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Health Terms starting with A

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A Kinase Anchor Proteins - A structurally-diverse family of intracellular-signaling adaptor proteins that selectively tether sp...

Abattoirs - Places where animals are slaughtered and dressed for market....

Abbreviated Injury Scale - Classification system for assessing impact injury severity developed and published by the American A...

Abbreviations - Works consisting of lists of shortened forms of written words or phrases used for brevity. Acronyms ...

Abbreviations as Topic - Shortened forms of written words or phrases used for brevity....

Abdomen - That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS....

Abdomen, Acute - A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid onset. Acute abdo...

Abdominal Abscess - An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pel...

Abdominal Cavity - The region in the abdomen extending from the thoracic DIAPHRAGM to the plane of the superior pelvic ...

Abdominal Fat - Fatty tissue in the region of the ABDOMEN. It includes the ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT and the INTRA-...

Abdominal Injuries - General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity....

Abdominal Muscles - Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles...

Abdominal Pain - Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region; generally associated with funct...

Abdominal Wall - The outer margins of the ABDOMEN, extending from the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage to the PELVIS....

Abducens Nerve - The 6th cranial nerve. The abducens nerve originates in the abducens nucleus of the pons and sends m...

Abducens Nerve Diseases - Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured ...

Abducens Nerve Injury - Traumatic injury to the abducens, or sixth, cranial nerve. Injury to this nerve results in lateral r...

Abelmoschus - A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE, order Malvales, subclass Dilleniidae best known for okra....

Abelson murine leukemia virus - A replication-defective strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) capable of transfor...

Aberrometry - The use of an aberrometer to measure eye tissue imperfections or abnormalities based on the way lig...

Abetalipoproteinemia - An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal trig...

Abies - A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. Balm o...

Ablation Techniques - Removal of tissue by vaporization, abrasion, or destruction. Methods used include heating tissue by ...

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced - Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the m...

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced - Congenital changes in the morphology of organs produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radi...

Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid - Marked developmental anomalies of a fetus or infant....

ABO Blood-Group System - The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. ...

Abomasum - The fourth stomach of ruminating animals. It is also called the "true" stomach. It is an elongated p...

Aborted Fetus - A mammalian fetus expelled by INDUCED ABORTION or SPONTANEOUS ABORTION....

Abortifacient Agents - Chemical substances that interrupt pregnancy after implantation....

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal - Non-steroidal chemical compounds with abortifacient activity....

Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal - Steroidal compounds with abortifacient activity....

Abortion Applicants - Individuals requesting induced abortions....

Abortion, Criminal - Illegal termination of pregnancy....

Abortion, Eugenic - Abortion performed because of possible fetal defects....

Abortion, Habitual - Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions....

Abortion, Incomplete - Premature loss of PREGNANCY in which not all the products of CONCEPTION have been expelled....

Abortion, Induced - Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)...

Abortion, Legal - Termination of pregnancy under conditions allowed under local laws. (POPLINE Thesaurus, 1991)...

Abortion, Missed - The retention in the UTERUS of a dead FETUS two months or more after its DEATH....

Abortion, Septic - Any type of abortion, induced or spontaneous, that is associated with infection of the UTERUS and it...

Abortion, Spontaneous - Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without delibe...

Abortion, Therapeutic - Abortion induced to save the life or health of a pregnant woman. (From Dorland, 28th ed)...

Abortion, Threatened - UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is chara...

Abortion, Veterinary - Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals....

Abreaction - A process in psychotherapy in which the patient is "desensitized" to emotionally painful, often forg...

Abrin - A toxic lectin from the seeds of jequirity, Abrus precatorius L. Very active poison. Five different ...

Abruptio Placentae - Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of ...

Abrus - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain ABRIN....

Abscess - Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated wi...

Abscisic Acid - Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore,...

Absenteeism - Chronic absence from work or other duty....

Absidia - A genus of zygomycetous fungi, family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, which sometimes causes infection ...

Absinthe - An extract of absinthium and other bitter herbs, containing 60% alcohol. Prolonged ingestion causes ...

Absorbable Implants - Implants constructed of materials designed to be absorbed by the body without producing an immune re...

Absorbent Pads - Pads made of various materials used for personal hygiene usually for absorbing URINE or FECES. They ...

Absorptiometry, Photon - A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of ...

Absorption - The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in...

Abstracting and Indexing as Topic - Activities performed to identify concepts and aspects of published information and research reports....

Abstracts - Works consisting of lists of publications on a subject and that provide full annotated bibliographic...

Acacia - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The gums and tanning agents obtained from Acacia are called GU...

Academic Dissertations - Works consisting of formal presentations made usually to fulfill requirements for an academic degree...

Academic Medical Centers - Medical complexes consisting of medical school, hospitals, clinics, libraries, administrative facili...

Academies and Institutes - Organizations representing specialized fields which are accepted as authoritative; may be non-govern...

Acalculous Cholecystitis - Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall in the absence of GALLSTONES....

Acanthaceae - A plant family of the order Scrophulariales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. It is charact...

Acanthamoeba - A genus of free-living soil amoebae that produces no flagellate stage. Its organisms are pathogens f...

Acanthamoeba castellanii - A species of free-living soil amoebae in the family Acanthamoebidae. It can cause ENCEPHALITIS and K...

Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Infection of the cornea by an ameboid protozoan which may cause corneal ulceration leading to blindn...

Acanthocephala - A phylum of parasitic worms, closely related to tapeworms and containing two genera: Moniliformis, w...

Acanthocytes - Erythrocytes with protoplasmic projections giving the cell a thorny appearance....

Acantholysis - Separation of the prickle cells of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, resulting in atrophy of th...

Acanthoma - A neoplasm composed of squamous or epidermal cells....

Acanthopanax - A plant genus of the family ARALIACEAE. Ciwujia extract, which is prepared from plants of this genus...

Acanthopodina - A suborder of ameboid protozoa. Characteristics include subpseudopodia that are more or less finely ...

Acanthosis Nigricans - A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosi...

Acarbose - An inhibitor of alpha glucosidase that retards the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the ...

Acari - A large, subclass of arachnids comprising the MITES and TICKS, including parasites of plants, animal...

Acaricides - A pesticide or chemical agent that kills mites and ticks. This is a large class that includes carbam...

Acaridae - Family of MITES, in the superfamily Acaroidea, order Astigmata. They are frequently found in cereal-...

Acatalasia - A rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from the absence of CATALASE activity. Though usually ...

Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm - A type of automatic, not reentrant, ectopic ventricular rhythm with episodes lasting from a few seco...

Acceleration - An increase in the rate of speed....

Access to Information - Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others....

Accessory Nerve - The 11th cranial nerve. The accessory nerve originates from neurons in the medulla and in the cervic...

Accessory Nerve Diseases - Diseases of the eleventh cranial (spinal accessory) nerve. This nerve originates from motor neurons ...

Accident Prevention - Efforts and designs to reduce the incidence of unexpected undesirable events in various environments...

Accident Proneness - Tendency toward involvement in accidents. Implies certain personality characteristics which predispo...

Accidental Falls - Falls due to slipping or tripping which result in injury....

Accidents, Occupational - Unforeseen occurrences, especially of an injurious character due to factors involving one's employme...

Accidents, Traffic - Accidents on streets, roads, and highways involving drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or vehicles. T...

Acclimatization - Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old....

Accommodation, Ocular - The dioptric adjustment of the EYE (to attain maximal sharpness of retinal imagery for an object of ...

Account Books - Books in which personal or commercial accounts of financial transactions are recorded. (From Random ...

Accounting - System of recording financial transactions....

Accounts Payable and Receivable - Short-term debt obligations and assets occurring in the regular course of operational transactions....

Accreditation - Certification as complying with a standard set by non-governmental organizations, applied for by ins...

Acculturation - Process of cultural change in which one group or members of a group assimilate various cultural patt...

Acebutolol - A cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug...

Acecainide - A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney ...

Acedapsone - Acetylated sulfone that is slowly metabolized to give long-term, low blood levels of DAPSONE. It has...

Acenaphthenes - Tricyclic ethylene-bridged naphthalene derivatives. They are found in petroleum residues and coal ta...

Acenocoumarol - A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. ...

Acepromazine - A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES....

Acer - A plant genus of the family ACERACEAE, best known for trees with palmately lobed leaves....

Aceraceae - A plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are opposite a...

Acetabularia - A genus of green algae found in the Mediterranean and other warm seas....

Acetaldehyde - A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is a...

Acetamides - Derivatives of acetamide that are used as solvents, as mild irritants, and in organic synthesis....

Acetaminophen - Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is use...

Acetanilides - Compounds based on N-phenylacetamide, that are similar in structure to 2-PHENYLACETAMIDES. They are ...

Acetate Kinase - An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of acetate in the presence of a divalent cat...

Acetate-CoA Ligase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CoA derivatives from ATP, acetate, and CoA to form AMP, py...

Acetates - Salts or esters of acetic acid in which the terminal hydrogen atom is replaced by a metal, for insta...

Acetazolamide - One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is...

Acetic Acid - Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally,...

Acetic Acids - Acetic acid and its derivatives which may be formed by substitution reactions. Mono- and di-substitu...

Acetic Anhydrides - Compounds used extensively as acetylation, oxidation and dehydrating agents and in the modification ...

Acetoacetates - Salts and derivatives of acetoacetic acid....

Acetobacter - A species of gram-negative bacteria of the family ACETOBACTERACEAE found in FLOWERS and FRUIT. Cells...

Acetobacteraceae - A family of gram-negative aerobic bacteria consisting of ellipsoidal to rod-shaped cells that occur ...

Acetobacterium - A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Eubacteriaceae. Species are homoacetogenic, having t...

Acetogenins - Polyketides of up to a few dozen carbons in length, formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATE...

Acetohexamide - A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide....

Acetoin - A product of fermentation. It is a component of the butanediol cycle in microorganisms. In mammals i...

Acetoin Dehydrogenase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetoin to diacetyl in the presence of NAD. EC 1.1.1.5....

Acetolactate Synthase - A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from 2 moles of PYRUVATE in the b...

Acetone - A colorless liquid used as a solvent and an antiseptic. It is one of the ketone bodies produced dur...

Acetonitriles - Compounds in which a methyl group is attached to the cyano moiety....

Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene - An alkylating agent that forms DNA ADDUCTS at the C-8 position in GUANINE, resulting in single stran...

Acetrizoic Acid - An iodinated radiographic contrast medium used as acetrizoate sodium in HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY....

Acetyl Coenzyme A - Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty ac...

Acetylation - Formation of an acetyl derivative. (Stedman, 25th ed)...

Acetylcarnitine - An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mamma...

Acetylcholine - A neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions...

Acetylcholinesterase - An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ACETYLCHOLINE to CHOLINE and acetate. In the CNS, this en...

Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of ACETYL COA. Some enz...

Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase - Enzyme that catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which ACETYL COA is released and the...

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase - A carboxylating enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and HCO3- to ADP, orthophos...

Acetyl-CoA Hydrolase - An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA to yield CoA and acetate. The enzym...

Acetylcysteine - The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of muc...

Acetyldigitoxins - Cardioactive derivatives of lanatoside A or of DIGITOXIN. They are used for fast digitalization in c...

Acetyldigoxins - Alpha- or beta-acetyl derivatives of DIGOXIN or lanatoside C from Digitalis lanata. They are better ...

Acetylesterase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate esters and water to alcohols and acetate. EC 3.1....

Acetylgalactosamine - The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine....

Acetylglucosamine - The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine....

Acetylglucosaminidase - A beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 2-acetamido-2-...

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine - Peptidoglycan immunoadjuvant originally isolated from bacterial cell wall fragments; also acts as py...

Acetylserotonin O-Methyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N-acetylseroton...

Acetylthiocholine - An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme ...

Acetyltransferases - Enzymes catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl group, usually from acetyl coenzyme A, to another compo...

Achievement - Success in bringing an effort to the desired end; the degree or level of success attained in some sp...

Achillea - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that has long been used in folk medicine for treating wounds....

Achlorhydria - A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion....

Achlya - A genus of ALGAE in the family Saprolegniaceae. They are pathogens of FISHES and INSECTS....

Acholeplasma - A genus of gram-negative organisms including saprophytic and parasitic or pathogenic species....

Acholeplasma laidlawii - An organism originally isolated from sewage, manure, humus, and soil, but recently found as a parasi...

Acholeplasmataceae - Gram-negative organisms including apparently free-living saphrophytes as well as mammalian and avian...

Achondroplasia - An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected indiv...

Achromobacter - A genus of gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore forming rods. Soil and water are regarded as t...

Achromobacter cycloclastes - A species of gram negative, aerobic, denitrifying bacteria in the genus ACHROMOBACTER....

Achromobacter denitrificans - The type species of gram negative, aerobic bacteria in the genus ACHROMOBACTER. Previously in the ge...

Achyranthes - A plant genus of the family AMARANTHACEAE, order Caryophyllales, which has been used in traditional ...

Achyrocline - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain TERPENES and achyrofuran, a prenylated diben...

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases - A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of diphosphate bonds in compounds such as nucleoside...

Acid Ceramidase - A ceramidase subtype that is active at acid pH. It plays an important role in sphingolipid degradati...

Acid Etching, Dental - Preparation of TOOTH surfaces and DENTAL MATERIALS with etching agents, usually phosphoric acid, to ...

Acid Phosphatase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and ...

Acid Rain - Acidic water usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes...

Acidaminococcaceae - A family of gram-negative bacteria, in the order Clostridiales....

Acidaminococcus - A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family ACIDAMINOCOCCACEAE, isolated from the INTESTINES of ...

Acid-Base Equilibrium - The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the a...

Acid-Base Imbalance - Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body....

Acidianus - A genus of facultatively anaerobic coccoid ARCHAEA, in the family SULFOLOBACEAE. Cells are highly ir...

Acidic Glycosphingolipids - A subclass of GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS containing large polar heads made up of several sugar units. One or...

Acidiphilium - A genus in the family ACETOBACTERACEAE consisting of chemoorganotrophic, straight rods with rounded ...

Acidithiobacillus - A genus of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria in the class GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA. They are obligately a...

Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans - A strictly autotrophic species of bacteria that oxidizes sulfur and thiosulfate to sulfuric acid. It...

Acidosis - A pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of acid or depletion of the alkaline reserve (bic...

Acidosis, Lactic - Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur...

Acidosis, Renal Tubular - A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolicall...

Acidosis, Respiratory - Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute....

Acids - Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can ...

Acids, Acyclic - Carboxylic acids that have open-chain molecular structures as opposed to ring-shaped structures....

Acids, Aldehydic - Dicarboxylic acids in which one of the carboxyl groups (-COOH) has been replaced by an aldehyde grou...

Acids, Carbocyclic - Carboxylic acids that have a homocyclic ring structure in which all the ring atoms are carbon....

Acids, Heterocyclic - A class of acids containing a ring structure in which at least one atom other than CARBON is incorpo...

Acids, Noncarboxylic - Inorganic acids with a non metal, other than carbon, attached to hydrogen, or an acid radical contai...

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride - A sodium fluoride solution, paste or powder, which has been acidulated to pH 3 to 4 and buffered wit...

Acinetobacter - A genus of gram-negative bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE, found in soil and water and of uncert...

Acinetobacter baumannii - A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria, commonly found in the clinical laboratory, and frequen...

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus - A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria found in soil and water. Although considered to be norm...

Acinetobacter Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER....

Acinonyx - A genus of long-legged, swift-moving felines (FELIDAE) from Africa (and formerly Asia) about the siz...

Acitretin - An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE w...

Aclarubicin - An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity....

Acne Keloid - A type of acneiform disorder in which secondary pyogenic infection in and around pilosebaceous struc...

Acne Vulgaris - A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It...

Acneiform Eruptions - Visible efflorescent lesions of the skin caused by acne or resembling acne. (Dorland, 28th ed, p18, ...

Aconitate Hydratase - An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of cis-aconitate to yield citrate or isocitrate. I...

Aconitine - A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM plants. It activates voltage-ga...

Aconitum - A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain a number of diterpenoid alkaloids includi...

Acoraceae - A plant family of the order Arales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida (monocot)....

Acorus - A plant genus of the family ACORACEAE, order Arales, subclass Arecidae most notable for Acorus calam...

Acoustic Impedance Tests - Objective tests of middle ear function based on the difficulty (impedance) or ease (admittance) of s...

Acoustic Maculae - The sensory areas on the vertical wall of the saccule and in the floor of the utricle. The hair cell...

Acoustic Stimulation - Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system....

Acoustics - The branch of physics that deals with sound and sound waves. In medicine it is often applied in proc...

Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome - Syndrome consisting of synovitis, acne, palmoplantar pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO)....

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency viru...

Acremonium - A mitosporic fungal genus with many reported ascomycetous teleomorphs. Cephalosporin antibiotics are...

Acridine Orange - A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital s...

Acridones - Compounds based on acridone, which have three linear rings, with the center ring containing a ring n...

Acriflavine - 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a l...

Acrocallosal Syndrome - A condition caused by autosomal recessive gene mutations leading to hypogenesis or absence (agenesis...

Acrocephalosyndactylia - Craniostenosis characterized by acrocephaly and syndactyly, probably occurring as an autosomal domin...

Acrodermatitis - Inflammation involving the skin of the extremities, especially the hands and feet. Several forms are...

Acrodynia - A condition seen primarily in childhood, most often resulting from chronic exposure to MERCURY COMPO...

Acromegaly - A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characte...

Acromioclavicular Joint - The gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the CLAVICLE and the inner margin of the acromion...

Acromion - The lateral extension of the spine of the SCAPULA and the highest point of the SHOULDER....

Acronine - A pyrano-acridone alkaloid found in RUTACEAE plants....

Acro-Osteolysis - A condition with congenital and acquired forms causing recurrent ulcers in the fingers and toes. The...

Acrosin - A trypsin-like enzyme of spermatozoa which is not inhibited by alpha 1 antitrypsin....

Acrosome - The cap-like structure covering the anterior portion of SPERM HEAD. Acrosome, derived from LYSOSOMES...

Acrosome Reaction - Changes that occur to liberate the enzymes of the ACROSOME of a sperm (SPERMATOZOA). Acrosome reacti...

Acrospiroma - A rare cutaneous tumor of eccrine sweat gland origin. It is most commonly found on the extremities a...

Acrylamide - A colorless, odorless, highly water soluble vinyl monomer formed from the hydration of acrylonitrile...

Acrylamides - Colorless, odorless crystals that are used extensively in research laboratories for the preparation ...

Acrylonitrile - A highly poisonous compound used widely in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives and synthetic rubb...

Actaea - A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Cycloartanes have been found in the rhizomes....

ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic - Symptom complex due to ACTH production by non-pituitary neoplasms....

ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma - A pituitary adenoma which secretes ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN, leading to CUSHING DISEASE....

Actigraphy - The measurement and recording of MOTOR ACTIVITY to assess rest/activity cycles....

Actihaemyl - An extract from calf blood containing inorganic salts, amino acids, polypeptides and purines, but no...

Actin Capping Proteins - Actin capping proteins are cytoskeletal proteins that bind to the ends of ACTIN FILAMENTS to regulat...

Actin Depolymerizing Factors - A family of low MOLECULAR WEIGHT actin-binding proteins found throughout eukaryotes. They remodel th...

Acting Out - Expressing unconscious emotional conflicts or feelings, often of hostility or love, through overt be...

Actinidia - A plant species of the family ACTINIDIACEAE, order Theales....

Actinidiaceae - A plant family of the order Theales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is best known for...

Actinin - A protein factor that regulates the length of R-actin. It is chemically similar, but immunochemicall...

Actinium - Actinium. A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has...

Actinobacillosis - A disease characterized by suppurative and granulomatous lesions in the respiratory tract, upper ali...

Actinobacillus - A genus of PASTEURELLACEAE described as gram-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, facultative anaer...

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans - A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic spherical or rod-shaped bacteria that associates...

Actinobacillus equuli - A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ACTINOBACILLUS, which is pathogenic for HORSES and PI...

