine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Br atoms with atomic wei...

Bromisovalum - A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects....

Bromobenzenes - Derivatives of benzene in which one or more hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring are replaced by bromi...

Bromobenzoates - Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more bromine atoms....

Bromocriptine - A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion...

Bromodeoxycytidine - 5-Bromo-2'-deoxycytidine. Can be incorporated into DNA in the presence of DNA polymerase, replacing ...

Bromodeoxyuridine - A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes bre...

Bromosuccinimide - A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the...

Bromotrichloromethane - A potent liver poison. In rats, bromotrichloromethane produces about three times the degree of liver...

Bromouracil - 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, ...

Bromoviridae - A family of RNA plant viruses with a wide host range in crops and horticultural species. All viruses...

Bromovirus - A genus of tripartite plant viruses in the family BROMOVIRIDAE. Transmission is by beetles. Brome mo...

Brompheniramine - Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria....

Bromphenol Blue - A dye that has been used as an industrial dye, a laboratory indicator, and a biological stain....

Bromthymol Blue - A pH sensitive dye that has been used as an indicator in many laboratory reactions....

Bromus - A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The name is similar to Broom or Scotch Broom (CYTISUS) or Butch...

Bronchi - The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They incl...

Bronchial Arteries - Left bronchial arteries arise from the thoracic aorta, the right from the first aortic intercostal o...

Bronchial Fistula - An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body....

Bronchial Hyperreactivity - Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to...

Bronchial Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI....

Bronchial Provocation Tests - Tests involving inhalation of allergens (nebulized or in dust form), nebulized pharmacologically act...

Bronchial Spasm - Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi....

Bronchiectasis - Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi....

Bronchioles - The small airways branching off the TERTIARY BRONCHI. Terminal bronchioles lead into several orders ...

Bronchiolitis - Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES....

Bronchiolitis Obliterans - Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterize...

Bronchiolitis, Viral - An acute inflammatory disease of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT, caused by paramyxoviruses, occurring p...

Bronchitis - Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BR...

Bronchitis, Chronic - A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecreti...

Bronchoalveolar Lavage - Washing out of the lungs with saline or mucolytic agents for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It ...

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI...

Bronchoconstriction - Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervent...

Bronchoconstrictor Agents - Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole....

Bronchodilator Agents - Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes....

Bronchogenic Cyst - A usually spherical cyst, arising as an embryonic out-pouching of the foregut or trachea. It is gene...

Bronchography - Radiography of the bronchial tree after injection of a contrast medium....

Bronchomalacia - A congenital or acquired condition of underdeveloped or degeneration of CARTILAGE in the BRONCHI. Th...

Bronchopneumonia - Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is associated with BRONCHITIS, usually involving lobular ar...

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILAT...

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration - A developmental anomaly in which a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue lacks normal connection with t...

Bronchoscopes - Endoscopes for the visualization of the interior of the bronchi....

Bronchoscopy - Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the bronchi....

Bronchospirometry - Spirometric technique in which the volume of air breathed in the right and left lung is recorded sep...

Broussonetia - A plant genus of the family MORACEAE. Members contain PYRROLIDINES....

Brown-Sequard Syndrome - A syndrome associated with injury to the lateral half of the spinal cord. The condition is character...

Brucea - A plant genus of the family SIMAROUBACEAE. Members contain bruceosides and bruceanols (quassinoids)....

Brucella - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes BRUCELLOSIS. Its cells are nonmotile coccobac...

Brucella abortus - A species of the genus BRUCELLA whose natural hosts are cattle and other bovidae. Abortion and place...

Brucella canis - A species of gram-negative bacteria infecting DOGS, the natural hosts, and causing canine BRUCELLOSI...

Brucella melitensis - A species of the genus BRUCELLA whose natural hosts are sheep and goats. Other mammals, including hu...

Brucella ovis - A species of the genus BRUCELLA which are pathogenic to SHEEP....

Brucella suis - A species of gram-negative bacteria, primarily infecting SWINE, but it can also infect humans, DOGS,...

Brucella Vaccine - A bacterial vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in man and animal. Brucella abortus vaccine is...

Brucellaceae - A family of gram-negative coccoid to rod-shaped bacteria in the order Rhizobiales. They are obligate...

Brucellosis - Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM...

Brucellosis, Bovine - A disease of cattle caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA leading to abortion in late pregnancy. ...

Bruch Membrane - The inner layer of CHOROID, also called the lamina basalis choroideae, located adjacent to the RETIN...

Brugada Syndrome - An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment i...