Actinobacillus Infections - Infections with bacteria of the genus ACTINOBACILLUS....

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae - A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus-shaped bacteria that has been isol...

Actinobacillus seminis - A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ACTINOBACILLUS, which causes EPIDIDYMITIS in SHEEP....

Actinobacillus suis - A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ACTINOBACILLUS. It is mainly a pathogen of PIGS, bu...

Actinobacteria - Class of BACTERIA with diverse morphological properties. Strains of Actinobacteria show greater than...

Actinoid Series Elements - A series of radioactive elements from ACTINIUM, atomic number 89, to and including LAWRENCIUM, atomi...

Actinomyces - A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms are nonmotile. Filaments that may be p...

Actinomyces viscosus - A species of ACTINOMYCES found in the oral cavity of man and hamsters. It has been isolated from act...

Actinomycetaceae - A family of bacteria including numerous parasitic and pathogenic forms....

Actinomycetales - An order of gram-positive, primarily aerobic BACTERIA that tend to form branching filaments....

Actinomycetales Infections - Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES....

Actinomycosis - Infections with bacteria of the genus ACTINOMYCES....

Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial - A form of ACTINOMYCOSIS characterized by slow-growing inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes that d...

Actin-Related Protein 2 - A PROFILIN binding domain protein that is part of the Arp2-3 complex. It is related in sequence and ...

Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex - A complex of seven proteins including ARP2 PROTEIN and ARP3 PROTEIN that plays an essential role in ...

Actin-Related Protein 3 - A component of the Arp2-3 complex that is related in sequence and structure to ACTIN and that binds ...

Actins - Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filam...

Action Potentials - Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in re...

Activated Protein C Resistance - A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). T...

Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule - Cell adhesion molecule expressed on activated leukocytes, fibroblasts, and neurons. It is a ligand f...

Activating Transcription Factor 1 - An activating transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of genes including C-JUN G...

Activating Transcription Factor 2 - An activating transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of GENES including C-JUN G...

Activating Transcription Factor 3 - An activating transcription factor that plays a key role in cellular responses to GENOTOXIC STRESS a...

Activating Transcription Factor 4 - An activating transcription factor that regulates the expression of a variety of GENES involved in a...

Activating Transcription Factor 6 - One of the BASIC-LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that is synthesized as a membrane-bound protei...

Activating Transcription Factors - Activating transcription factors were originally identified as DNA-BINDING PROTEINS that interact wi...

Activation Analysis - A method of chemical analysis based on the detection of characteristic radionuclides following a nuc...

Activator Appliances - Loose-fitting removable orthodontic appliances which redirect the pressures of the facial and mastic...

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus - Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE....

Activin Receptors - Receptors for ACTIVINS are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREON...

Activin Receptors, Type I - One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALK'S). There are severa...

Activin Receptors, Type II - One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS. They are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family...

Activins - Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate...

Activities of Daily Living - The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, or eating....

Activity Cycles - Bouts of physical irritability or movement alternating with periods of quiescence. It includes bioch...

Actomyosin - A protein complex of actin and MYOSINS occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substanc...

Actuarial Analysis - The application of probability and statistical methods to calculate the risk of occurrence of any ev...

Acupressure - A type of massage in which finger pressure on specific body sites is used to promote healing, reliev...

Acupuncture - The occupational discipline of the traditional Chinese methods of ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY for treating d...

Acupuncture Analgesia - Analgesia produced by the insertion of ACUPUNCTURE needles at certain ACUPUNCTURE POINTS on the body...

Acupuncture Points - Designated locations along nerves or organ meridians for inserting acupuncture needles....

Acupuncture Therapy - Treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. The placement varies...

Acupuncture, Ear - Acupuncture therapy by inserting needles in the ear. It is used to control pain and for treating var...

Acute Chest Syndrome - Respiratory syndrome characterized by the appearance of a new pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray, a...

Acute Coronary Syndrome - An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode but t...

Acute Disease - Disease having a short and relatively severe course....

Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis - A rare skin eruption that is characterized by acute, extensive formation of sterile pustules, fever,...

Acute Lung Injury - A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA...

Acute Radiation Syndrome - A condition caused by a brief whole body exposure to more than one sievert dose equivalent of radiat...

Acute Toxicity Tests - Experiments designed to determine the potential toxic effects of one-time, short-term exposure to a ...

Acute-Phase Proteins - Proteins that are secreted into the blood in increased or decreased quantities by hepatocytes in res...

Acute-Phase Reaction - An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in infl...

Acyclovir - A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especia...

Acyl Carrier Protein - Consists of a polypeptide chain and 4'-phosphopantetheine linked to a serine residue by a phosphodie...

Acyl Coenzyme A - S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxida...

Acylation - The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule....

Acyl-Butyrolactones - Cyclic esters of acylated BUTYRIC ACID containing four carbons in the ring....

Acyl-Carrier Protein S-Acetyltransferase - A enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL CoA to acyl-carrier protein to for...

Acyl-Carrier Protein S-Malonyltransferase - This enzyme catalyzes the transacylation of malonate from MALONYL CoA to activated holo-ACP, to gene...

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase - A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for medium-chain fatty acids. It forms a complex ...

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain - A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for long-chain fatty acids. It forms a complex wi...

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases - Enzymes that catalyze the first step in the beta-oxidation of FATTY ACIDS....

Acyl-CoA Oxidase - An enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-determining steps of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty...

Acyltransferases - Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor,...

ADAM Proteins - A family of membrane-anchored glycoproteins that contain a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain. T...

Adamantane - A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon....

Adamantinoma - A locally aggressive, osteolytic neoplasm of the long bones, probably of epithelial origin and most ...

Adams-Stokes Syndrome - A condition of fainting spells caused by heart block, often an atrioventricular block, that leads to...

Adansonia - A plant genus of the family BOMBACACEAE that is used for FOOD and MEDICINE, TRADITIONAL....

Adaptation, Biological - Changes in biological features that help an organism cope with its ENVIRONMENT. These changes includ...

Adaptation, Ocular - The adjustment of the eye to variations in the intensity of light. Light adaptation is the adjustmen...

Adaptation, Physiological - The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT....

Adaptation, Psychological - A state of harmony between internal needs and external demands and the processes used in achieving t...

Adaptive Immunity - Protection from an infectious disease agent that is mediated by B- and T- LYMPHOCYTES following expo...

Adaptor Protein Complex 1 - A clathrin adaptor protein complex primarily involved in clathrin-related transport at the TRANS-GOL...

Adaptor Protein Complex 2 - An adaptor protein complex primarily involved in the formation of clathrin-related endocytotic vesic...

Adaptor Protein Complex 3 - An adaptor protein complex found primarily on perinuclear compartments....

Adaptor Protein Complex 4 - An adaptor protein complex involved in transport of molecules between the TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK and th...

Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits - A family of large adaptin protein subunits of approximately 100 kDa in size. They have been primaril...

Adaptor Protein Complex beta Subunits - A family of large adaptin protein complex subunits of approximately 90-130 kDa in size....

Adaptor Protein Complex delta Subunits - A family of large adaptin protein subunits of approximately 130-kDa in size. They have been primaril...

Adaptor Protein Complex gamma Subunits - A family of large adaptin protein subunits of approximately 90 KDa in size. They have been primarily...

Adaptor Protein Complex mu Subunits - A family of medium adaptin protein subunits of approximately 45 KDa in size. They have been primaril...

Adaptor Protein Complex sigma Subunits - A family of small adaptin protein complex subunits of approximately 19 KDa in size....

Adaptor Protein Complex Subunits - The subunits that make up the large, medium and small chains of adaptor proteins....

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain...

Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport - A class of proteins involved in the transport of molecules via TRANSPORT VESICLES. They perform func...

Addison Disease - An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in ...

Addresses - Works consisting of speeches, orations, or written statements, usually formal, directed to a particu...

Adenine - A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES....

Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1 - A subtype of mitochondrial ADP, ATP translocase found primarily in heart muscle (MYOCARDIUM) and ske...

Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 2 - A subtype of mitochondrial ADP, ATP translocase found primarily in FIBROBLASTS....

Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 3 - A subtype of mitochondrial ADP, ATP translocase found primarily in the LIVER....

Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase - An enzyme catalyzing the formation of AMP from adenine and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. It can act a...

Adenocarcinoma - A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization....

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar - A carcinoma thought to be derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic t...

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell - An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped ...

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular - An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (F...

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous - An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)...

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary - An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplast...

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous - An adenocarcinoma with a hard (Greek skirrhos, hard) structure owing to the formation of dense conne...

Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous - A malignant tumor composed of cells showing differentiation toward sebaceous epithelium. The tumor i...

Adenofibroma - A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of g...

Adenoidectomy - Excision of the adenoids. (Dorland, 28th ed)...

Adenoids - A collection of lymphoid nodules on the posterior wall and roof of the NASOPHARYNX....

Adenolymphoma - A benign tumor characterized histologically by tall columnar epithelium within a lymphoid tissue str...

Adenoma - A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization....

Adenoma, Acidophil - A benign tumor, usually found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, whose cells stain with ac...

Adenoma, Basophil - A small tumor of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland whose cells stain with basic dyes. It may ...

Adenoma, Bile Duct - A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts....

Adenoma, Chromophobe - A benign tumor of the anterior pituitary in which the cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes....

Adenoma, Islet Cell - A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC B...

Adenoma, Liver Cell - A benign epithelial tumor of the LIVER....

Adenoma, Oxyphilic - A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei ...

Adenoma, Pleomorphic - A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, f...

Adenoma, Sweat Gland - A benign neoplasm derived from epithelial cells of sweat glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)...

Adenoma, Villous - An adenoma of the large intestine. It is usually a solitary, sessile, often large, tumor of colonic ...

Adenomatoid Tumor - A small, circumscribed, benign tumor of the genital tract, composed of small glandlike spaces lined ...

Adenomatosis, Pulmonary - A neoplastic disease in which the alveoli and distal bronchi are filled with mucus and mucus-secreti...

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli - A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSO...

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein - A negative regulator of beta-catenin signaling which is mutant in ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI and GAR...

Adenomatous Polyps - Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)...

Adenomyoepithelioma - A mixed epithelial and myoepithelial neoplasm usually encountered within the breast. It is a multino...

Adenomyoma - A benign neoplasm of muscle (usually smooth muscle) with glandular elements. It occurs most frequent...

Adenophorea - A subclass of nematodes characterized by reduced or absent caudal papillae and an excretory system l...

Adenophorea Infections - Infections with nematodes of the subclass ADENOPHOREA....

Adenosarcoma - A malignant neoplasm arising simultaneously or consecutively in mesodermal tissue and glandular epit...

Adenosine - A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many ...

Adenosine Deaminase - An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of adenosine to inosine with the elimination of ammonia. Sin...

Adenosine Diphosphate - Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esteri...

Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose - Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylop...

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose - An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHO...

Adenosine Diphosphate Sugars - Esters formed between the aldehydic carbon of sugars and the terminal phosphate of adenosine diphosp...

Adenosine Kinase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a sa...

Adenosine Monophosphate - Adenylic acid. Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in t...

Adenosine Phosphosulfate - 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid. The initial compound formed by the action of ATP...

Adenosine Triphosphatases - A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled ...

Adenosine Triphosphate - An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition ...

Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) - A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodies...

Adenosylhomocysteinase - An enzyme which catalyzes the catabolism of S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE to ADENOSINE and HOMOCYSTEINE. It...

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase - An enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to yield 5'-deoxy-(5'-),3-am...

Adenoviridae - A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or bo...

Adenoviridae Infections - Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE....

Adenovirus E1 Proteins - The very first viral gene products synthesized after cells are infected with adenovirus. The E1 regi...

Adenovirus E1A Proteins - Proteins transcribed from the E1A genome region of ADENOVIRUSES which are involved in positive regul...

Adenovirus E1B Proteins - Proteins transcribed from the E1B region of ADENOVIRUSES which are involved in regulation of the lev...

Adenovirus E2 Proteins - Proteins transcribed from the E2 region of ADENOVIRUSES. Several of these are required for viral DNA...

Adenovirus E3 Proteins - Proteins transcribed from the E3 region of ADENOVIRUSES but not essential for viral replication. The...

Adenovirus E4 Proteins - Proteins transcribed from the E4 region of ADENOVIRUSES. The E4 19K protein transactivates transcrip...

Adenovirus Early Proteins - Proteins encoded by adenoviruses that are synthesized prior to, and in the absence of, viral DNA rep...

Adenovirus Infections, Human - Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses....

Adenoviruses, Canine - Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS that causes fever, edema, vomiting, and diarrhea in dogs and enc...

Adenoviruses, Human - Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing a wide range of diseases in humans. Infections are most...

Adenoviruses, Porcine - Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing neurological disease in pigs....

Adenoviruses, Simian - Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS associated with respiratory and enteric infections in primate ho...

Adenylate Cyclase - An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. ...

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin - One of the virulence factors produced by virulent BORDETELLA organisms. It is a bifunctional protein...

Adenylate Kinase - An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of AMP to ADP in the presence of ATP or inorganic triph...

Adenylosuccinate Lyase - An enzyme that, in the course of purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, catalyzes the conversion of 5'-...

Adenylosuccinate Synthase - A carbon-nitrogen ligase. During purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, this enzyme catalyzes the synth...

Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate - 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen a...

Adhatoda - A plant genus in the family ACANTHACEAE. Adhatoda vasica Nees is a source of vasicine....

Adherens Junctions - Anchoring points where the CYTOSKELETON of neighboring cells are connected to each other. They are c...

Adhesins, Bacterial - Cell-surface components or appendages of bacteria that facilitate adhesion (BACTERIAL ADHESION) to o...

Adhesins, Escherichia coli - Thin, filamentous protein structures, including proteinaceous capsular antigens (fimbrial antigens),...

Adhesiveness - A property of the surface of an object that makes it stick to another surface....

Adhesives - Substances that cause the adherence of two surfaces. They include glues (properly collagen-derived a...

Adiantum - A plant genus of the family Pteridaceae. Members contain TRITERPENES. Some species in this genus are...

Adie Syndrome - A syndrome characterized by a TONIC PUPIL that occurs in combination with decreased lower extremity ...

Adipic Acids - A group of dicarboxylic acids that are structurally related to hexanedioic acid (adipic acid). (From...

Adipocytes - Cells in the body that store FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. WHITE ADIPOCYTES are the pr...

Adipocytes, Brown - Fat cells with dark coloration due to the densely packed MITOCHONDRIA. They contain numerous small l...

Adipocytes, White - Fat cells with light coloration and few MITOCHONDRIA. They contain a scant ring of CYTOPLASM surroun...

Adipogenesis - The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature ADIPOCYTES....

Adipokines - Polypeptides produced by the ADIPOCYTES. They include LEPTIN; ADIPONECTIN; RESISTIN; and many cytoki...

Adiponectin - A 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the...

Adipose Tissue - Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usu...

Adipose Tissue, Brown - A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many s...

Adipose Tissue, White - Fatty tissue composed of WHITE ADIPOCYTES and generally found directly under the skin (SUBCUTANEOUS ...

Adiposis Dolorosa - A rare disease characterized by multiple tumor-like fatty deposits that press on nerves in various s...

Adiposity - The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ in the body, an indicator of body fat statu...

Adjustment Disorders - Maladaptive reactions to identifiable psychosocial stressors occurring within a short time after ons...

Adjuvants, Anesthesia - Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve deli...

Adjuvants, Immunologic - Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either ...

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic - Agents that aid or increase the action of the principle drug (DRUG SYNERGISM) or that affect the abs...

Administration, Buccal - Administration of a soluble dosage form between the cheek and gingiva. It may involve direct applica...

Administration, Cutaneous - The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects....

Administration, Inhalation - The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory ...

Administration, Intranasal - The administration of drugs through the nasal passage....

Administration, Intravaginal - The insertion of drugs into the vagina to treat local infections, neoplasms, or to induce labor. The...

Administration, Intravesical - The instillation or other administration of drugs into the bladder, usually to treat local disease, ...

Administration, Oral - The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth....

Administration, Rectal - The insertion of drugs into the rectum, usually for confused or incompetent patients, like children,...

Administration, Sublingual - Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue....

Administration, Topical - The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATIO...

Administrative Personnel - Individuals responsible for the development of policy and supervision of the execution of plans and ...

Admitting Department, Hospital - Hospital department responsible for the flow of patients and the processing of admissions, discharge...

Adnexa Uteri - Appendages of the UTERUS which include the FALLOPIAN TUBES, the OVARY, and the supporting ligaments ...

Adnexal Diseases - Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOP...

Adolescent - A person 13 to 18 years of age....

Adolescent Behavior - Any observable response or action of an adolescent....

Adolescent Development - The continuous sequential physiological and psychological changes during ADOLESCENCE, approximately ...

Adolescent Health Services - Organized services to provide health care to adolescents, ages ranging from 13 through 18 years....

Adolescent Medicine - A branch of medicine pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases occurring during the peri...

Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - Nutritional physiology of children aged 13-18 years....

Adolescent Psychiatry - The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disor...

Adolescent Psychology - Field of psychology concerned with the normal and abnormal behavior of adolescents. It includes ment...

Adolescent, Hospitalized - Adolescent hospitalized for short term care....

Adolescent, Institutionalized - An adolescent who is receiving long-term in-patient services or who resides in an institutional sett...

Adonis - A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain cardenolide oligoglycosides such as adoni...

Adoption - Voluntary acceptance of a child of other parents to be as one's own child, usually with legal confir...

Adoptive Transfer - Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are tra...

Adosterol - A sterol usually substituted with radioactive iodine. It is an adrenal cortex scanning agent with de...

Adoxaceae - A plant family of the order Dipsacales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. Members of this fam...

ADP Ribose Transferases - Enzymes that transfer the ADP-RIBOSE group of NAD or NADP to proteins or other small molecules. Tran...

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase - A membrane-bound or cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from ...

ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 - ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1 is involved in regulating intracellular transport by modulating the intera...

ADP-Ribosylation Factors - MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that were initially recognized as allosteric activators of the MONO(A...

Adrenal Cortex - The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is derived from MESODERM and comprised of three zones (oute...

Adrenal Cortex Diseases - Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX....

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms - Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX....

Adrenal Gland Diseases - Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS....

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the ADRENAL GLANDS....

Adrenal Glands - A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is compo...

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital - A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of c...

Adrenal Insufficiency - Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the bod...

Adrenal Medulla - The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CH...

Adrenal Rest Tumor - Neoplasm derived from displaced cells (rest cells) of the primordial ADRENAL GLANDS, generally in pa...

Adrenalectomy - Excision of one or both adrenal glands. (From Dorland, 28th ed)...

Adrenarche - A stage of development at which the ADRENAL GLANDS undergo maturation leading to the capability of p...

Adrenergic Agents - Drugs that act on adrenergic receptors or affect the life cycle of adrenergic transmitters. Included...

Adrenergic Agonists - Drugs that bind to and activate adrenergic receptors....

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists - Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors....

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists - Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of en...

Adrenergic Antagonists - Drugs that bind to but do not activate ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. Adrenergic antagonists block the action...

Adrenergic beta-Agonists - Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors....

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of bet...

Adrenergic Fibers - Nerve fibers liberating catecholamines at a synapse after an impulse....

Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors - Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicl...

Adrenochrome - Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine....

Adrenocortical Adenoma - A benign neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is characterized by a well-defined nodular lesion, usual...

Adrenocortical Carcinoma - A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic ...

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction - Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTE...

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROI...

Adrenodoxin - An iron-sulfur protein which serves as an electron carrier in enzymatic steroid hydroxylation reacti...

Adrenogenital Syndrome - Abnormal SEX DIFFERENTIATION caused by disorders of the GONADS or the ADRENAL GLANDS, such as CONGEN...

Adrenoleukodystrophy - An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty ...

Adrenomedullin - A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and A...

Adsorption - The condensation of gases, liquids, or dissolved substances on the surfaces of solids. It includes a...

Adult - A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age....

Adult Children - Children who have reached maturity or the legal age of majority....

Adult Stem Cells - Cells with high proliferative and self renewal capacities derived from adults....

Adult Survivors of Child Abuse - Persons who were child victims of violence and abuse including physical, sexual, or emotional maltre...

Advance Care Planning - Discussions with patients and/or their representatives about the goals and desired direction of the ...

Advance Directive Adherence - Compliance by health personnel or proxies with the stipulations of ADVANCE DIRECTIVES (or similar di...

Advance Directives - Declarations by patients, made in advance of a situation in which they may be incompetent to decide ...

Advanced Cardiac Life Support - The use of sophisticated methods and equipment to treat cardiopulmonary arrest. Advanced Cardiac Lif...

Advanced Practice Nursing - Evidence-based nursing, midwifery and healthcare grounded in research and scholarship. Practitioners...

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems - Systems developed for collecting reports from government agencies, manufacturers, hospitals, physici...

Advertisements - Works consisting of publicly distributed notices, usually as paid announcements in mass media such a...

Advertising as Topic - The act or practice of calling public attention to a product, service, need, etc., especially by pai...

Advisory Committees - Groups set up to advise governmental bodies, societies, or other institutions on policy. (Bioethics ...

Aedes - A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER...

Aegle - A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE....

Aequorin - A photoprotein isolated from the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea. It emits visible light by an int...

Aerobiosis - Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen....

Aerococcaceae - A family of gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria in the order LACTOBACILLALES....

Aerococcus - A genus of gram-positive cocci in the family AEROCOCCACEAE, occurring as airborne saprophytes....

Aeromonadaceae - A family of gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacteria, ubiquitous in fresh and brackish water, ...

Aeromonas - A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs singly, in pairs,...

Aeromonas hydrophila - A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that may be pathogenic for ...

Aeromonas salmonicida - A species of gram-negative bacteria, in the family Aeromonadaceae. It is strictly parasitic and ofte...

Aerophagy - Spasmodic swallowing of air....

Aeropyrum - A genus of anaerobic, chemolithotropic coccoid ARCHAEA, in the family DESULFUROCOCCACEAE. They live ...

Aerosol Propellants - Compressed gases or vapors in a container which, upon release of pressure and expansion through a va...

Aerosols - Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; u...

Aerospace Medicine - A specialty which is concerned with the health and medical problems of man in AVIATION (aviation med...

Aesculus - A plant genus of the family HIPPOCASTANACEAE (or SAPINDACEAE by some) that contains antimicrobial pr...

Affect - The feeling-tone accompaniment of an idea or mental representation. It is the most direct psychic de...

Affective Disorders, Psychotic - Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elati...

Affective Symptoms - Mood or emotional responses dissonant with or inappropriate to the behavior and/or stimulus....

Afferent Loop Syndrome - A complication of gastrojejunostomy (BILLROTH II PROCEDURE), a reconstructive GASTROENTEROSTOMY. It ...

Afferent Pathways - Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center....

Affinity Labels - Analogs of those substrates or compounds which bind naturally at the active sites of proteins, enzym...

Afghan Campaign 2001- - Multinational coalition military operation initiated in October 2001 to counter terrorism and bring ...

Afibrinogenemia - A deficiency or absence of fibrinogen (coagulation factor I) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Afipia - A genus of gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative rods which are motile by means of a sing...

Aflatoxin B1 - A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fu...

Aflatoxin M1 - A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. I...

Aflatoxins - Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structura...

Africa South of the Sahara - All of Africa except Northern Africa (AFRICA, NORTHERN)....

Africa, Central - The geographical area of Africa comprising CAMEROON; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC; CHAD; CONGO; EQUATORI...

Africa, Eastern - The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDA...

Africa, Northern - The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO; and TUNISIA. It includes ...

Africa, Southern - The geographical area of Africa comprising ANGOLA; BOTSWANA; LESOTHO; MALAWI; MOZAMBIQUE; NAMIBIA; S...

Africa, Western - The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA...

African Americans - Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa....

African Continental Ancestry Group - Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa....

African Horse Sickness - An insect-borne reovirus infection of horses, mules and donkeys in Africa and the Middle East; chara...

African horse sickness virus - A species of ORBIVIRUS that causes disease in horses, mules, and donkeys. Via its principal vector C...

African Swine Fever - A sometimes fatal ASFIVIRUS infection of pigs, characterized by fever, cough, diarrhea, hemorrhagic ...

African Swine Fever Virus - The lone species of the genus Asfivirus. It infects domestic and wild pigs, warthogs, and bushpigs. ...

Aftercare - The care and treatment of a convalescent patient, especially that of a patient after surgery....

After-Hours Care - Medical care provided after the regular practice schedule of the physicians. Usually it is designed ...

Afterimage - Continuation of visual impression after cessation of stimuli causing the original image....

Agammaglobulinemia - An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of ...

AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis - A plant homeotic protein involved in the development of stamens and carpels of Arabidopsis thaliana....

Agapornis - A genus comprised of nine species of small PARROTS from Africa. They are noted for showing affection...

Agar - A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria con...

Agaricales - An extensive order of basidiomycetous fungi whose fruiting bodies are commonly called mushrooms....

Agaricus - A basidiomycetous fungal genus of the family Agaricaceae, order Agaricales, which includes the field...

Agastache - A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that contains tilianin, agastanol, and agastaquinone (a cytoto...

Agavaceae - A plant family of the order Liliales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida. Members of the family hav...

Agave - A genus known for fibers obtained from their leaves: sisal from A. sisalana, henequen from A. fourcr...

Age Distribution - The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to e...

Age Factors - Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be appl...

Age Groups - Persons classified by age from birth (INFANT, NEWBORN) to octogenarians and older (AGED, 80 AND OVER...

Age of Onset - The age or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease ...

Aged - A person 65 through 79 years of age. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is availabl...

Aged, 80 and over - A person 80 years of age and older....

Agelas - A genus of large, brightly colored SPONGES in the family Agelasidae, possessing a skeleton of spongi...

Ageratina - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common name of snakeroot is also used for POLYGALA; SANI...

Ageratum - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that contains PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS. Yellow vein disease of...

Ageusia - Complete or severe loss of the subjective sense of taste, frequently accompanied by OLFACTION DISORD...

Agglutination - The clumping together of suspended material resulting from the action of AGGLUTININS....

Agglutination Tests - Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with spec...

Agglutinins - Substances, usually of biological origin, that cause cells or other organic particles to aggregate a...

Aggrecans - Large HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). They ...

Aggression - A form of behavior which leads to self-assertion; it may arise from innate drives and/or a response ...

Aggressive Periodontitis - Inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destru...

Aging - The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of ...

Aging, Premature - Changes in the organism associated with senescence, occurring at an accelerated rate....

Agkistrodon - A genus of venomous snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae. Twelve species of this genus are found in No...

Aglaia - A plant genus of the family MELIACEAE. Members contain lariciresinol, pregnanes, insecticidal rocagl...

Agmatine - Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herrin...

Agnosia - Loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning or recognize the importance of various forms of stimul...

Agonistic Behavior - Any behavior associated with conflict between two individuals....

Agoraphobia - Obsessive, persistent, intense fear of open places....

Agouti Signaling Protein - A secreted protein of approximately 131 amino acids (depending on species) that regulates the synthe...

Agouti-Related Protein - A secreted protein of approximately 131 amino acids that is related to AGOUTI SIGNALING PROTEIN and ...

Agranulocytosis - A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS)....

Agraphia - Loss or impairment of the ability to write (letters, syllables, words, or phrases) due to an injury ...

Agricultural Workers' Diseases - Diseases in persons engaged in cultivating and tilling soil, growing plants, harvesting crops, raisi...

Agriculture - The science of soil cultivation, crop production, and livestock raising....

Agrimonia - A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE that has been used in folk treatment of diabetes. Members conta...

Agrin - A protein component of the synaptic basal lamina. It has been shown to induce clustering of acetylch...

Agrochemicals - Chemicals used in agriculture. These include pesticides, fumigants, fertilizers, plant hormones, ste...

Agrocybe - A genus of saprobic mushrooms in the family Bolbitiaceae that grow in grass, dung, garden mulch, or ...

Agropyron - A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The common name of wheatgrass is also used for other plants in ...

Agrostemma - A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE that contains ALLANTOIN and a ribosome-inactivating prot...

Agrostis - A plant genus of the family POACEAE....

Aid to Families with Dependent Children - Financial assistance provided by the government to indigent families with dependent children who mee...

AIDS Arteritis, Central Nervous System - Inflammation of ARTERIES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that occurs in patients with ACQUIRED IMMUNOD...

AIDS Dementia Complex - A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by i...

AIDS Serodiagnosis - Immunologic tests for identification of HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) antibodies. They include assays for HIV S...

AIDS Vaccines - Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and desi...

AIDS-Associated Nephropathy - Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic syndrome...

AIDS-Related Complex - A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria sepa...

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)....

Ailanthus - A plant genus of the family SIMAROUBACEAE. Members contain ailantinols and other quassinoids....

Ailuridae - A family in the suborder Caniformia, Order CARNIVORA, comprised of one genus Ailurus, the lesser pan...

Ainhum - Spontaneous autoamputation of the fourth or fifth toe....

Air - The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxid...

Air Abrasion, Dental - A technique using a pneumatic, high-pressure stream of aluminum oxide to remove DENTAL ENAMEL; DENTI...

Air Ambulances - Fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters equipped for air transport of patients....

Air Bags - Automotive safety devices consisting of a bag designed to inflate upon collision and prevent passeng...

Air Conditioning - The maintenance of certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the funct...

Air Ionization - The dissociation of molecules in the air into positive and negative ions under the influence of an e...

Air Microbiology - The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic o...

Air Movements - The motion of air currents....

Air Pollutants - Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals,...

Air Pollutants, Occupational - Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occup...

Air Pollutants, Radioactive - Pollutants, present in air, which exhibit radioactivity....

Air Pollution - The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with...

Air Pollution, Indoor - The contamination of indoor air....

Air Pressure - The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for ar...

Air Sacs - Thin-walled sacs or spaces which function as a part of the respiratory system in birds, fishes, inse...

Aircraft - A weight-carrying structure for navigation of the air that is supported either by its own buoyancy o...

Airway Obstruction - Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs....

Airway Remodeling - The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues....

Airway Resistance - Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmon...

Aizoaceae - A plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida....

Ajmaline - An alkaloid found in the root of Rauwolfia serpentina, among other plant sources. It is a class Ia a...

Ajuga - A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that contains cyasterone, ajugasterone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, 8-...

Akathisia, Drug-Induced - A condition associated with the use of certain medications and characterized by an internal sense of...

Akinetic Mutism - A syndrome characterized by a silent and inert state without voluntary motor activity despite preser...

AKR murine leukemia virus - A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) isolated from spontaneous leukemia in AKR...

Alagille Syndrome - A multisystem disorder that is characterized by aplasia of intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTR...

Alamethicin - A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trich...

Alangiaceae - A plant family of the order Cornales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida, consisting of slow-grow...

Alanine - A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced fr...

Alanine Dehydrogenase - An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible DEAMINATION of L-ALANINE to PYRUVATE and AMMON...

Alanine Racemase - A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that reversibly catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine to D-alanine. EC...

Alanine Transaminase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate....

Alanine-tRNA Ligase - An enzyme that activates alanine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.7....

Albendazole - A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective ag...

Alberta - A province of western Canada, lying between the provinces of British Columbia and Saskatchewan. Its ...

Albinism - General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficien...

Albinism, Ocular - Albinism affecting the eye in which pigment of the hair and skin is normal or only slightly diluted....

Albinism, Oculocutaneous - Heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders comprising at least four recognized types, all ...

Albizzia - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains julibroside (triterpenoid saponins)....

Albumins - Water-soluble proteins found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. They coagula...

Albuminuria - The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES....

Albuterol - A racemic mixture with a 1:1 ratio of the r-isomer, levalbuterol, and s-albuterol. It is a short-act...

Alcaligenaceae - A family of gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming rods or cocci. Well known genera include ACHRO...

Alcaligenes - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria that occur in water and soil. Some are common inh...

Alcaligenes faecalis - The type species of gram negative bacteria in the genus ALCALIGENES, found in soil. It is non-pathog...

Alcanivoraceae - A family of halophilic bacteria in the order Oceanospirillales. Its principal carbon and energy sour...

Alchemilla - A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE. Members contain esculetin and QUERCETIN....

Alcian Blue - A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the...

Alcohol Amnestic Disorder - A mental disorder associated with chronic ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) and nutritional deficiencies ch...

Alcohol Dehydrogenase - A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presenc...

Alcohol Deterrents - Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought...

Alcohol Drinking - Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking....

Alcohol Oxidoreductases - A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as ...

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium - An acute organic mental disorder induced by cessation or reduction in chronic alcohol consumption. C...

Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures - A condition where seizures occur in association with ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) without other identi...

Alcoholic Beverages - Drinkable liquids containing ETHANOL....

Alcoholic Intoxication - An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES...

Alcoholic Neuropathy - A condition where damage to the peripheral nervous system (including the peripheral elements of the ...

Alcoholics - Persons who have a history of physical or psychological dependence on ETHANOL....

Alcoholics Anonymous - An organization of self-proclaimed alcoholics who meet frequently to reinforce their practice of abs...

Alcohol-Induced Disorders - Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol....

Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System - Acute and chronic neurologic disorders associated with the various neurologic effects of ETHANOL. Pr...

Alcoholism - A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its dev...

Alcohol-Related Disorders - Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol....

Alcohols - Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon...

Alcuronium - A non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant similar to TUBOCURARINE. It is used as an anesthesia adj...

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase - An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzy...

Aldehyde Oxidase - An aldehyde oxidoreductase expressed predominantly in the LIVER; LUNGS; and KIDNEY. It catalyzes the...

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases - Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES....

Aldehyde Reductase - An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the oxidation of an aldose to an alditol. It possesses broad spe...

Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases - Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of aldehyde or ketone residues. EC 2.2....

Aldehyde-Lyases - Enzymes that catalyze a reverse aldol condensation. A molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a car...

Aldehydes - Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO....

Aldicarb - Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide....

Aldose-Ketose Isomerases - Enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of aldoses and ketoses. EC 5.3.1....

Aldosterone - A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing ...

Aldosterone Antagonists - Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of aldosterone....

Aldosterone Synthase - A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 18-hydroxylation of steroids in the presen...

Aldrin - A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has b...

Alendronate - A nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds...

Aleurites - A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that is the source of tung oil and a phorbol diester (PHOR...

Aleutian Mink Disease - A slow progressive disease of mink caused by the ALEUTIAN MINK DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by...

Aleutian Mink Disease Virus - A species of PARVOVIRUS that causes a disease in mink, mainly those homozygous for the recessive Ale...

Alexander Disease - A rare inherited disorder of myelin formation. Alexander disease is a progressive leukoencephalopath...

Alexia, Pure - Loss of the power to comprehend written materials despite preservation of the ability to write (i.e....

Alfalfa mosaic virus - The type species of the genus ALFAMOVIRUS that is non-persistently transmitted by aphids....

Alfamovirus - A genus of the family BROMOVIRIDAE with a wide host range. Transmission is by aphids and the type sp...

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture - A 3:1 mixture of alfaxalone with alfadolone acetate that previously had been used as a general anest...

Alfentanil - A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak ana...

Algae - A major group of polyphyletic organisms of extremely varied morphology and physiology, mostly photos...

Algae, Brown - Predominantly marine algae of the division Phaeophyta, having CHROMATOPHORES containing carotenoid P...

Algae, Golden-Brown - Microscopic fresh water algae in the family Chrysophyceae. They share many features with the BROWN A...

Algae, Green - Algae of the division Chlorophyta, in which the green pigment of CHLOROPHYLL is not masked by other ...

Algae, Red - Algae of the division Rhodophyta, in which the red pigment (PHYCOERYTHRIN) predominates. However if ...

Algal Proteins - Proteins found in any species of algae....

Algeria - A country in northern Africa bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between MOROCCO and TUNISIA. Its capit...

Algestone - A synthetic progestational dihydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE. Its acetonide possesses anti-inflam...

Algestone Acetophenide - A progesterone that has been used in ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION and has been evaluated as an injectable ...

Alginates - Salts of alginic acid that are extracted from marine kelp and used to make dental impressions and as...

Algorithms - A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or dete...

Alicyclobacillus - A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING RODS, in the family Alicyclobacillaceae, containing a uni...

Alien Hand Syndrome - An apraxia characterized by the affected limb having involuntary, autonomous, and purposeful behavio...

Alisma - A plant genus of the family ALISMATACEAE. The flowers have 3 green sepals, 3 yellow and white petals...

Alismataceae - A plant family of the subclass ALISMATIDAE, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) of aquatic plants. The...

Alismatidae - A plant subclass of the class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) in the Chronquist classification system. T...

Alkadienes - Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon double bonds....

Alkalies - Usually a hydroxide of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium, but also the carbonates of th...

Alkaline Ceramidase - A ceramidase subtype that is active at alkaline pH. It is found at high levels within the SMALL INTE...

Alkaline Phosphatase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and ...

Alkaloids - Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable ki...

Alkalosis - A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids....

Alkalosis, Respiratory - A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Alkane 1-Monooxygenase - A P450 oxidoreductase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the terminal carbon of linear hydrocarbons...

Alkanes - The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -a...

Alkanesulfonates - Organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical....

Alkanesulfonic Acids - Sulfonic acid derivatives that are substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group....

Alkaptonuria - An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIO...

Alkenes - Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical...

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases - A somewhat heterogeneous class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of alkyl or related groups (exc...

Alkylating Agents - Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and there...

Alkylation - The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition rea...

Alkylmercury Compounds - Organic mercury compounds in which the mercury is attached to an alkyl group....

Alkynes - Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2....

Allantoin - A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations....

Allantois - An extra-embryonic membranous sac derived from the YOLK SAC of REPTILES; BIRDS; and MAMMALS. It lies...

Alleles - Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing th...

Allelic Imbalance - A situation where one member (allele) of a gene pair is lost (LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY) or amplified....

Allergens - Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE)....

Allergy and Immunology - A medical specialty concerned with the hypersensitivity of the individual to foreign substances and ...

Allethrin - Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Me...

Allied Health Occupations - Occupations of medical personnel who are not physicians, and are qualified by special training and, ...

Allied Health Personnel - Health care workers specially trained and licensed to assist and support the work of health professi...

Alligators and Crocodiles - Large, long-tailed reptiles, including caimans, of the order Loricata....

Allium - A genus of the plant family Liliaceae (sometimes classified as Alliaceae) in the order Liliales. Ma...

Allolevivirus - A bacteriophage genus of the family LEVIVIRIDAE, whose viruses contain the longer version of the gen...

Allomyces - A genus of aquatic fungi in the phylum BLASTOCLADIOMYCOTA. It is abundant in warmer climates and exh...

Allophanate Hydrolase - An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of allophanic acid to two molecules of ammonia plus two mole...

Allopurinol - A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite ...

Allostasis - Biological adaptation, such as the rise of EPINEPHRINE in response to exercise, stress or perceived ...

Allosteric Regulation - The modification of the reactivity of ENZYMES by the binding of effectors to sites (ALLOSTERIC SITES...

Allosteric Site - A site on an enzyme which upon binding of a modulator, causes the enzyme to undergo a conformational...

Alloys - A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying pro...

Allylamine - Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. U...

Allylestrenol - A synthetic steroid with progestational activity....

Allylglycine - An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to ...

Allylisopropylacetamide - An allylic compound that acts as a suicide inactivator of CYTOCHROME P450 by covalently binding to i...

Almanacs - Works consisting of a calendar of days, weeks, and months, together with information such as astron...

Almanacs as Topic - Publications, usually annual, containing a calendar for the coming year, the times of such events an...

Almitrine - A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemorecepto...

Almshouses - Privately endowed or public charities or institutions receiving and supporting the aged or infirm po...

Alnus - A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE that is distinguished from birch (BETULA) by its usually stal...