Brugia - A filarial worm of Southeast Asia, producing filariasis and elephantiasis in various mammals includi...

Brugia malayi - A species of parasitic nematode causing Malayan filariasis and having a distribution centering rough...

Brugia pahangi - A species of parasitic nematode found in man and other mammals. It has been reported from Malaya and...

Brunei - An independent sultanate on the northeast coast of Borneo. Its chief products are oil and natural ga...

Brunner Glands - The abundant submucosal mucous glands in the DUODENUM. These glands secrete BICARBONATE IONS; GLYCOP...

Bruxism - A disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth....

Bryonia - A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE that is the source of bryodin 1 (a ribosome-inactivating p...

Bryophyta - A division of the plant kingdom. Bryophyta contains the subdivision, Musci, which contains the class...

Bryopsida - A class of plants within the Bryophyta comprising the mosses, which are found in both damp (includin...

Bryostatins - A group of 20-member macrolactones in which there are three remotely substituted pyran rings that ar...

Bryozoa - A phylum of small sessile aquatic animals living as small tufted colonies. Some appear like hydroids...

Buchnera - A genus of gram-negative bacteria which are obligately intracellular endosymbionts of APHIDS. The ba...

Bucladesine - A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of per...

Bucrylate - Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive also used to occlude blood vessels supplying neoplastic or other disea...

Budd-Chiari Syndrome - A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS ...

Buddhism - The teaching ascribed to Gautama Buddha (ca. 483 B.C.) holding that suffering is inherent in life an...

Buddleja - A plant genus of the family SCROPHULARIACEAE. Members contain mimengoside B, verbascoside, and pheny...

Budesonide - A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and alle...

Budgets - Detailed financial plans for carrying out specific activities for a certain period of time. They inc...

Bufanolides - Cyclopentanophenanthrenes with a 6-membered lactone ring attached at the 17-position and SUGARS atta...

Bufexamac - A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered top...

Buffaloes - Ruminants of the family Bovidae consisting of Bubalus arnee and Syncerus caffer. This concept is dif...

Buffers - A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level ...

Bufo arenarum - A species of the true toads, Bufonidae, found in South America....

Bufo bufo - A species of the true toads, Bufonidae, widely distributed in the United States and Europe....

Bufo marinus - A species of the true toads, Bufonidae, becoming fairly common in the southern United States and alm...

Bufonidae - The family of true toads belonging to the order Anura. The genera include Bufo, Ansonia, Nectophryno...

Buformin - An oral hypoglycemic agent that inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and decreases glucos...

Bufotenin - A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals...

Building Codes - Standards or regulations for construction which are designed to ensure safety against electrical haz...

Bulbar Palsy, Progressive - A motor neuron disease marked by progressive weakness of the muscles innervated by cranial nerves of...

Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked - An X-linked recessive form of spinal muscular atrophy. It is due to a mutation of the gene encoding ...

Bulbourethral Glands - Glands situated on each side of the prostate that secrete a fluid component of the seminal fluid int...

Bulimia - Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOS...

Bulimia Nervosa - An eating disorder that is characterized by a cycle of binge eating (BULIMIA or bingeing) followed b...

Bulinus - A genus of small freshwater snails of the order Pulmonata, found throughout Africa and the Middle Ea...

Bumetanide - A sulfamyl diuretic....

Bunaftine - N-Butyl-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1-naphthamide. A proposed antiarrhythmic that prolongs myocardial ...

Bundle of His - Small band of specialized CARDIAC MUSCLE fibers that originates in the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE and ext...

Bundle-Branch Block - A form of heart block in which the electrical stimulation of HEART VENTRICLES is interrupted at eith...

Bungarotoxins - Neurotoxic proteins from the venom of the banded or Formosan krait (Bungarus multicinctus, an elapid...

Bungarus - A genus of poisonous snakes of the subfamily Elapinae of the family ELAPIDAE. They comprise the krai...

Bunion, Tailor's - Abnormal swelling of the outer aspect of the fifth metatarsal head affecting the fifth METATARSOPHAL...

Bunyamwera virus - A species in the ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS genus of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE. A large number of serotypes or st...

Bunyaviridae - A family of viruses, mainly arboviruses, consisting of a single strand of RNA. Virions are enveloped...

Bunyaviridae Infections - Virus diseases caused by the BUNYAVIRIDAE....

Bupivacaine - A widely used local anesthetic agent....

Bupleurum - A plant genus of the family APIACEAE that is the source of bupleurum root and of bupleurotoxin and i...

Bupranolol - An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hyperten...

Buprenorphine - A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than...

Bupropion - A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well unders...