Alocasia - A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. Members contain beta-glucosidases and trypsin inhibitors....

Aloe - A plant genus of the family Aloeaceae, order Liliales (or Asphodelaceae, Asparagales in APG system) ...

Alopecia - Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present....

Alopecia Areata - A microscopically inflammatory, usually reversible, patchy hair loss occurring in sharply defined ar...

Alouatta - A genus of the subfamily ALOUATTINAE, family ATELIDAE, inhabiting the forests of Central and South A...

Alouattinae - A subfamily of ATELIDAE inhabiting the forests of Central and South America. The genus ALOUATTA, or ...

alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin - Glycoprotein found in alpha(1)-globulin region in human serum. It inhibits chymotrypsin-like protein...

alpha 1-Antitrypsin - Plasma glycoprotein member of the serpin superfamily which inhibits TRYPSIN; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; an...

alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency - Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN, leading primarily to degradation of elasti...

alpha Catenin - A catenin that binds F-ACTIN and links the CYTOSKELETON with BETA CATENIN and GAMMA CATENIN....

alpha Karyopherins - Nucleocytoplasmic transport molecules that bind to the NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION SIGNALS of cytoplasmic m...

Alpha Particles - Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two NEUTRONS, i.e. equivalent to HELIUM nuc...

Alpha Rhythm - One of four types of brain waves characterized by a relatively high voltage or amplitude and a frequ...

alpha-2-Antiplasmin - A member of the serpin superfamily found in plasma that inhibits the lysis of fibrin clots which are...

Alpha-Amanitin - A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POL...

alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid - An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA su...

alpha-Amylases - Enzymes that catalyze the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in STARCH; GLYCOGEN; and r...

alpha-Chlorohydrin - A chlorinated propanediol compound that has shown anti-fertility activity in males and has been used...

alpha-Crystallin A Chain - One of the subunits of alpha-crystallins. Unlike ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN B CHAIN the expression of ALPHA-CR...

alpha-Crystallin B Chain - One of the alpha crystallin subunits. In addition to being expressed in the lens (LENS, CRYSTALLINE)...

alpha-Crystallins - A subclass of crystallins that provides the majority of refractive power and translucency to the len...

alpha-Cyclodextrins - Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of six (6) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds....

alpha-Defensins - DEFENSINS found in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and in the secretory granules of intestinal ...

alpha-Endorphin - An endogenous opioid peptide derived from BETA-LIPOTROPIN of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system....

alpha-Fetoproteins - The first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during development of the embryo and the domin...

alpha-Galactosidase - An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alph...

alpha-Globins - Members of the alpha-globin family. In humans, they are encoded in a gene cluster on CHROMOSOME 16. ...

Alpha-Globulins - Serum proteins that have the most rapid migration during ELECTROPHORESIS. This subgroup of globulins...

alpha-Glucosidases - Enzymes that catalyze the exohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages with release of alpha-gluco...

Alphaherpesvirinae - A subfamily of HERPESVIRIDAE characterized by a short replication cycle. The genera include: SIMPLEX...

alpha-L-Fucosidase - An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an alpha L-fucoside to yield an alcohol and L-fucose. Def...

alpha-Linolenic Acid - A fatty acid that is found in plants and involved in the formation of prostaglandins....

alpha-Macroglobulins - Glycoproteins with a molecular weight of approximately 620,000 to 680,000. Precipitation by electrop...

alpha-Mannosidase - An enzyme that catalyzes the HYDROLYSIS of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-...

alpha-Mannosidosis - An inborn error of metabolism marked by a defect in the lysosomal isoform of ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE activ...

alpha-Methyltyrosine - An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholam...

alpha-MSH - A 13-amino acid peptide derived from proteolytic cleavage of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, the N-term...

alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase - A hexosaminidase with specificity for terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-a...

Alphapapillomavirus - A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE. They preferentially infect the anogenital and...

Alphaprodine - An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more...

Alphaproteobacteria - A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised mostly of two major phenotypes: purple non-sulfur bac...

Alpharetrovirus - A genus of the family RETROVIRIDAE with type C morphology, that causes malignant and other diseases ...

alpha-Synuclein - A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES that plays a role in neurodegeneration and neur...

alpha-Thalassemia - A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of hemoglobin. The severity of thi...

alpha-Tocopherol - A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant ac...

Alphavirus - A genus of TOGAVIRIDAE, also known as Group A arboviruses, serologically related to each other but n...

Alphavirus Infections - Virus diseases caused by members of the ALPHAVIRUS genus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE....

Alpinia - A plant genus of the family ZINGIBERACEAE. Members contain galangin, yakuchinone-A, and diarylheptan...

Alprazolam - A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficaciou...

Alprenolol - One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmi...

Alprostadil - A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow....

Alstonia - A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. Members contain echitovenidine, echitamine, venenatine (an ...

Alstroemeria - A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. Members contain allergens, tuliposide A and tulipalin A....

Alstrom Syndrome - Rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by multiple organ dysfunction. The key clinical featu...

Alternaria - A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including several plant pathogens and at least one speci...

Alternative Splicing - A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing in...

Alteromonadaceae - A family of marine, gram-negative PROTEOBACTERIA including the genera ALTEROMONAS; Colwellia; Idioma...

Alteromonas - A genus of gram-negative, straight or curved rods which are motile by means of a single, polar flage...

Althaea - A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE known for mucilaginous roots. The common names of hollyhock an...

Altitude - A vertical distance measured from a known level on the surface of a planet or other celestial body....

Altitude Sickness - A morbid condition of ANOXIA caused by the reduced available oxygen at high altitudes....

Altretamine - A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine....

Altruism - Consideration and concern for others, as opposed to self-love or egoism, which can be a motivating i...

Alu Elements - The Alu sequence family (named for the restriction endonuclease cleavage enzyme Alu I) is the most h...

Alum Compounds - Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. The...

Aluminum - A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98....

Aluminum Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain aluminum as an integral part of the molecule....

Aluminum Hydroxide - A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrice...

Aluminum Oxide - An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is ...

Aluminum Silicates - Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made...

Alveolar Bone Loss - Resorption or wasting of the tooth-supporting bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS) in the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE....

Alveolar Process - The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the ...

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation - Preprosthetic surgery involving rib, cartilage, or iliac crest bone grafts, usually autologous, or s...

Alveolata - A group of three related eukaryotic phyla whose members possess an alveolar membrane system, consist...

Alveolectomy - Subtotal or complete excision of the alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible. (Dorland, 28th ed)...

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic - A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after i...

Alveoloplasty - Conservative contouring of the alveolar process, in preparation for immediate or future denture cons...

Alzheimer Disease - A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of ...

Alzheimer Vaccines - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat ALZHEIMER DISEASE....

Amacrine Cells - INTERNEURONS of the vertebrate RETINA. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in ...

Amanita - A genus of fungi of the family Agaricaceae, order Agaricales; most species are poisonous....

Amanitins - Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors o...

Amantadine - An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also us...

Amaranth Dye - A sulfonic acid-based naphthylazo dye used as a coloring agent for foodstuffs and medicines and as a...

Amaranthaceae - A family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, with about 60 genera and more than 800 spe...

Amaranthus - A plant genus, in the family AMARANTHACEAE, best known as a source of high-protein grain crops and o...

Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids - Alkaloids derived from TYRAMINE combined with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde via a norbelladine pathway, ...

Amaurosis Fugax - Transient complete or partial monocular blindness due to retinal ischemia. This may be caused by emb...

Amazona - One of the largest genera of PARROTS, ranging from South American to Northern Mexico. Many species a...

Ambenonium Chloride - A quaternary ammonium compound that is an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity with actions similar ...

Amber - A yellowish fossil resin, the gum of several species of coniferous trees, found in the alluvial depo...

Ambergris - A gray substance found in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of the SPERM WHALE....

Amblyopia - A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-in...

Amblyospora - A genus of FUNGI, in the family Amblyosporidae, which is a parasite of MOSQUITOES....

Ambrosia - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The POLLEN is one cause of HAYFEVER....

Ambroxol - A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the res...

Ambulances - A vehicle equipped for transporting patients in need of emergency care....

Ambulatory Care - Health care services provided to patients on an ambulatory basis, rather than by admission to a hosp...

Ambulatory Care Facilities - Those facilities which administer health services to individuals who do not require hospitalization ...

Ambulatory Care Information Systems - Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve informat...

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures - Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surg...

Ambystoma - A genus of the Ambystomatidae family. The best known species are the axolotl AMBYSTOMA MEXICANUM and...

Ambystoma mexicanum - A salamander found in Mexican mountain lakes and accounting for about 30 percent of the urodeles use...

Ambystomatidae - A family of the class Urodela which includes 4 living genera, about 33 species, and occurs only in N...

Amdinocillin - Amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action. It is poorly absorbed ...

Amdinocillin Pivoxil - Pivaloyloxymethyl ester of amdinocillin that is well absorbed orally, but broken down to amdinocilli...

Amdovirus - A genus in the subfamily PARVOVIRINAE consisting of a single species ALEUTIAN MINK DISEASE VIRUS....

Amebiasis - Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but d...

Amebicides - Agents which are destructive to amebae, especially the parasitic species causing AMEBIASIS in man an...

Ameloblastoma - An immature epithelial tumor of the JAW originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez or from ot...

Ameloblasts - Cylindrical epithelial cells in the innermost layer of the ENAMEL ORGAN. Their functions include con...

Amelogenesis - The elaboration of dental enamel by ameloblasts, beginning with its participation in the formation o...

Amelogenesis Imperfecta - A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary conditions characterized by malformed...

Amelogenin - A major dental enamel-forming protein found in mammals. In humans the protein is encoded by GENES fo...

Amenorrhea - Absence of menstruation....

American Cancer Society - A voluntary organization concerned with the prevention and treatment of cancer through education and...

American Civil War - 1861-1865 conflict between the Union (Northern states) and the 11 Southern states that seceded and w...

American Dental Association - Professional society representing the field of dentistry....

American Heart Association - A voluntary organization concerned with the prevention and treatment of heart and vascular diseases....

American Hospital Association - A professional society in the United States whose membership is composed of hospitals....

American Medical Association - Professional society representing the field of medicine....

American Native Continental Ancestry Group - Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continents of the Americas....

American Nurses' Association - Professional society representing the field of nursing....

American Public Health Association - Professional organization concerned with issues affecting personal and environmental health, includi...

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act - Public Law No: 111-5, enacted February 2009, makes supplemental appropriations for job preservation ...

American Revolution - Armed conflict that resulted in separation of American colonies from Britain and established the Uni...

American Samoa - A group of islands of SAMOA, in the southwest central Pacific. Its capital is Pago Pago. The islands...

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association - A professional society concerned with the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and remediation of speec...

Americas - The general name for NORTH AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; and SOUTH AMERICA unspecified or combined....

Americium - Americium. A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, atomic number 95, and a...

Amide Synthases - Enzymes that catalyze the joining of either ammonia or an amide with another molecule, in which the ...

Amides - Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -O...

Amidine-Lyases - These enzymes catalyze the elimination of ammonia from amidines with the formation of a double bond....

Amidinotransferases - Enzymes of a subclass of TRANSFERASES that catalyze the transfer of an amidino group from donor to a...

Amido Black - A dye used to stain proteins in electrophoretic techniques. It is used interchangeably with its acid...

Amidophosphoribosyltransferase - An enzyme, involved in the early steps of purine nucleotide biosynthesis, that catalyzes the formati...

Amifostine - A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may ...

Amikacin - A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminogl...

Amiloride - A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS...

Aminacrine - A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally a...

Amination - The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compoun...

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) - A group of enzymes including those oxidizing primary monoamines, diamines, and histamine. They are c...

Amines - A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From ...

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones - Inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES and sulfhydryl group-containing enzymes. They act as alkylating ...

Amino Acid Isomerases - Enzymes that catalyze either the racemization or epimerization of chiral centers within amino acids ...

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors - Disorders affecting amino acid metabolism. The majority of these disorders are inherited and present...

Amino Acid Motifs - Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent second...

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases - A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids....

Amino Acid Sequence - The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary st...

Amino Acid Substitution - The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protei...

Amino Acid Transport Disorders, Inborn - Disorders characterized by defective transport of amino acids across cell membranes. These include d...

Amino Acid Transport System A - A sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter that accounts for most of the sodium-dependent neu...

Amino Acid Transport System ASC - A ubiquitous sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. The preferred substrates for this tran...

Amino Acid Transport System L - A sodium-independent neutral amino acid transporter system with specificity for large amino acids. O...

Amino Acid Transport System X-AG - A family of POTASSIUM and SODIUM-dependent acidic amino acid transporters that demonstrate a high af...

Amino Acid Transport System y+ - A sodium-independent, basic amino acid transport system with a high-affinity for LYSINE; ARGININE; a...

Amino Acid Transport System y+L - A leucine-sensitive amino acid transport system with high affinity for basic amino acids( AMINO ACID...

Amino Acid Transport Systems - Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes....

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Acidic - Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting acidic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, ACIDIC)....

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic - Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting basic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BASIC)....

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral - Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting neutral amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, NEUTRAL)....

Amino Acids - Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-...

Amino Acids, Acidic - Amino acids with side chains that are negatively charged at physiological pH....

Amino Acids, Aromatic - Amino acids containing an aromatic side chain....

Amino Acids, Basic - Amino acids with side chains that are positively charged at physiological pH....

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain - Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain....

Amino Acids, Cyclic - A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure....

Amino Acids, Essential - Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiologi...

Amino Acids, Neutral - Amino acids with uncharged R groups or side chains....

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins - Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages....

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases - A subclass of enzymes that aminoacylate AMINO ACID-SPECIFIC TRANSFER RNA with their corresponding AM...

Amino Alcohols - Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2)....

Amino Sugars - SUGARS containing an amino group. GLYCOSYLATION of other compounds with these amino sugars results i...

Aminoacetonitrile - Cyanomethylamine....

Amino-Acid N-Acetyltransferase - A mitochondrial matrix enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of L-GLUTAMATE to N-acetyl-L-glutamate in...

Aminoacridines - Acridines which are substituted in any position by one or more amino groups or substituted amino gro...

Aminoacylation - A reaction that introduces an aminoacyl group to a molecule. TRANSFER RNA AMINOACYLATION is the firs...

Aminoacyltransferases - Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an aminoacyl group from donor to acceptor resulting in the for...

Aminobenzoic Acids - BENZOIC ACID substituted with an amino group. They can either be mono-, di-, or tri- substituted. Pa...

Aminobiphenyl Compounds - Biphenyl compounds substituted in any position by one or more amino groups. Permitted are any substi...

Aminobutyric Acids - Aliphatic four carbon acids substituted in any position(s) with amino group(s). They are found in mo...

Aminocaproic Acids - A group of compounds that are derivatives of aminohexanoic acids....

Aminocoumarins - COUMARINS with an amino group, exemplified by NOVOBIOCIN....

Aminoethylphosphonic Acid - An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues....

Aminoglutethimide - An aromatase inhibitor that produces a state of "medical" adrenalectomy by blocking the production o...

Aminoglycosides - Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are cli...

Aminohippuric Acids - A group of glycine amides of aminobenzoic acids....

Aminoimidazole Carboxamide - An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, o...

Aminoisobutyric Acids - A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid....

Aminolevulinic Acid - A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used a...

Aminomethyltransferase - A one-carbon group transferase that transfers lipoamide-linked methylamine groups to tetrahydrofolat...

Aminomuconate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase - An NAD+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde to 2-aminomu...

Aminooxyacetic Acid - A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level ...

Aminopeptidases - A subclass of EXOPEPTIDASES that act on the free N terminus end of a polypeptide liberating a single...

Aminophenols - Phenols substituted in any position by an amino group....

Aminophylline - A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than ...

Aminopropionitrile - 3-Aminopropanenitrile. Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantot...

Aminopterin - A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic....

Aminopyridines - Pyridines substituted in any position with an amino group. May be hydrogenated, but must retain at l...

Aminopyrine - A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOC...

Aminoquinolines - Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more amino groups....

Aminorex - An amphetamine-like anorectic agent. It may cause pulmonary hypertension....

Aminosalicylic Acid - An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the dru...

Aminosalicylic Acids - A group of 2-hydroxybenzoic acids that can be substituted by amino groups at any of the 3-, 4-, 5-, ...

Amiodarone - An antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle a...

Amitriptyline - Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-...

Amitrole - A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Ca...

Amlodipine - A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PE...

Ammi - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that is the primary plant source of KHELLIN....

Ammonia - Ammonia. A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic material...

Ammonia-Lyases - Enzymes that catalyze the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond by the elimination of AMMONIA. E...

Ammonium Chloride - An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries an...

Ammonium Sulfate - Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins....

Ammotherapy - Treatment by application of hot sand....

Amnesia - Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) ...

Amnesia, Anterograde - Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This condition may be organ...

Amnesia, Retrograde - Loss of the ability to recall information that had been previously encoded in memory prior to a spec...

Amnesia, Transient Global - A syndrome characterized by a transient loss of the ability to form new memories. It primarily occur...

Amniocentesis - Percutaneous transabdominal puncture of the uterus during pregnancy to obtain amniotic fluid. It is ...

Amnion - The innermost membranous sac that surrounds and protects the developing embryo which is bathed in th...

Amniotic Band Syndrome - A disorder present in the newborn infant in which constriction rings or bands, causing soft tissue d...

Amniotic Fluid - A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the FETUS inside the sac of AMNION. In the first trimester,...

Amobarbital - A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainl...

Amodiaquine - A 4-aminoquinoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties....

Amoeba - A genus of ameboid protozoa. Characteristics include a vesicular nucleus and the formation of severa...

Amoebida - An order of ameboid protozoa that is commonly uninucleate and possess mitochondria. Most organisms a...

Amoebozoa - A supergroup (some say phylum) of ameboid EUKARYOTES, comprising ARCHAMOEBAE; LOBOSEA; and MYCETOZOA...

Amomum - A plant genus of the family ZINGIBERACEAE. Members contain aculeatin D, beta-sitosterol, and STIGMAS...

Amorphophallus - A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. Members contain konjac glucomannan (MANNANS) and SEROTONIN....

Amoxapine - The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptak...

Amoxicillin - A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastri...

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination - A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate (see AMOXICILLIN), an aminopenicillin, and potas...

AMP Deaminase - An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of AMP to IMP. EC 3.5.4.6....

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular ene...

Ampelopsis - A plant genus of the family VITACEAE. Members contain momordin and SITOSTEROLS....

Amphetamine - A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms...

Amphetamine-Related Disorders - Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines....

Amphetamines - Analogs or derivatives of AMPHETAMINE. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulat...

Amphibian Proteins - Proteins obtained from species in the class of AMPHIBIANS....

Amphibian Venoms - Venoms produced by frogs, toads, salamanders, etc. The venom glands are usually on the skin of the b...

Amphibians - VERTEBRATES belonging to the class amphibia such as frogs, toads, newts and salamanders that live in...

Amphipoda - An order of mostly marine CRUSTACEA containing more than 5500 species in over 100 families. Like ISO...

Ampholyte Mixtures - Such mixtures of amphoteric electrolytes or buffers that provide a continuous range of pH in an elec...

Amphotericin B - Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco r...

Ampicillin - Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic...

Ampicillin Resistance - Nonsusceptibility of a microbe to the action of ampicillin, a penicillin derivative that interferes ...

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis - The detection of RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS by selective PCR amplification of restric...

Amplifiers, Electronic - Electronic devices that increase the magnitude of a signal's power level or current....

Amprolium - Veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with thiamine metabolism. It may cause thiamine deficiency....

Ampulla of Vater - A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the COMMON BILE DUCT and t...

Amputation - The removal of a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. (Dorland, 28th ed)...

Amputation Stumps - The part of a limb or tail following amputation that is proximal to the amputated section....

Amputation, Traumatic - Loss of a limb or other bodily appendage by accidental injury....

Ampyrone - A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent...

Amrinone - A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase...

Amsacrine - Aminoacridine derivative that is a potent intercalating antineoplastic agent. It is effective in the...

Amsinckia - A plant genus of the family BORAGINACEAE. Members contain PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS. The common name ...

Amsonia - A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. Species of this genus contain YOHIMBINE....

Amygdala - Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the br...

Amygdalin - A cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of Rosaceae....

Amyl Nitrite - A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed...

Amylases - A group of amylolytic enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related alpha-1,4-glucans. (Stedman,...

Amyloid - A type of extracellularly deposited substance composed of an amyloid protein and additional componen...

Amyloid beta-Protein - A 4-kDa protein, 39-43 amino acids long, expressed by a gene located on chromosome 21. It is the maj...

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor - A precursor to the AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN (beta/A4). Alterations in the expression of the amyloid beta...

Amyloid Neuropathies - Disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue...

Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial - Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in ne...

Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases - Endopeptidases that are specific for AMYLOID PROTEIN PRECURSOR. Three secretase subtypes referred to...

Amyloidosis - A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, link...

Amyloidosis, Familial - Diseases in which there is a familial pattern of AMYLOIDOSIS....

Amylopectin - A highly branched glucan in starch....

Amylose - An unbranched glucan in starch....

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the br...

Anabaena - A genus of CYANOBACTERIA consisting of trichomes that are untapered with conspicuous constrictions a...

Anabaena cylindrica - A species in the genus ANABAENA whose trichomes are composed of cylindrical cells....

Anabaena flos-aquae - A species in the genus ANABAENA containing gas vacuoles that gives buoyancy to the organism. It can ...

Anabaena variabilis - A species of ANABAENA that can form SPORES called akinetes....

Anabasine - A piperidine botanical insecticide....

Anabolic Agents - These compounds stimulate anabolism and inhibit catabolism. They stimulate the development of muscle...

Anacardiaceae - The sumac plant family in the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are tro...

Anacardic Acids - A group of 6-alkyl SALICYLIC ACIDS that are found in ANACARDIUM and known for causing CONTACT DERMAT...

Anacardium - A plant genus of the family ANACARDIACEAE. This is the source of the familiar cashew nuts, which are...

Anaerobic Threshold - The oxygen consumption level above which aerobic energy production is supplemented by anaerobic mech...

Anaerobiosis - The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given ...

Anaerobiospirillum - A genus of gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacteria in the family SUCCINIVIBRIONACEAE. It has been isol...

Anagallis - A plant genus of the family PRIMULACEAE that contains anagallosides, which are molluscacidal triterp...

Anal Canal - The terminal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, beginning from the ampulla of the RECTUM and ending at ...

Anal Gland Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the anal gland....

Anal Sacs - A pair of anal glands or sacs, located on either side of the ANUS, that produce and store a dark, f...

Analgesia - Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS....

Analgesia, Epidural - The relief of pain without loss of consciousness through the introduction of an analgesic agent into...

Analgesia, Obstetrical - The elimination of PAIN, without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, during OBSTETRIC LABOR; OBSTETRIC DELIVE...

Analgesia, Patient-Controlled - Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients...

Analgesics - Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS....

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - Drugs that have principally analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory actions. They do not bind ...

Analgesics, Opioid - Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induct...

Analog-Digital Conversion - The process of converting analog data such as continually measured voltage to discrete, digital form...

Analysis of Variance - A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent vari...

Analytic Sample Preparation Methods - Use of various chemical separation and extraction methods, such as SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOG...

Ananas - A plant genus of the family BROMELIACEAE known for the edible fruit that is the source of BROMELAINS...

Anaphase - The phase of cell nucleus division following METAPHASE, in which the CHROMATIDS separate and migrate...

Anaphylatoxins - Serum peptides derived from certain cleaved COMPLEMENT PROTEINS during COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. They i...

Anaphylaxis - An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction...

Anaplasia - Loss of structural differentiation and useful function of neoplastic cells....

Anaplasma - A genus of gram-negative bacteria whose organisms are obligate parasites of vertebrates. Species are...

Anaplasma centrale - A species of gram-negative bacteria causing mild ANAPLASMOSIS in CATTLE. It also can infect SHEEP an...

Anaplasma marginale - A species of gram-negative bacteria and causative agent of severe bovine ANAPLASMOSIS. It is the mos...

Anaplasma ovis - A species of gram-negative bacteria producing mild to severe ANAPLASMOSIS in SHEEP and GOATS, and mi...

Anaplasma phagocytophilum - A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ANAPLASMA, family ANAPLASMATACEAE, formerly called ...

Anaplasmataceae - A family of bacteria which inhabit RED BLOOD CELLS and cause several animal diseases....

Anaplasmataceae Infections - Infections with bacteria of the family ANAPLASMATACEAE....

Anaplasmosis - A disease of cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus ANAPLAS...

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y - A Y-shaped surgical anastomosis of any part of the digestive system which includes the small intesti...

Anastomosis, Surgical - Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-...

Anatomists - Those persons skilled in anatomy or dissection....

Anatomy - A branch of biology dealing with the structure of organisms....

Anatomy, Artistic - The study of the structures of organisms for applications in art: drawing, painting, sculpture, illu...

Anatomy, Comparative - The comparative study of animal structure with regard to homologous organs or parts. (Stedman, 25th ...

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional - Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, org...

Anatomy, Regional - The anatomical study of specific regions or parts of organisms, emphasizing the relationship between...

Anatomy, Veterinary - The study of the anatomical structures of animals....

Ancient Lands - Geographical sites known to be extant in a remote period in the history of civilization, familiar as...

Ancillary Services, Hospital - Those support services other than room, board, and medical and nursing services that are provided to...

Ancitabine - Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antin...

Ancrod - An enzyme fraction from the venom of the Malayan pit viper, Agkistrodon rhodostoma. It catalyzes the...

Ancylostoma - A genus of nematode intestinal parasites that consists of several species. A. duodenale is the commo...

Ancylostomatoidea - A superfamily of nematode parasitic hookworms consisting of four genera: ANCYLOSTOMA; NECATOR; Bunos...

Ancylostomiasis - Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anem...

Andersen Syndrome - A form of inherited long QT syndrome (or LQT7) that is characterized by a triad of potassium-sensiti...

Andorra - A principality in the Pyrenees between France and Spain. Its capital is also called Andorra. (From W...

Androgen Antagonists - Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of androgens....

Androgen-Binding Protein - Carrier proteins produced in the Sertoli cells of the testis, secreted into the seminiferous tubules...

Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome - A familial form of PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait. These patients ...

Androgens - Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar...

Andrographis - A plant genus of the family ACANTHACEAE. Members contain andrographolide and other DITERPENES and an...

Andrology - A scientific or medical discipline concerning the study of male reproductive biology, diseases of th...

Andropause - An endocrine state in men, characterized by a significant decline in the production of TESTOSTERONE;...

Andropogon - A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The common name of bluestem is also used for other plants in th...

Androstadienes - Derivatives of the steroid androstane having two double bonds at any site in any of the rings....

Androstane-3,17-diol - The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic act...

Androstanes - The family of steroids from which the androgens are derived....

Androstanols - Androstanes and androstane derivatives which are substituted in any position with one or more hydrox...

Androstatrienes - Derivatives of the steroid androstane having three double bonds at any site in any of the rings....

Androstenediol - An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstened...

Androstenediols - Unsaturated androstane derivatives which are substituted with two hydroxy groups in any position in ...

Androstenedione - A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL...

Androstenes - Unsaturated derivatives of the steroid androstane containing at least one double bond at any site in...

Androstenols - Unsaturated androstanes which are substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position in th...

Androsterone - A metabolite of TESTOSTERONE or ANDROSTENEDIONE with a 3-alpha-hydroxyl group and without the double...

Anecdotes - Works consisting of brief accounts or narratives of incidents or events....

Anecdotes as Topic - Brief accounts or narratives of an incident or event....

Anellovirus - A free-floating DNA virus genus, unattached to any family, comprising several species of hepatitis-r...

Anemarrhena - A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. Members contain anemarans (POLYSACCHARIDES), hinokiresinol, m...

Anemia - A reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin....

Anemia, Aplastic - A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elem...

Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan - A rare congenital hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. The disease is characte...

Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital - A familial disorder characterized by ANEMIA with multinuclear ERYTHROBLASTS, karyorrhexis, asynchron...

Anemia, Hemolytic - A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to pre...

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune - Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patien...

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital - Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte....

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic - Any one of a group of congenital hemolytic anemias in which there is no abnormal hemoglobin or spher...

Anemia, Hypochromic - Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the ery...

Anemia, Hypoplastic, Congenital - An inborn condition characterized by deficiencies of red cell precursors that sometimes also include...

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferr...

Anemia, Macrocytic - Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and...

Anemia, Megaloblastic - A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or...

Anemia, Myelophthisic - Anemia characterized by appearance of immature myeloid and nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral ...

Anemia, Neonatal - The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation....

Anemia, Pernicious - A megaloblastic anemia occurring in children but more commonly in later life, characterized by hista...

Anemia, Refractory - A severe sometimes chronic anemia, usually macrocytic in type, that does not respond to ordinary ant...

Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts - Chronic refractory anemia with granulocytopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia. Myeloblasts and progranulo...

Anemia, Sickle Cell - A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involve...

Anemia, Sideroblastic - Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the m...

Anemone - A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE that contains triterpene saponins. The root of Anemone rad...

Anencephaly - A malformation of the nervous system caused by failure of the anterior neuropore to close. Infants a...

Anesthesia - A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually ...

Anesthesia Department, Hospital - Hospital department responsible for the administration of functions and activities pertaining to the...

Anesthesia Recovery Period - The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at...

Anesthesia, Caudal - Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal....

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit - Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide i...

Anesthesia, Inhalation - Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases...

Anesthesia, Local - A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent....

Anesthesiology - A specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics and anesthesia....

Anesthetics - Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensati...

Anesthetics, Combined - The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need...

Anesthetics, Dissociative - Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. ...

Anesthetics, General - Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respi...

Anesthetics, Inhalation - Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree...

Anesthetics, Intravenous - Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induct...

Anesthetics, Local - Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations...

Anestrus - A state of sexual inactivity in female animals exhibiting no ESTROUS CYCLE. Causes of anestrus inclu...

Anethole Trithione - Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers....

Anethum graveolens - Anethum graveolens L. is a plant species of the family APIACEAE. The leaves are considered as a spic...

Anetoderma - Benign DERMATOSIS caused by a loss of dermal ELASTIC TISSUE resulting in localized sac-like areas of...

Aneugens - Agents which affect CELL DIVISION and the MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS resulting in the loss or gain of...

Aneuploidy - The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction o...

Aneurysm - Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) ...

Aneurysm, Dissecting - Aneurysm caused by a tear in the TUNICA INTIMA of a blood vessel leading to interstitial HEMORRHAGE,...

Aneurysm, False - Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a b...

Aneurysm, Infected - Aneurysm due to growth of microorganisms in the arterial wall, or infection arising within preexisti...

Aneurysm, Ruptured - The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worse...

Angelica - A plant genus of the family Apiaceae....

Angelica archangelica - A plant species of the family Apiaceae that contains COUMARINS....

Angelica sinensis - A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is the source of dong quai....

Angelman Syndrome - A syndrome characterized by multiple abnormalities, MENTAL RETARDATION, and movement disorders. Pres...

Anger - A strong emotional feeling of displeasure aroused by being interfered with, injured or threatened....

Angina Pectoris - The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, l...

Angina Pectoris, Variant - A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transien...

Angina, Unstable - Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION....

Angiocardiography - Radiography of the heart and great vessels after injection of a contrast medium....

Angiodysplasia - Acquired degenerative dilation or expansion (ectasia) of normal BLOOD VESSELS, often associated with...

Angioedema - Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEM...

Angioedemas, Hereditary - Inherited disorders that are characterized by subcutaneous and submucosal EDEMA in the upper RESPIRA...

Angiofibroma - A benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are numerous small and large, frequently dilated,...

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents - Agents that induce or stimulate the PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS process. This is caused by a number of ...

Angiogenesis Inhibitors - Agents and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels....

Angiogenesis Modulating Agents - Agents that modulate the PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS process. This is accomplished by endogenous ANGIOG...

Angiogenic Proteins - Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins that regulate the proliferation of new blood vessels u...

Angiography - Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium....

Angiography, Digital Subtraction - A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tiss...

Angioid Streaks - Small breaks in the elastin-filled tissue of the retina....

Angiokeratoma - A vascular, horny neoplasm of the skin characterized by TELANGIECTASIS and secondary epithelial chan...

Angiolipoma - A benign neoplasm composed of a mixture of adipose tissue and blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia - Solitary or multiple benign cutaneous nodules comprised of immature and mature vascular structures i...

Angiomatosis - A condition with multiple tumor-like lesions caused either by congenital or developmental malformati...

Angiomatosis, Bacillary - A reactive vascular proliferation that is characterized by the multiple tumor-like lesions in skin, ...

Angiomyolipoma - A benign tumor containing vascular, adipose, and muscle elements. It occurs most often in the kidney...

Angiomyoma - A benign tumor consisting of vascular and smooth muscle elements....

Angioplasty - Endovascular reconstruction of an artery, which may include the removal of atheromatous plaque and/o...

Angioplasty, Balloon - Use of a balloon catheter for dilatation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial ...

Angioplasty, Balloon, Laser-Assisted - Techniques using laser energy in combination with a balloon catheter to perform angioplasty. These p...

Angioplasty, Laser - A technique utilizing a laser coupled to a catheter which is used in the dilatation of occluded bloo...

Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary - Dilatation of an occluded coronary artery (or arteries) by means of a balloon catheter to restore my...

Angiopoietin-1 - The first to be discovered member of the angiopoietin family. It may play a role in increasing the s...

Angiopoietin-2 - An angiopoietin that is closely related to ANGIOPOIETIN-1. It binds to the TIE-2 RECEPTOR without re...

Angiopoietins - A family of structurally-related angiogenic proteins of approximately 70 kDa in size. They have high...

Angioscopes - Endoscopes used for viewing the interior of blood vessels....

Angioscopy - Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery performed on the interior of blood vessels....

Angiosperms - Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERM...

Angiostatic Proteins - Proteins that specifically inhibit the growth of new blood vessels (ANGIOGENESIS, PHYSIOLOGIC)....

Angiostatins - Circulating 38-kDa proteins that are internal peptide fragments of PLASMINOGEN. The name derives fro...

Angiostrongylus - A genus of parasitic nematodes of the superfamily METASTRONGYLOIDEA. Two species, ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CA...

Angiostrongylus cantonensis - A species of parasitic nematodes distributed throughout the Pacific islands that infests the lungs o...

Angiotensin Amide - The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction....

Angiotensin I - A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited bio...

Angiotensin II - An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after ...

Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers - Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. Included are ANGIOTENSIN II analogs such as S...

Angiotensin III - A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AM...

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They ex...

Angiotensinogen - An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver an...

Angiotensins - Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid h...

Angola - A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its...

Anhydrides - Chemical compounds derived from acids by the elimination of a molecule of water....

Aniline Hydroxylase - A drug-metabolizing, cytochrome P-450 enzyme which catalyzes the hydroxylation of aniline to hydroxy...

Aniline Mustard - Alkylating anti-neoplastic agent....

Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates - A class of organic compounds which contain an anilino (phenylamino) group linked to a salt or ester ...

Animal Assisted Therapy - The use of live animal as a means of therapy...

Animal Care Committees - Institutional committees established to protect the welfare of animals used in research and educatio...

Animal Communication - Communication between animals involving the giving off by one individual of some chemical or physica...

Animal Experimentation - The use of animals as investigational subjects....

Animal Husbandry - The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition....

Animal Identification Systems - Procedures for recognizing individual animals and certain identifiable characteristics pertaining to...

Animal Migration - Periodic movements of animals in response to seasonal changes or reproductive instinct. Hormonal cha...

Animal Nutrition Sciences - The study of NUTRITION PROCESSES, as well as the components of food, their actions, interaction, and...

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - Nutritional physiology of animals....

Animal Population Groups - Animals grouped according to ecological, morphological or genetic populations....

Animal Rights - The moral and ethical bases of the protection of animals from cruelty and abuse. The rights are exte...

Animal Structures - Organs and other anatomical structures of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate animals....

Animal Technicians - Assistants to a veterinarian, biological or biomedical researcher, or other scientist who are engage...

Animal Testing Alternatives - Procedures, such as TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES; mathematical models; etc., when used or advocated for...

Animal Use Alternatives - Alternatives to the use of animals in research, testing, and education. The alternatives may include...

Animal Welfare - The protection of animals in laboratories or other specific environments by promoting their health t...

Animals - Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntar...

Animals, Congenic - Inbred strains of animals that are genetically identical except at a single locus, or a few specifie...

Animals, Domestic - Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with...

Animals, Genetically Modified - ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring....

Animals, Inbred Strains - Animals produced by the mating of littermates or siblings over multiple generations. The resultant s...

Animals, Newborn - Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth....

Animals, Outbred Strains - Animals that are generated from breeding two genetically dissimilar strains of the same species....

Animals, Suckling - Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, fos...

Animals, Wild - Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild ani...

Animation - A film or video wholly or partially created by photographing drawings, sculptures, or other inanimat...

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte - A ubiquitous membrane transport protein found in the plasma membrane of diverse cell types and tissu...

Anion Exchange Resins - High-molecular-weight insoluble polymers that contain functional cationic groups capable of undergoi...

Anion Transport Proteins - Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of negatively charged molecu...

Anions - Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole dur...

Aniridia - A congenital abnormality in which there is only a rudimentary iris. This is due to the failure of th...

Anisakiasis - Infection with roundworms of the genus ANISAKIS. Human infection results from the consumption of fis...

Anisakis - A genus of nematodes of the superfamily ASCARIDOIDEA. Its organisms are found in the stomachs of mar...

Aniseikonia - A condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs in size and shape from...

Anisocoria - Unequal pupil size, which may represent a benign physiologic variant or a manifestation of disease. ...

Anisoles - A group of compounds that are structurally related to methoxybenzene and contain the general formula...

Anisometropia - A condition of an inequality of refractive power of the two eyes....

Anisomycin - An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthes...

Anisotropy - A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the meas...

Anistreplase - An acylated inactive complex of streptokinase and human lysine-plasminogen. After injection, the acy...

Ankle - The region of the lower limb between the FOOT and the LEG....

Ankle Brachial Index - Comparison of the BLOOD PRESSURE between the BRACHIAL ARTERY and the POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY. It is ...

Ankle Injuries - Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source....

Ankle Joint - The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; th...

Ankylosis - Fixation and immobility of a joint....

Ankyrin Repeat - Protein motif that contains a 33-amino acid long sequence that often occurs in tandem arrays. This r...

Ankyrins - A family of membrane-associated proteins responsible for the attachment of the cytoskeleton. Erythro...

Annelida - A phylum of metazoan invertebrates comprising the segmented worms, and including marine annelids (PO...

Annexin A1 - Protein of the annexin family exhibiting lipid interaction and steroid-inducibility....

Annexin A2 - A member of the annexin family that is a substrate for a tyrosine kinase, ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SR...

Annexin A3 - A protein of the annexin family that catalyzes the conversion of 1-D-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate a...

Annexin A4 - Protein of the annexin family originally isolated from the electric organ of the electric ray Torped...

Annexin A5 - A protein of the annexin family isolated from human PLACENTA and other tissues. It inhibits cytosoli...

Annexin A6 - Protein of the annexin family with a probable role in exocytotic and endocytotic membrane events....

Annexin A7 - An annexin family member that plays a role in MEMBRANE FUSION and signaling via VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT CA...

Annexins - Family of calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins which are structurally related and exhibit immu...

Anniversaries and Special Events - Occasions to commemorate an event or occasions designated for a specific purpose....

Annona - A plant genus of the family ANNONACEAE. It has edible fruit and seeds which contain acetogenins and ...

Annonaceae - The custard-apple plant family of the order Magnoliales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. ...

Annual Reports - Works consisting of annual statements concerning the administrative and operational functions of an ...