Burial - The act or ceremony of putting a corpse into the ground or a vault, or into the sea; or the inurnmen...

Burimamide - An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been use...

Burkholderia - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Organisms in this genus had originally been ...

Burkholderia cepacia - A species of BURKHOLDERIA considered to be an opportunistic human pathogen. It has been associated w...

Burkholderia cepacia complex - A group of phenotypically similar but genotypically distinct species (genomovars) in the genus BURKH...

Burkholderia gladioli - A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that acts as both a human and plant pathogen....

Burkholderia Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus BURKHOLDERIA....

Burkholderia mallei - A species of gram-negative bacteria parasitic on HORSES and DONKEYS causing GLANDERS, which can be t...

Burkholderia pseudomallei - A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes MELIOIDOSIS. It has been isolated from soil...

Burkholderiaceae - A family of gram negative, aerobic, non-sporeforming, rod-shaped bacteria....

Burkina Faso - A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. ...

Burkitt Lymphoma - A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in ...

Burn Units - Specialized hospital facilities which provide intensive care for burn patients....

Burning Mouth Syndrome - A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a ...

Burnout, Professional - An excessive stress reaction to one's occupational or professional environment. It is manifested by ...

Burns - Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BU...

Burns, Electric - Burns produced by contact with electric current or from a sudden discharge of electricity....

Burns, Inhalation - Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals....

Bursa of Fabricius - An epithelial outgrowth of the cloaca in birds similar to the thymus in mammals. It atrophies within...

Bursera - A plant genus of the family BURSERACEAE. Members contain a PODOPHYLLOTOXIN....

Burseraceae - A plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are resinous tr...

Bursitis - Inflammation or irritation of a bursa, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structu...

Buruli Ulcer - A lesion in the skin and subcutaneous tissues due to infections by MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS. It was fi...

Burundi - A republic in eastern Africa bounded on the north by RWANDA and on the south by TANZANIA. Its capita...

Buserelin - A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6...

Buspirone - An anxiolytic agent and a serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of c...

Busulfan - An alkylating agent having a selective immunosuppressive effect on BONE MARROW. It has been used in ...

Butaclamol - A benzocycloheptapyridoisoquinolinol that has been used as an antipsychotic, especially in schizophr...

Butadienes - Four carbon unsaturated hydrocarbons containing two double bonds....

Butanols - Isomeric forms and derivatives of butanol (C4H9OH)....

Butea - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains butrin and isobutrin....

Buthionine Sulfoximine - A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine s...

Butirosin Sulfate - A water-soluble aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex isolated from fermentation filtrates of Bacillus ...

Butorphanol - A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of sev...

Butoxamine - A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to c...

Butter - The fatty portion of milk, separated as a soft yellowish solid when milk or cream is churned. It is ...

Butterflies - Slender-bodies diurnal insects having large, broad wings often strikingly colored and patterned....

Butylated Hydroxyanisole - Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, ...

Butylated Hydroxytoluene - A di-tert-butyl PHENOL with antioxidant properties....

Butylene Glycols - 4-carbon straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons substituted with two hydroxyl groups. The hydroxyl gr...

Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine - A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine....

Butylscopolammonium Bromide - Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestina...

Butyrate Response Factor 1 - A ZINC FINGER MOTIF containing immediate early protein that is closely related to TRISTETRAPROLIN. I...

Butyrates - Salts and esters of butyric acid...

Butyric Acid - A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as t...

Butyric Acids - 4-carbon acids, salts, and derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID....

Butyrivibrio - A species of anaerobic bacteria, in the family Lachnospiraceae, found in RUMINANTS. It is considered...

Butyrophenones - Compounds containing phenyl-1-butanone....

Butyrylcholinesterase - An aspect of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8)....

Butyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase - A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for short-chain fatty acids. It forms a complex w...

Butyrylthiocholine - A sulfur-containing analog of butyrylcholine which is hydrolyzed by butyrylcholinesterase to butyrat...

Buxaceae - A plant family of the order Euphorbiales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are alternat...

Buxus - A plant genus of the family BUXACEAE. Members contain steroidal alkaloids....

Byssinosis - A condition of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION resulting from hypersensitive reaction to inhaled dust during the...

Byssochlamys - A genus of ascomycetous mold in the family Trichocomaceae, order EUROTIALES. Byssochlamys species ar...

Bystander Effect - The result of a positive or negative response (to drugs, for example) in one cell being passed onto ...

Byzantium - An ancient city, the site of modern Istanbul. From the 4th to 15th centuries the empire extended fro...

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