Annual Reports as Topic - Annual statements reviewing the status of the administrative and operational functions and accompli...

Anodonta - A genus of thin-shelled freshwater mussels in the family UNIONIDAE, class BIVALVIA....

Anodontia - Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (par...

Anoikis - APOPTOSIS triggered by loss of contact with the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX....

Anomia - A language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly ...

Anomie - A state of social disorganization and demoralization in society which is largely the result of disha...

Anomura - An infraorder of CRUSTACEA, in the order DECAPODA comprising the hermit crabs and characterized by a...

Anonymous Testing - Testing in which the source of the specimen or the person being tested is not individually identifie...

Anonyms and Pseudonyms - Designations for persons whose names are not known or who wish to remain anonymous (anonyms) and for...

Anopheles - A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA....

Anopheles gambiae - A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa....

Anophthalmos - Congenital absence of the eye or eyes....

Anoplura - An order of insects comprising the sucking lice, which are blood-sucking ectoparasites of mammals. R...

Anorexia - The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the ...

Anorexia Nervosa - An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other f...

Anostraca - An order of CRUSTACEA comprised of shrimp-like organisms containing body trunks with at least 20 seg...

Anovulation - Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN ...

Anoxia - Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues....

Anseriformes - An order of BIRDS comprising the waterfowl, particularly DUCKS; GEESE; swans; and screamers....

Answering Services - Communication services provided by a person or a machine to record and relay the message from the ca...

Ant Venoms - Venoms from the superfamily Formicoidea, Ants. They may contain protein factors and toxins, histamin...

Antacids - Substances that counteract or neutralize acidity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT....

Antarctic Regions - The continent lying around the South Pole and the southern waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indi...

Antazoline - An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors....

Antelopes - Any of various ruminant mammals of the order Bovidae. They include numerous species in Africa and th...

Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein - Antennapedia homeodomain protein is a homeobox protein involved in limb patterning in ARTHROPODS. Mu...

Anterior Cerebral Artery - Artery formed by the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL). Branches...

Anterior Chamber - The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portio...

Anterior Compartment Syndrome - Rapid swelling, increased tension, pain, and ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial...

Anterior Cruciate Ligament - A strong ligament of the knee that originates from the posteromedial portion of the lateral condyle ...

Anterior Eye Segment - The front third of the eyeball that includes the structures between the front surface of the cornea ...

Anterior Horn Cells - Motor neurons in the anterior (ventral) horn of the spinal cord which project to skeletal muscles....

Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus - Loose heterogeneous collection of cells in the anterior hypothalamus, continuous rostrally with the ...

Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome - Ischemia or infarction of the spinal cord in the distribution of the anterior spinal artery, which s...

Anterior Temporal Lobectomy - A neurosurgical procedure that removes the anterior TEMPORAL LOBE including the medial temporal stru...

Anterior Thalamic Nuclei - Three nuclei located beneath the dorsal surface of the most rostral part of the thalamus. The group ...

Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction - MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION in which the anterior wall of the heart is involved. Anterior wall myocardial ...

Anthelmintics - Agents destructive to parasitic worms. They are used therapeutically in the treatment of HELMINTHIAS...

Anthemis - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that is similar to MATRICARIA but this has tiny chaffy bract ...

Anthocerotophyta - A plant division that includes hornworts, named for the horn-like appearance of the spore-producing ...

Anthocidaris - A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Echinometridae. They are closely related to and some say indist...

Anthocyanins - A group of FLAVONOIDS derived from FLAVONOLS, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position. They a...

Anthozoa - A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as p...

Anthracenes - A group of compounds with three aromatic rings joined in linear arrangement....

Anthracosilicosis - A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of dust that contains both CARBON and crystalline SILI...

Anthracosis - A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by accumulation of inhaled CARBON or coal dust. The diseas...

Anthracyclines - Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic lin...

Anthralin - An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treat...

Anthramycin - A broad-spectrum spectrum antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces refuineus var. thermo...

Anthranilate Phosphoribosyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of N-5'-phosphoribosylanthranilic acid from anthranilate and ...

Anthranilate Synthase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of anthranilate (o-aminobenzoate) and pyruvic acid from chori...

Anthranilic Acids - Benzoic acids which are substituted with an amino group in the C-2 position....

Anthraquinones - Compounds based on ANTHRACENES which contains two KETONES in any position. Substitutions can be in a...

Anthrax - An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoof...

Anthrax Vaccines - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX....

Anthropology - The science devoted to the comparative study of man....

Anthropology, Cultural - The study of social phenomena which characterize the learned, shared, and transmitted social activit...

Anthropology, Physical - The comparative science dealing with the physical characteristics of humans as related to their orig...

Anthropometry - The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or o...

Anthroposophy - Knowledge of the nature of man. A spiritual and mystical doctrine that grew out of theosophy and der...

Anti-Allergic Agents - Agents that are used to treat allergic reactions. Most of these drugs act by preventing the release ...

Anti-Anxiety Agents - Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming ...

Antiaris - A plant genus of the family MORACEAE. Members have been used as an arrow poison....

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents - Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization...

Anti-Asthmatic Agents - Drugs that are used to treat asthma....

Anti-Bacterial Agents - Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA....

Antibiosis - A natural association between organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them. This often refe...

Antibiotic Prophylaxis - Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prev...

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic - Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neopl...

Antibiotics, Antitubercular - Substances obtained from various species of microorganisms that are, alone or in combination with ot...

Antibodies - Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only...

Antibodies, Anticardiolipin - Antiphospholipid antibodies found in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATO...

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic - Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable regio...

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic - Autoantibodies directed against cytoplasmic constituents of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES and/or MONO...

Antibodies, Antinuclear - Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclea...

Antibodies, Antiphospholipid - Autoantibodies directed against phospholipids. These antibodies are characteristically found in pati...

Antibodies, Archaeal - Immunoglobulins induced by substances elaborated by ARCHAEA that have an antigenic activity....

Antibodies, Bacterial - Immunoglobulins induced by substances elaborated by BACTERIA that have an antigenic activity....

Antibodies, Bispecific - Antibodies, often monoclonal, in which the two antigen-binding sites are specific for separate ANTIG...

Antibodies, Blocking - Antibodies that inhibit the reaction between ANTIGEN and other antibodies or sensitized T-LYMPHOCYTE...

Antibodies, Catalytic - Antibodies that can catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions. They are characterized by high su...

Antibodies, Fungal - Immunoglobulins induced by substances elaborated by FUNGI that have an antigenic activity....

Antibodies, Helminth - Antibodies produced by human or animal cells following clinical or experimental exposure to parasiti...

Antibodies, Heterophile - Antibodies elicited in a different species from which the antigen originated. These antibodies are d...

Antibodies, Immobilized - Antibodies that are chemically bound to a substrate material which renders their location fixed....

Antibodies, Monoclonal - Antibodies produced by clones of cells such as those isolated after hybridization of activated B LYM...

Antibodies, Neoplasm - Immunoglobulins induced by antigens specific for tumors other than the normally occurring HISTOCOMPA...

Antibodies, Neutralizing - Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent,...

Antibodies, Phospho-Specific - Antibodies directed against immunogen-coupled phosphorylated PEPTIDES corresponding to amino acids s...

Antibodies, Protozoan - Antibodies produced by human or animal cells following clinical or experimental exposure to parasiti...

Antibodies, Viral - Immunoglobulins produced as a response to VIRAL ANTIGENS; includes all classes of immunoglobulins el...

Antibody Affinity - A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It de...

Antibody Diversity - The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to ...

Antibody Formation - The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ...

Antibody Specificity - The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with...

Antibody-Coated Bacteria Test, Urinary - Fluorescent antibody technique for visualizing antibody-bacteria complexes in urine. The presence or...

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity - The phenomenon of antibody-mediated target cell destruction by non-sensitized effector cells. The id...

Antibody-Dependent Enhancement - Enhancement of viral infectivity caused by non-neutralizing antibodies. There are at least two mecha...

Antibody-Producing Cells - Cells of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called an...

Anticarcinogenic Agents - Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mecha...

Anticestodal Agents - Agents used to treat tapeworm infestations in man or animals....

Anticholesteremic Agents - Substances used to lower plasma cholesterol levels....

Anticipation, Genetic - The apparent tendency of certain diseases to appear at earlier AGE OF ONSET and with increasing seve...

Anticoagulants - Agents that prevent blood clotting. Naturally occurring agents in the blood are included only when t...

Anticodon - The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSEN...

Anticonvulsants - Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity....

Antidepressive Agents - Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions...

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation - A structurally and mechanistically diverse group of drugs that are not tricyclics or monoamine oxida...

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic - Substances that contain a fused three-ring moiety and are used in the treatment of depression. These...

Antidiarrheals - Miscellaneous agents found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea. They have no effect on t...

Antidiuretic Agents - Agents that reduce the excretion of URINE, most notably the octapeptide VASOPRESSINS....

Antidotes - Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS....

Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - Drugs used in the treatment of movement disorders. Most of these act centrally on dopaminergic or ch...

Antiemetics - Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING. Antiemetics act by a wide range of mechanisms. Some act on...

Antifibrinolytic Agents - Agents that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. Several endogenous antiplasmi...

Antifoaming Agents - Agents used to prevent the formation of foam or to treat flatulence or bloat....

Antifreeze Proteins - Proteins that bind to ice and modify the growth of ice crystals. They perform a cryoprotective role ...

Antifreeze Proteins, Type I - A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are 3-5 kDa in size and contain a single alanine-rich amphipa...

Antifreeze Proteins, Type II - A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that have a cystine-rich globular structure of approximately 14 kD...

Antifreeze Proteins, Type III - A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are globular, 6.5 kDa in size and contain compact beta-sheet ...

Antifreeze Proteins, Type IV - A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that contain four amphipathic alpha-helices folded into an antipar...

Antifungal Agents - Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FU...

Antigen Presentation - The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is perfo...

Antigen-Antibody Complex - The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen...

Antigen-Antibody Reactions - The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS....

Antigenic Modulation - Loss of detectable antigen from the surface of a cell after incubation with antibodies. This is one ...

Antigenic Variation - Change in the surface ANTIGEN of a microorganism. There are two different types. One is a phenomenon...

Antigen-Presenting Cells - A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processi...

Antigens - Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction....

Antigens, Archaeal - Substances of archaeal origin that have antigenic activity....

Antigens, Bacterial - Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity....

Antigens, CD - Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation,...

Antigens, CD1 - Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their struct...

Antigens, CD11 - A group of three different alpha chains (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) that are associated with an invariant ...

Antigens, CD11a - An alpha-integrin subunit found on lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages and monocytes. It combines...

Antigens, CD11b - A CD antigen that contains a conserved I domain which is involved in ligand binding. When combined ...

Antigens, CD11c - An integrin alpha subunit of approximately 150-kDa molecular weight. It is expressed at high levels ...

Antigens, CD13 - Zinc-binding metalloproteases that are members of the type II integral membrane metalloproteases. Th...

Antigens, CD137 - A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that is specific for 4-1BB LIGAND. It is ...

Antigens, CD14 - Glycolipid-anchored membrane glycoproteins expressed on cells of the myelomonocyte lineage including...

Antigens, CD146 - A cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS an...

Antigens, CD147 - A widely distributed cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein that stimulates the synthesis of MATRIX...

Antigens, CD15 - A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood t...

Antigens, CD164 - A sialomucin protein that functions as a cell adhesion molecule. It is a negative regulator of certa...

Antigens, CD18 - Cell-surface glycoprotein beta-chains that are non-covalently linked to specific alpha-chains of the...

Antigens, CD19 - Differentiation antigens expressed on B-lymphocytes and B-cell precursors. They are involved in regu...

Antigens, CD1d - A major histocompatibily complex class I-like protein that plays a unique role in the presentation o...

Antigens, CD2 - Glycoprotein members of the immunoglobulin superfamily which participate in T-cell adhesion and acti...

Antigens, CD20 - Unglycosylated phosphoproteins expressed only on B-cells. They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ ...

Antigens, CD22 - A lectin and cell adhesion molecule found in B-LYMPHOCYTES. It interacts with SIALIC ACIDS and media...

Antigens, CD24 - A cell adhesion protein that was originally identified as a heat stable antigen in mice. It is invol...

Antigens, CD26 - Cell-surface glycoproteins and serine protease, also known as dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, that plays a ...

Antigens, CD27 - A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily found on most T-LYMPHOCYTES. Activation ...

Antigens, CD28 - T-cell differentiation antigens that serve as the receptors for the B7 antigen (ANTIGENS, CD80) whic...

Antigens, CD29 - Integrin beta-1 chains which are expressed as heterodimers that are noncovalently associated with sp...

Antigens, CD3 - Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently...

Antigens, CD30 - A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that may play a role in the regulation of...

Antigens, CD31 - Cell adhesion molecules present on virtually all monocytes, platelets, and granulocytes. CD31 is hig...

Antigens, CD34 - Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecul...

Antigens, CD36 - Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; E...

Antigens, CD38 - A bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis and HYDROLYSIS of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from ...

Antigens, CD4 - 55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. C...

Antigens, CD40 - A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is f...

Antigens, CD43 - A sialic acid-rich protein and an integral cell membrane mucin. It plays an important role in activa...

Antigens, CD44 - Acidic sulfated integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in several alternatively spliced and varia...

Antigens, CD45 - High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopo...

Antigens, CD46 - A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves...

Antigens, CD47 - A ubiquitously expressed membrane glycoprotein. It interacts with a variety of INTEGRINS and mediate...

Antigens, CD5 - Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodie...

Antigens, CD55 - Glycoproteins broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD55 prevents the...

Antigens, CD56 - The 140 kDa isoform of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) containing a transmembrane domain and sh...

Antigens, CD57 - Oligosaccharide antigenic determinants found principally on NK cells and T-cells. Their role in the ...

Antigens, CD58 - Glycoproteins with a wide distribution on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and strongly exp...

Antigens, CD59 - Small glycoproteins found on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD59 restricts the cyto...

Antigens, CD7 - Differentiation antigens expressed on pluripotential hematopoietic cells, most human thymocytes, and...

Antigens, CD70 - A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds t...

Antigens, CD79 - A component of the B-cell antigen receptor that is involved in B-cell antigen receptor heavy chain t...

Antigens, CD8 - Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 anti...

Antigens, CD80 - The natural ligand for the T-cell antigen CD28; (ANTIGENS, CD28); mediating T- and B-cell adhesion. ...

Antigens, CD86 - A CD antigen that plays a role in T-lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 production. It is a c...

Antigens, CD95 - A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype found in a variety of tissues and on activated LYMPHOCYTES....

Antigens, CD98 - A heterodimeric protein that is a cell surface antigen associated with lymphocyte activation. The in...

Antigens, CD98 Heavy Chain - A transmembrane glycoprotein subunit that can dimerize with a variety of light chain subunits (ANTIG...

Antigens, CD98 Light Chains - A family of light chains that bind to the CD98 heavy chain (ANTIGENS, CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) to form a he...

Antigens, Dermatophagoides - Antigens from the house dust mites (DERMATOPHAGOIDES), mainly D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus. They ...

Antigens, Differentiation - Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation...

Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte - Membrane antigens associated with maturation stages of B-lymphocytes, often expressed in tumors of B...

Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic - Surface antigens expressed on myeloid cells of the granulocyte-monocyte-histiocyte series during dif...

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - Antigens expressed on the cell membrane of T-lymphocytes during differentiation, activation, and nor...

Antigens, Fungal - Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity....

Antigens, Helminth - Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helmint...

Antigens, Heterophile - Antigens stimulating the formation of, or combining with heterophile antibodies. They are cross-reac...

Antigens, Human Platelet - Human alloantigens expressed only on platelets, specifically on platelet membrane glycoproteins. The...

Antigens, Ly - A group of lymphocyte surface antigens located on mouse LYMPHOCYTES. Specific Ly antigens are useful...

Antigens, Neoplasm - Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identifi...

Antigens, Nuclear - Immunologically detectable substances found in the CELL NUCLEUS....

Antigens, Plant - Substances from PLANTS that have antigenic activity....

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming - Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is nece...

Antigens, Protozoan - Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome ...

Antigens, Surface - Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually pr...

Antigens, Thy-1 - A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-ly...

Antigens, T-Independent - Antigens which may directly stimulate B lymphocytes without the cooperation of T lymphocytes....

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate - Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measur...

Antigens, Viral - Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity....

Antigens, Viral, Tumor - Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; the...

Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease - An autoimmune disease of the KIDNEY and the LUNG. It is characterized by the presence of circulating...

Antigua and Barbuda - Islands in the Lesser Antilles, within the Leeward Islands. ANTIGUA, BARBUDA, and Redonda, an uninha...

Anti-HIV Agents - Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs us...

Antihypertensive Agents - Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological ...

Anti-Infective Agents - Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in o...

Anti-Infective Agents, Local - Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their act...

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary - Substances capable of killing agents causing urinary tract infections or of preventing them from spr...

Anti-Inflammatory Agents - Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION....

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - Anti-inflammatory agents that are not steroids. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have ...

Antilipemic Agents - Substances used to treat HYPERLIPIDEMIAS....

Antilymphocyte Serum - Serum containing GAMMA-GLOBULINS which are antibodies for lymphocyte ANTIGENS. It is used both as a ...

Antimalarials - Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action ag...

Antimanic Agents - Agents that are used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders....

Antimetabolites - Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere...

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic - Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy....

Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induce...

Antimitotic Agents - Agents that arrest cells in MITOSIS, most notably TUBULIN MODULATORS....

Antimony - A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is ...

Antimony Potassium Tartrate - A schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may...

Antimony Sodium Gluconate - Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentav...

Anti-Mullerian Hormone - A glycoprotein that causes regression of MULLERIAN DUCTS. It is produced by SERTOLI CELLS of the TES...

Antimutagenic Agents - Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced mutations independently of the me...

Antimycin A - An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and ...

Antinematodal Agents - Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterina...

Antineoplastic Agents - Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS....

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating - A class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunc...

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal - Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may ...

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity....

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. Th...

Antineoplastic Protocols - Clinical protocols used to inhibit the growth or spread of NEOPLASMS....

Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis - Group of systemic vasculitis with a strong association with ANCA. The disorders are characterized by...

Anti-Obesity Agents - Agents that increase energy expenditure and weight loss by neural and chemical regulation. Beta-adre...

Antioxidants - Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to w...

Antipain - An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor....

Antiparasitic Agents - Drugs used to treat or prevent parasitic infections....

Antiparkinson Agents - Agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used drugs act on the dopamin...

Antiperspirants - Agents that are put on the SKIN to reduce SWEATING or prevent excess sweating (HYPERHIDROSIS)....

Antiphospholipid Syndrome - The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condit...

Antiplatyhelmintic Agents - Agents used to treat cestode, trematode, or other flatworm infestations in man or animals....

Antiporters - Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the opposite direction a...

Antiprotozoal Agents - Substances that are destructive to protozoans....

Antipruritics - Agents, usually topical, that relieve itching (pruritus)....

Antipsychotic Agents - Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic ...

Antipyrine - An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used...

Anti-Retroviral Agents - Agents used to treat RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS....

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active - Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively suppress HIV replication. The reg...

Antirheumatic Agents - Drugs that are used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS....

Antirrhinum - A plant genus of the family SCROPHULARIACEAE. Members contain DEFICIENS PROTEIN....

Antisense Elements (Genetics) - Nucleic acids which hybridize to complementary sequences in other target nucleic acids causing the f...

Antisepsis - The destruction of germs causing disease....

Antisickling Agents - Agents used to prevent or reverse the pathological events leading to sickling of erythrocytes in sic...

Antisocial Personality Disorder - A personality disorder whose essential feature is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violatio...

Antispermatogenic Agents - Agents, either mechanical or chemical, which destroy spermatozoa in the male genitalia and block spe...

Antistatic Agents - Chemical compounds applied to materials to reduce their retention of an electrostatic charge....

Antistreptolysin - Antibodies specific to STREPTOLYSINS which indicate STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS....

Antithrombin III - A plasma alpha 2 glycoprotein that accounts for the major antithrombin activity of normal plasma and...

Antithrombin III Deficiency - An absence or reduced level of Antithrombin III leading to an increased risk for thrombosis....

Antithrombins - An endogenous family of proteins belonging to the serpin superfamily that neutralizes the action of ...

Antithyroid Agents - Agents that are used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the excessive production of thyroid hormon...

Antitoxins - Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against spec...

Antitreponemal Agents - Agents used to treat infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA. This includes SYPHILIS & YAWS....

Antitrichomonal Agents - Agents used to treat trichomonas infections....

Antitrust Laws - Those federal and state laws, and their enforcement, that protect trade and commerce from unlawful r...

Antitubercular Agents - Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" ag...

Antitussive Agents - Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also use...

Anti-Ulcer Agents - Various agents with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate PEPTIC ULCER or irritati...

Antivenins - Antisera used to counteract poisoning by animal VENOMS, especially SNAKE VENOMS....

Antiviral Agents - Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include p...

Antlers - The horn of an animal of the deer family, typically present only in the male. It differs from the HO...

Antley-Bixler Syndrome Phenotype - An inherited condition characterized by multiple malformations of CARTILAGE and bone including CRANI...

Antrodia - A genus of brown-rot fungi in the family Coriolaceae. The biologically active ingredients of its spe...

Ants - Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all th...

Anura - An order of the class Amphibia, which includes several families of frogs and toads. They are charact...

Anuria - Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstr...

Anus Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL....

Anus, Imperforate - A congenital abnormality characterized by the persistence of the anal membrane, resulting in a thin ...

Anxiety - Feeling or emotion of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY ...

Anxiety Disorders - Persistent and disabling ANXIETY....

Anxiety, Castration - Anxiety due to fantasized injuries to or loss of the genitals....

Anxiety, Separation - Anxiety experienced by an individual upon separation from a person or object of particular significa...

Aorta - The main trunk of the systemic arteries....

Aorta, Abdominal - The aorta from the DIAPHRAGM to the bifurcation into the right and left common iliac arteries....

Aorta, Thoracic - The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPH...

Aortic Aneurysm - An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA....

Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal - An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to t...

Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic - An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descend...

Aortic Arch Syndromes - Conditions resulting from abnormalities in the arteries branching from the ASCENDING AORTA, the curv...

Aortic Bodies - Small clusters of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the ARCH OF THE AORTA; the PULMON...

Aortic Coarctation - A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any ...

Aortic Diseases - Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA....

Aortic Rupture - The tearing or bursting of the wall along any portion of the AORTA, such as thoracic or abdominal. I...

Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular - A pathological constriction occurring in the region below the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by r...

Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular - A pathological constriction occurring in the region above the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by r...

Aortic Valve - The valve between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta which prevents backflow into the left v...

Aortic Valve Insufficiency - Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the...

Aortic Valve Prolapse - The downward displacement of the cuspal or pointed end of the trileaflet AORTIC VALVE causing misali...

Aortic Valve Stenosis - A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenos...

Aortitis - Inflammation of the wall of the AORTA....

Aortography - Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percu...

Aortopulmonary Septal Defect - A developmental abnormality in which the spiral (aortopulmonary) septum failed to completely divide ...

Aotidae - A family of the New World monkeys inhabiting the forests of South and Central America. There is a si...

Aotus trivirgatus - A species in the family AOTIDAE, inhabiting the forested regions of Central and South America (from ...

APACHE - An acronym for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, a scoring system using routinely coll...

Apamin - A highly neurotoxic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It consists of 18 ...

Apansporoblastina - A suborder of FUNGI in the phylum MICROSPORIDIA, commonly lacking a pansporoblastic membrane. The sp...

Apatites - A group of phosphate minerals that includes ten mineral species and has the general formula X5(YO4)3...

Apazone - An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric pro...

Ape Diseases - Diseases of chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans....

Apexification - Endodontic procedure performed to induce TOOTH APEX barrier development. ROOT CANAL FILLING MATERIAL...

Apgar Score - A method, developed by Dr. Virginia Apgar, to evaluate a newborn's adjustment to extrauterine life. ...

Aphakia - Absence of crystalline lens totally or partially from field of vision, from any cause except after c...

Aphakia, Postcataract - Absence of the crystalline lens resulting from cataract extraction....

Aphanizomenon - A form-genus of planktonic CYANOBACTERIA in the order Nostocales....

Aphanomyces - A genus of ALGAE in the family Saprolegniaceae. It causes root rot in plants and is also a pathogen ...

Aphasia - A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written ...

Aphasia, Broca - An aphasia characterized by impairment of expressive language (speech, writing, signs) and relative ...

Aphasia, Conduction - A type of fluent aphasia characterized by an impaired ability to repeat one and two word phrases, de...

Aphasia, Primary Progressive - A progressive form of dementia characterized by the global loss of language abilities and initial pr...

Aphasia, Wernicke - Impairment in the comprehension of speech and meaning of words, both spoken and written, and of the ...

Aphidicolin - An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growt...

Aphids - A family (Aphididae) of small insects, in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, that suck the juices of plant...

Aphonia - Complete loss of phonation due to organic disease of the larynx or to nonorganic (i.e., psychogenic)...

Aphorisms and Proverbs - Short memorable sayings in common use. They express in simple language an obvious truth, familiar ex...

Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic - Short popular sayings effectively expressing or astutely professing general truths or useful thought...

Aphrodisiacs - Chemical agents or odors that stimulate sexual desires. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Te...

Aphthovirus - A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE infecting mainly cloven-hoofed animals. They cause vesicular le...

Apiaceae - A large plant family in the order Apiales, also known as Umbelliferae. Most are aromatic herbs with...

Apicoectomy - Excision of the apical portion of a tooth through an opening made in the overlying labial, buccal, o...

Apicomplexa - A phylum of unicellular parasitic EUKARYOTES characterized by the presence of complex apical organel...

Apigenin - 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES....

Apitherapy - The medical use of honey bee products such as BEE VENOM; HONEY; bee pollen; PROPOLIS; and royal jell...

Apium graveolens - A plant species of the family APIACEAE. The stalks are a food source....

Aplysia - An opisthobranch mollusk of the order Anaspidea. It is used frequently in studies of nervous system ...

Apnea - A transient absence of spontaneous respiration....

Apocrine Glands - Large, branched, specialized sweat glands that empty into the upper portion of a HAIR FOLLICLE inste...

Apocynaceae - The dogbane plant family of the order Gentianales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. Members...

Apocynum - A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. It is rarely called Milkweed, but should not be confused wi...

Apoenzymes - The protein components of enzyme complexes (HOLOENZYMES). An apoenzyme is the holoenzyme minus any c...

Apoferritins - The protein components of ferritins. Apoferritins are shell-like structures containing nanocavities ...

Apolipoprotein A-I - The most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. This protein serves as an a...

Apolipoprotein A-II - The second most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. It has a high lipid ...

Apolipoprotein B-100 - A 513-kDa protein synthesized in the LIVER. It serves as the major structural protein of low-density...

Apolipoprotein B-48 - A 241-kDa protein synthesized only in the INTESTINES. It serves as a structural protein of CHYLOMICR...

Apolipoprotein C-I - A 6.6-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and...

Apolipoprotein C-II - A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. It contains a cofactor for LIPOPROTEIN L...

Apolipoprotein C-III - A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS. Apo C-III, synt...

Apolipoprotein E2 - One of three major isoforms of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E2 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at...

Apolipoprotein E3 - A 34-kDa glycosylated protein. A major and most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. Therefore, it is...

Apolipoprotein E4 - A major and the second most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E4 differs from APOLI...

Apolipoproteins - Protein components on the surface of LIPOPROTEINS. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lip...

Apolipoproteins A - Structural proteins of the alpha-lipoproteins (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS), including APOLIPOPROTEIN ...

Apolipoproteins B - Major structural proteins of triacylglycerol-rich LIPOPROTEINS. There are two forms, apolipoprotein ...

Apolipoproteins C - A group of apolipoproteins that can readily exchange among the various classes of lipoproteins (HDL;...

Apolipoproteins D - A glycoprotein component of HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS that transports small hydrophobic ligands incl...

Apolipoproteins E - A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPO...

Apomorphine - A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used fo...

Apoprotein(a) - A large and highly glycosylated protein constituent of LIPOPROTEIN (A). It has very little affinity ...

Apoproteins - The protein components of a number of complexes, such as enzymes (APOENZYMES), ferritin (APOFERRITIN...

Apoptosis - One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apopt...

Apoptosis Inducing Factor - A flavoprotein that functions as a powerful antioxidant in the MITOCHONDRIA and promotes APOPTOSIS w...

Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - A large group of proteins that control APOPTOSIS. This family of proteins includes many ONCOGENE PRO...

Apoptosomes - Multimeric protein complexes formed in the CYTOSOL that play a role in the activation of APOPTOSIS. ...

Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 - A CARD signaling adaptor protein that plays a role in the mitochondria-stimulated apoptosis (APOPTOS...

Aporphines - Dibenzoquinolines derived in plants from (S)-reticuline (BENZYLISOQUINOLINES)....

Appalachian Region - A geographical area of the United States with no definite boundaries but comprising northeastern Ala...

Appendectomy - Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. (Dorland, 28th ed)...

Appendiceal Neoplasms - Tumors or cancer of the APPENDIX....

Appendicitis - Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perfo...

Appendix - A worm-like blind tube extension from the CECUM....

Appetite - Natural recurring desire for food. Alterations may induced by APPETITE DEPRESSANTS or APPETITE STIMU...

Appetite Depressants - Agents that are used to decrease appetite....

Appetite Regulation - Physiologic mechanisms which regulate or control the appetite and food intake....

Appetite Stimulants - Agents that are used to stimulate appetite. These drugs are frequently used to treat anorexia associ...

Appetitive Behavior - Animal searching behavior. The variable introductory phase of an instinctive behavior pattern or seq...

Appointments and Schedules - The different methods of scheduling patient visits, appointment systems, individual or group appoint...

Apraxia, Ideomotor - A form of apraxia characterized by an acquired inability to carry out a complex motor activity despi...

Apraxias - A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills t...

Aprindine - A cardiac depressant used in arrhythmias....

Aprotinin - A single-chain polypeptide derived from bovine tissues consisting of 58 amino-acid residues. It is a...

Aptamers, Nucleotide - Nucleotide sequences, generated by iterative rounds of SELEX APTAMER TECHNIQUE, that bind to a targe...

Aptamers, Peptide - Peptide sequences, generated by iterative rounds of SELEX APTAMER TECHNIQUE, that bind to a target m...

Aptitude - The ability to acquire general or special types of knowledge or skill....

Aptitude Tests - Primarily non-verbal tests designed to predict an individual's future learning ability or performanc...

APUD Cells - Cells with the capacity to take up and decarboxylate the amine precursors DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE or ...

Apudoma - A general term collectively applied to tumors associated with the APUD CELLS series, irrespective of...

Apurinic Acid - Hydrolysate of DNA in which purine bases have been removed....

Apyrase - A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It ...

Aquabirnavirus - A genus of RNA viruses in the family BIRNAVIRIDAE infecting fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. It is t...

Aquaculture - Cultivation of natural faunal resources of water. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technica...

Aquaglyceroporins - A subgroup of aquaporins that transport WATER; GLYCEROL; and other small solutes across CELL MEMBRAN...

Aquaporin 1 - Aquaporin 1 forms a water-specific channel that is constitutively expressed at the PLASMA MEMBRANE o...

Aquaporin 2 - Aquaporin 2 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. The tr...

Aquaporin 3 - Aquaporin 3 is an aquaglyceroporin that is expressed in the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS and is constitut...

Aquaporin 4 - Aquaporin 4 is the major water-selective channel in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM of mammals....

Aquaporin 5 - Aquaporin 5 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed primarily in alveolar, tracheal, a...

Aquaporin 6 - Aquaporin 6 is an aquaglyceroporin that is found primarily in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. AQP6 protein ...

Aquaporins - A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES....

Aqueous Humor - The clear, watery fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It has a refract...

Aquifoliaceae - The holly plant family of the order Celastrales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida....

Aquilegia - A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE that contains aquiledine, isoaquiledine and cycloartane-ty...

Arab World - A historical and cultural entity dispersed across a wide geographical area under the administrative,...

Arabia - The great peninsula of southwest Asia comprising most of the present countries of the Middle East. I...

Arabidopsis - A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS...

Arabidopsis Proteins - Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely s...

Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate - A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nu...

Arabinofuranosyluracil - A pyrimidine nucleoside formed in the body by the deamination of CYTARABINE....

Arabinonucleosides - Nucleosides containing arabinose as their sugar moiety....

Arabinonucleotides - Nucleotides containing arabinose as their sugar moiety....

Arabis - A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE. Member species are ornamentals grown for their numerous sm...

Arabs - Members of a Semitic people inhabiting the Arabian peninsula or other countries of the Middle East a...

AraC Transcription Factor - A transcription factor found in BACTERIA that positively and negatively regulates the expression of ...

Araceae - A plant family of the order Arales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida (monocot). Many members cont...

Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 12-hydroperoxyarachidonate (12-H...

Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 15-hydroperoxyarachidonate (15-H...

Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 5-hydroperoxyarachidonate (5-HPE...

Arachidonate Lipoxygenases - Enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of arachidonic acid to hydroperoxyarachidonates. These products are...

Arachidonic Acid - An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, b...

Arachis hypogaea - A plant species of the family FABACEAE that yields edible seeds, the familiar peanuts, which contain...

Arachnid Vectors - Members of the class Arachnida, especially SPIDERS; SCORPIONS; MITES; and TICKS; which transmit infe...

Arachnida - A class of Arthropoda that includes SPIDERS; TICKS; MITES; and SCORPIONS....

Arachnidism - The effects, both local and systemic, caused by the bite of venomous SPIDERS....

Arachnodactyly - An abnormal bone development that is characterized by extra long and slender hands and fingers, such...

Arachnoid - A delicate membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. It lies between the PIA MATER and the DURA...

Arachnoid Cysts - Intracranial or spinal cavities containing a cerebrospinal-like fluid, the wall of which is composed...

Arachnoiditis - Acute or chronic inflammation of the arachnoid membrane of the meninges most often involving the spi...

Aralia - A plant genus in the family ARALIACEAE, order Apiales, subclass Rosidae. It includes Aralia californ...

Araliaceae - The ginseng plant family of the order Apiales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are gen...

Arbacia - A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Arbaciidae. They have only one spheridium (stalked body) per am...

Arbaprostil - A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promot...

Arbovirus Infections - Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified....

Arboviruses - Arthropod-borne viruses. A non-taxonomic designation for viruses that can replicate in both vertebra...

Arcanobacterium - A genus of facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria in the family ACTINOMYCETACEAE, order ACT...

Archaea - One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebact...

Archaeal Proteins - Proteins found in any species of archaeon....

Archaeal Viruses - Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA....

Archaeoglobales - An order of extremely thermophilic, sulfate-reducing archaea, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. The sing...

Archaeoglobus - A genus of extremely thermophilic, sulfate-reducing archaea, in the family Archaeoglobaceae....

Archaeoglobus fulgidus - A species of extremely thermophilic, sulfur-reducing archaea. It grows at a maximum temperature of 9...

Archaeology - The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc....

Archamoebae - A group (some say infraphylum) of AMOEBOZOA that lack mitochondria....

Architectural Accessibility - Designs for approaching areas inside or outside facilities....

Architectural Drawings - Works consisting of drawings of architecture and architectural projects, whether the project was exe...

Architecture as Topic - The art and science of designing buildings and structures. More generally, it is the design of the t...

Arcidae - A family of ark shell mollusks, in the class BIVALVIA. They have soft bodies with platelike GILLS en...

Arcobacter - A genus of gram-negative, aerotolerant, spiral-shaped bacteria isolated from water and associated wi...

Arctic Regions - The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of t...

Arctium - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Arctiin (LIGNANS) is in the seed....

Arctostaphylos - A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE....

Arcuate Nucleus - A nucleus located in the middle hypothalamus in the most ventral part of the third ventricle near th...

Arcus Senilis - A corneal disease in which there is a deposition of phospholipid and cholesterol in the corneal stro...

Ardisia - A plant genus of the family MYRSINACEAE. Members contain ardisiacrispins (oleanane triterpenoid sapo...

Area Health Education Centers - Education centers authorized by the Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act, 1971, for the traini...

Area Postrema - A small, rounded eminence on each side of the FOURTH VENTRICLE, which receives nerve fibers from the...

Area Under Curve - A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It i...

Areca - A plant genus of the family ARECACEAE. Members contain ARECOLINE and CATECHIN. The leaves and nuts h...

Arecaceae - The palm family of order Arecales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida....

Arecoline - An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at b...

Arenaria Plant - A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name of sandwort is used with other plants. ...

Arenaviridae - A family of RNA viruses naturally infecting rodents and consisting of one genus (ARENAVIRUS) with tw...

Arenaviridae Infections - Virus diseases caused by the ARENAVIRIDAE....

Arenavirus - The only genus in the family ARENAVIRIDAE. It contains two groups ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD and ARENAV...

Arenaviruses, New World - One of two groups of viruses in the ARENAVIRUS genus and considered part of the New World complex. I...

Arenaviruses, Old World - One of two groups of viruses in the ARENAVIRUS genus and considered part of the Old World complex. I...

Argas - A genus of softbacked TICKS in the family ARGASIDAE. Most infect birds or bats but a few parasitize ...

Argasidae - A family of softbacked TICKS, in the subclass ACARI. Genera include ARGAS and ORNITHODOROS among oth...

Argemone - A plant genus of the family PAPAVERACEAE that contains isoquinoline alkaloids....

Arginase - A ureahydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine or canavanine to yield L-ornithine (ORNITH...

Arginine - An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form....

Arginine Kinase - An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of the guanidine nitrogen of arginine in the presence o...

Arginine Vasopressin - The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE a...

Arginine-tRNA Ligase - An enzyme that activates arginine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.19....

Argininosuccinate Lyase - An enzyme of the urea cycle which splits argininosuccinate to fumarate plus arginine. Its absence le...

Argininosuccinate Synthase - An enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyzes the formation of argininosuccinic acid from citrulline an...

Argininosuccinic Acid - This amino acid is formed during the urea cycle from citrulline, aspartate and ATP. This reaction is...

Argininosuccinic Aciduria - Rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle which leads to the accumulation of argininosucci...

Argon - Argon. A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used...

Arguloida - An order of CRUSTACEA that are parasitic on freshwater fish....

Argyria - A permanent ashen-gray discoloration of the skin, conjunctiva, and internal organs resulting from lo...

Arisaema - A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. It has a stemless, tuberous root....

Aristolochia - A plant genus of the family ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Species of this genus have been used in traditional m...

Aristolochiaceae - A plant family of the order Aristolochiales subclass Magnoliidae class Magnoliopsida. They are most...

Aristolochic Acids - Nitro-phenanthrenes occurring in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE and other plants. They derive from stephanine (APO...

Arm - The superior part of the upper extremity between the SHOULDER and the ELBOW....

Arm Bones - The bones of the free part of the upper extremity including the HUMERUS; RADIUS; and ULNA....

Arm Injuries - General or unspecified injuries involving the arm....

Armadillo Domain Proteins - A family of proteins that contain several 42-amino acid repeat domains and are homologous to the Dro...

Armadillos - Burrowing, chiefly nocturnal mammals of the family Dasypodidae having bodies and heads encased in sm...

Armenia - An ancient country in western Asia, by the twentieth century divided among the former USSR, Turkey, ...

Armillaria - A genus of root and butt rot fungi in the family Tricholomataceae that produce rhizomorphs and are f...

Armin - A reversible organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It also affects the presynaptic membrane and...

Armoracia - A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE known for the root used in hot SPICES and is the source of ...

Arnica - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The dried flower heads of Arnica montana are used externally...

Arnold-Chiari Malformation - A group of congenital malformations involving the brainstem, cerebellum, upper spinal cord, and surr...

ARNTL Transcription Factors - Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins that play important roles in CIRCADIAN RHYT...

Aroclors - Industrial chemicals which have become widespread environmental pollutants. Each aroclor is a mixtur...

Aromatase - An enzyme that catalyzes the desaturation (aromatization) of the ring A of C19 androgens and convert...

Aromatase Inhibitors - Compounds that inhibit AROMATASE in order to reduce production of estrogenic steroid hormones....

Aromatherapy - The use of fragrances and essences from plants to affect or alter a person's mood or behavior and to...

Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases - An enzyme group with broad specificity. The enzymes decarboxylate a range of aromatic amino acids in...

Arousal - Cortical vigilance or readiness of tone, presumed to be in response to sensory stimulation via the r...

Arrestin - A 48-Kd protein of the outer segment of the retinal rods and a component of the phototransduction ca...

Arrestins - Regulatory proteins that down-regulate phosphorylated G-protein membrane receptors, including rod an...

Arrhythmia, Sinus - Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a gr...

Arrhythmias, Cardiac - Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrh...

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia - A congenital cardiomyopathy that is characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into...

Arsanilic Acid - An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It c...

Arsenamide - Proposed chemotherapeutic agent against filaria and trichomonas....

Arsenate Reductases - Oxidoreductases that specifically reduce arsenate ion to arsenite ion. Reduction of arsenate is a cr...

Arsenates - Inorganic or organic salts and esters of arsenic acid....

Arsenazo III - Metallochrome indicator that changes color when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological con...

Arsenic - A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throug...

Arsenic Poisoning - Disorders associated with acute or chronic exposure to compounds containing ARSENIC (ARSENICALS) whi...

Arsenicals - Inorganic or organic compounds that contain arsenic....

Arsenite Transporting ATPases - Efflux pumps that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump arsenite across a membrane. They are prim...

Arsenites - Inorganic salts or organic esters of arsenious acid....

Art Therapy - The use of art as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of neurological, mental, or behavioral diso...

Artemia - A genus of CRUSTACEA of the order ANOSTRACA, found in briny pools and lakes and often cultured for f...

Artemisia - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE with strong-smelling foliage. It is a source of SANTONIN and...

Artemisia absinthium - A plant species of the genus ARTEMISIA, family ASTERACEAE that has been used in ABSINTHE. The oil co...

Artemisia annua - A plant species of the genus ARTEMISIA, family ASTERACEAE. It is the source of the antimalarial arte...

Artemisinins - A group of SESQUITERPENES and their analogs that contain a peroxide group (PEROXIDES) within an oxep...

Arterial Occlusive Diseases - Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are cha...

Arteries - The vessels carrying blood away from the heart....

Arterio-Arterial Fistula - Abnormal communication between two ARTERIES that may result from injury or occur as a congenital abn...

Arterioles - The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries....

Arteriolosclerosis - Thickening of the walls of small ARTERIES or ARTERIOLES due to cell proliferation or HYALINE deposit...

Arteriosclerosis - Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classi...

Arteriosclerosis Obliterans - Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions...

Arteriovenous Anastomosis - A vessel that directly interconnects an artery and a vein, and that acts as a shunt to bypass the ca...

Arteriovenous Fistula - An abnormal direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIE...

Arteriovenous Malformations - Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing th...

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical - Surgical shunt allowing direct passage of blood from an artery to a vein. (From Dorland, 28th ed)...

Arteritis - INFLAMMATION of any ARTERIES....

Arteritis Virus, Equine - The type species of the genus ARTERIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of an important equine respiratory...

Arteriviridae - A family of viruses, of the order NIDOVIRALES, containing spherical virions. In contrast to CORONAVI...

Arterivirus - A genus of the family ARTERIVIRIDAE, in the order NIDOVIRALES. The type species is ARTERITIS VIRUS, ...

Arterivirus Infections - Infections caused by viruses of the genus ARTERIVIRUS....

Arthralgia - Pain in the joint....

Arthritis, Experimental - ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. Immunological methods and infectious agents can b...

Arthritis, Gouty - Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipit...

Arthritis, Infectious - Arthritis caused by BACTERIA; RICKETTSIA; MYCOPLASMA; VIRUSES; FUNGI; or PARASITES....

Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid - Rheumatoid arthritis of children occurring in three major subtypes defined by the symptoms present d...

Arthritis, Psoriatic - A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the...

Arthritis, Reactive - An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most...

Arthritis, Rheumatoid - A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial ...

Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine - A species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus ovine-caprine lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, OVINE-CAPRINE), closely ...

Arthrobacter - A genus of asporogenous bacteria isolated from soil that displays a distinctive rod-coccus growth cy...

Arthrodermataceae - A family of ascomycetous fungi, order Onygenales, characterized by smooth ascospores. Genera in the ...

Arthrodesis - The surgical fixation of a joint by a procedure designed to accomplish fusion of the joint surfaces ...

Arthrography - Roentgenography of a joint, usually after injection of either positive or negative contrast medium....

Arthrogryposis - Persistent flexure or contracture of a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Arthrometry, Articular - Measurements of joint flexibility (RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR), usually by employing an angle-measur...

Arthropathy, Neurogenic - Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic...

Arthroplasty - Surgical reconstruction of a joint to relieve pain or restore motion....

Arthroplasty, Replacement - Partial or total replacement of a joint....

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Finger - Partial or total replacement of one or more FINGERS, or a FINGER JOINT....

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip - Replacement of the hip joint....

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee - Replacement of the knee joint....

Arthroplasty, Subchondral - Surgical techniques used to correct or augment healing of chondral defects in the joints (CARTILAGE,...

Arthropod Vectors - Arthropods, other than insects and arachnids, which transmit infective organisms from one host to an...

Arthropod Venoms - Venoms from animals of the phylum Arthropoda. Those most investigated are from scorpions and spiders...

Arthropods - Members of the phylum Arthropoda of the animal kingdom, composed of organisms having a hard, jointed...

Arthroscopes - Endoscopes for visualizing the interior of a joint....

Arthroscopy - Endoscopic examination, therapy and surgery of the joint....

Arthus Reaction - A dermal inflammatory reaction produced under conditions of antibody excess, when a second injection...

Articulation Disorders - Disorders of the quality of speech characterized by the substitution, omission, distortion, and addi...

Artifacts - Any visible result of a procedure which is caused by the procedure itself and not by the entity bein...

Artificial Gene Fusion - The in vitro fusion of GENES by RECOMBINANT DNA techniques to analyze protein behavior or GENE EXPRE...

Artificial Intelligence - The study and implementation of techniques and methods for designing computer systems to perform fun...

Artificial Limbs - Prosthetic replacements for arms, legs, and parts thereof....

Artificial Organs - Devices intended to replace non-functioning organs. They may be temporary or permanent. Since they a...

Artocarpus - A plant genus of the family MORACEAE. Puag-haad extract, from A. lakoocha, contains STILBENES and re...

Arum - A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. The name derived from ar (fire in Arabic) due to the irritating...

Arvicolinae - A subfamily of MURIDAE found nearly world-wide and consisting of about 20 genera. Voles, lemmings, a...

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases - A large group of cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) monooxygenases that complex with NAD(P)H-FLAVIN OX...

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator - Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator is a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF containing protein ...

Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase - An acetyltransferase with specificity towards the amine group of aromatic alkylamines (arylalkylamin...

Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL-COA to arylamines. It can also ca...

Aryldialkylphosphatase - An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of an aryl-dialkyl phosphate to form dialkyl phosphate and ...

Arylformamidase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of N-formyl-L-kynurenine and water to formate and L-kynureni...

Arylsulfatases - Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a phenol sulfate to yield a phenol and sulfate. Arylsulfatas...

Arylsulfonates - Organic sulfonic acid esters or salts which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical....

Arylsulfonic Acids - Organic sulfonic acid derivatives which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical....

Arylsulfotransferase - A sulfotransferase that catalyzes the sulfation of a phenol in the presence of 3'-phosphoadenylylsul...

Arytenoid Cartilage - One of a pair of small pyramidal cartilages that articulate with the lamina of the CRICOID CARTILAGE...

Asarum - A plant genus of the family ARISTOLOCHIACEAE which was used medicinally by North American Indians. ...

Asbestos - Asbestos. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without ...

Asbestos, Amosite - Asbestos, grunerite. A monoclinic amphibole form of asbestos having long fibers and a high iron cont...

Asbestos, Amphibole - A class of asbestos that includes silicates of magnesium, iron, calcium, and sodium. The fibers are ...

Asbestos, Crocidolite - A lavender, acid-resistant asbestos....

Asbestos, Serpentine - A type of asbestos that occurs in nature as the dihydrate of magnesium silicate. It exists in two fo...

Asbestosis - A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory re...

Ascariasis - Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumon...

Ascaridia - A genus of nematode worms in the superfamily Heterakoidea. A. galli and A. lineata are important int...

Ascaridiasis - Infection with nematodes of the genus ASCARIDIA. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manife...

Ascaridida - An order of nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA. Its organisms possess two or three pairs of dorso...

Ascaridida Infections - Infections with nematodes of the order ASCARIDIDA....

Ascaridoidea - A superfamily of polymyarian nematode worms. An important characteristic of this group is the presen...

Ascaris - A genus of nematodes of the superfamily ASCARIDOIDEA whose species usually inhabit the intestine....

Ascaris lumbricoides - A species of parasitic nematode that is the largest found in the human intestine. Its distribution i...

Ascaris suum - A species of parasitic nematode usually found in domestic pigs and a few other animals. Human infect...

Ascites - Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity....

Ascitic Fluid - The serous fluid of ASCITES, the accumulation of fluids in the PERITONEAL CAVITY....

Asclepiadaceae - The milkweed plant family of the order Gentianales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. It inc...

Asclepias - A plant genus of the family ASCLEPIADACEAE. This is the true milkweed; APOCYNUM & EUPHORBIA hirta ar...

Ascomycota - A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterize...

Ascophyllum - A BROWN ALGAE closely related to FUCUS. It is found attached to rocks and boulders on the middle sho...

Ascorbate Oxidase - An enzyme that converts ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid. EC 1.10.3.3....

Ascorbic Acid - A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables...

Ascorbic Acid Deficiency - A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, leth...

Ascoviridae - A family of insect viruses causing disease in lepidopterous larvae, most commonly from species of th...

Asepsis - The prevention of access by infecting organisms to the locus of potential infection....

Asfarviridae - A family of double-stranded DNA viruses containing one genus Asfivirus. It is the source of AFRICAN ...

Asia - The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as...

Asia, Central - The geographical area of Asia comprising KAZAKHSTAN; KYRGYZSTAN; TAJIKISTAN; TURKMENISTAN; and UZBEK...

Asia, Southeastern - The geographical area of Asia comprising BORNEO; BRUNEI; CAMBODIA; INDONESIA; LAOS; MALAYSIA; the ME...

Asia, Western - The geographical designation for the countries of the MIDDLE EAST and the countries BANGLADESH; BHUT...

Asialoglycoprotein Receptor - A C-type lectin that is a cell surface receptor for ASIALOGLYCOPROTEINS. It is found primarily in th...

Asialoglycoproteins - Endogenous glycoproteins from which SIALIC ACID has been removed by the action of sialidases. They b...

Asian Americans - Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, S...

Asian Continental Ancestry Group - Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Asia....

Asimina - A plant genus of the family ANNONACEAE. It has edible fruit and seeds which contain asitrocin, asitr...

Aspalathus - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. It is the source of an herbal tea that is commonly consumed in...

Asparaginase - A hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1....

Asparagine - A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and ...

Asparagus Plant - A plant genus in the family LILIACEAE (sometimes placed in Asparagaceae) that contains ECDYSTEROIDS ...

Aspartame - Flavoring agent sweeter than sugar, metabolized as PHENYLALANINE and ASPARTIC ACID....

Aspartate Aminotransferase, Cytoplasmic - An aspartate aminotransferase found in the CYTOPLASM....

Aspartate Aminotransferase, Mitochondrial - An aspartate aminotransferase found in MITOCHONDRIA....

Aspartate Aminotransferases - Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to ...

Aspartate Ammonia-Lyase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of aspartic acid to ammonia and fumaric acid in plants and s...

Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate to yield orthophospha...

Aspartate Kinase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of beta-aspartyl phosphate from aspartic acid and ATP. Threon...

Aspartate-Ammonia Ligase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of asparagine from ammonia and aspartic acid, in the presence...

Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde, orthophosphate, and NADP+ to ...

Aspartate-tRNA Ligase - An enzyme that activates aspartic acid with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.12....

Aspartic Acid - One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and pl...

Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases - A sub-subclass of endopeptidases that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity....

Aspartic Acid Proteases - A subclass of peptide hydrolases that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity....

Aspartokinase Homoserine Dehydrogenase - An enzyme complex consisting of aspartokinase, EC 2.7.2.4, and homoserine dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.3....

Aspartylglucosaminuria - A recessively inherited, progressive lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of GLYCOSYLASP...

Aspartylglucosylaminase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine and wate...

Asperger Syndrome - A childhood disorder predominately affecting boys and similar to autism (AUTISTIC DISORDER). It is c...

Aspergillosis - Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS....

Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary - Hypersensitivity reaction (ALLERGIC REACTION) to fungus ASPERGILLUS in an individual with long-stand...

Aspergillus - A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the fam...

Aspergillus flavus - A species of imperfect fungi which grows on peanuts and other plants and produces the carcinogenic s...

Aspergillus fumigatus - A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic fumigatin is obtained. Its spores may cause r...

Aspergillus nidulans - A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic nidulin is obtained. Its teleomorph is Emeric...

Aspergillus niger - An imperfect fungus causing smut or black mold of several fruits, vegetables, etc....

Aspergillus ochraceus - An imperfect fungus that produces ochratoxins and contaminates cereals and coffee beans....

Aspergillus oryzae - An imperfect fungus present on most agricultural seeds and often responsible for the spoilage of see...

Aspermia - A condition characterized by the complete absence of SEMEN. This disorder should be differentiated f...

Asphyxia - A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of li...

Asphyxia Neonatorum - Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Aspidosperma - A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. It contains ellipticine....

Aspirations (Psychology) - Strong desires to accomplish something. This usually pertains to greater values or high ideals....

Aspirin - The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory ...

Assertiveness - Strongly insistent, self-assured, and demanding behavior....

Assisted Circulation - Pumping that aids the natural activity of the heart. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Assisted Living Facilities - A housing and health care alternative combining independence with personal care. It provides a combi...

Association - A functional relationship between psychological phenomena of such nature that the presence of one te...

Association Learning - The principle that items experienced together enter into a connection, so that one tends to reinstat...

Astacoidea - A superfamily of various freshwater CRUSTACEA, in the infraorder Astacidea, comprising the crayfish....

Astatine - Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. ...

Astemizole - A long-acting, non-sedative antihistaminic used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, asth...

Aster Plant - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. This plant should not be confused with microtubule asters (...

Asteraceae - A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is ...

Asterias - A genus of STARFISH in the family Asteriidae. One species, Asterias rubens, is the most common in th...

Asterina - A genus of STARFISH in the family Asterinidae. They externally hold developing embryos (EMBRYO, NON-...

Asthenia - Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy....

Asthenopia - Term generally used to describe complaints related to refractive error, ocular muscle imbalance, inc...

Asthenozoospermia - A condition in which the percentage of progressively motile sperm is abnormally low. In men, it is d...

Asthma - A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATOR...

Asthma, Aspirin-Induced - Asthmatic adverse reaction (e.g., BRONCHOCONSTRICTION) to conventional NSAIDS including aspirin use....

Asthma, Exercise-Induced - Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regress...

Astigmatism - Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brou...

Astragalus gummifer - Astragalus gummifer Labill. is the source of gum TRAGACANTH....

Astragalus membranaceus - A plant species of the Astragalus genus which is source of Huang qi preparation used in TRADITIONAL ...

Astragalus Plant - A plant genus in the family FABACEAE, subfamily Papilionaceae, order Fabales, subclass Rosidae. Many...

Astringents - Agents, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues for the control of bleeding or secret...

Astrocytes - A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most ...

Astrocytoma - Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benig...

Astronauts - Members of spacecraft crew including those who travel in space, and those in training for space flig...

Astronomical Objects - Aggregates of matter in outer space....

Astronomical Phenomena - Aggregates of matter in outer space, such as stars, planets, comets, etc. and the properties and pro...

Astronomical Processes - The behavior and interactions of matter and energy in outer space....

Astronomy - The science concerned with celestial bodies and the observation and interpretation of the radiation ...

Astroviridae - A family of RNA viruses with two genera: MAMASTROVIRUS and AVASTROVIRUS. They cause GASTROENTERITIS ...

Astroviridae Infections - Infections with ASTROVIRUS, causing gastroenteritis in human infants, calves, lambs, and piglets....

AT Rich Sequence - A nucleic acid sequence that contains an above average number of ADENINE and THYMINE bases....

Atadenovirus - A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that comprises viruses of several species of MAMMALS and BIRDS. The type spe...

Ataxia - Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may af...

Ataxia Telangiectasia - An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, p...

Atelidae - A family of New World Monkeys in the infraorder PLATYRRHINI, comprising two subfamilies: ALOUATTINAE...

Atelinae - A subfamily in the family ATELIDAE, comprising three genera: woolly monkeys (Lagothrix), spider monk...

Atenolol - A cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, ...

Atherectomy - Endovascular procedure in which atheromatous plaque is excised by a cutting or rotating catheter. It...

Atherectomy, Coronary - Percutaneous transluminal procedure for removing atheromatous plaque from the coronary arteries. Bot...

Atherosclerosis - Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of medium and large muscular ARTERIES with lesions in...

Athetosis - A dyskinesia characterized by an inability to maintain the fingers, toes, tongue, or other body part...

Athletes - Individuals who have developed skills, physical stamina and strength or participants in SPORTS or ot...

Athletic Injuries - Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports....

Athletic Performance - Carrying out of specific physical routines or procedures by one who is trained or skilled in physica...

Athletic Tape - Adhesive tape with the mechanical strength to resist stretching. It is applied to the skin to suppor...

AT-Hook Motifs - DNA-binding motifs, first described in one of the HMGA PROTEINS: HMG-I(Y) PROTEIN. They consist of p...

Atlantic Islands - Widely scattered islands in the Atlantic Ocean as far north as the AZORES and as far south as the So...

Atlanto-Axial Joint - The joint involving the CERVICAL ATLAS and axis bones....

Atlases - Works consisting of collections of illustrative plates, charts, etc., usually with explanatory capti...

Atlases as Topic - Collections of illustrative plates, charts, etc., usually with explanatory captions....

Atmosphere - The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary,...

Atmospheric Pressure - The pressure at any point in an atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases above t...

Atovaquone - A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols....

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase - An enzyme that, in the presence of ATP and COENZYME A, catalyzes the cleavage of citrate to yield ac...

ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase - An enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the pathway for histidine biosynthesis in Salmonella typh...

ATP Synthetase Complexes - Multisubunit enzyme complexes that synthesize ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE from energy sources such as ion...

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - A family of MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that require ATP hydrolysis for the transport of substrates ...

ATP-Dependent Endopeptidases - Endoproteases that contain proteolytic core domains and ATPase-containing regulatory domains....

ATP-Dependent Proteases - Proteases that contain proteolytic core domains and ATPase-containing regulatory domains. They are u...

Atractylis - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain ATRACTYLOSIDE which inhibits ADENINE NUCLEOT...

Atractylodes - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain hinesol and atractylon. Atractylodes rhizome...

Atractyloside - A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera ...

Atracurium - A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significa...

Atrazine - A selective triazine herbicide. Inhalation hazard is low and there are no apparent skin manifestatio...

Atrial Appendage - Ear-shaped appendage of either atrium of the heart. (Dorland, 28th ed)...

Atrial Fibrillation - Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses ...

Atrial Flutter - Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right...

Atrial Function - The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the HEART ATRIA....

Atrial Function, Left - The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the LEFT ATRIUM....

Atrial Function, Right - The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the RIGHT ATRIUM....

Atrial Myosins - Myosin type II isoforms specifically found in the atrial muscle of the heart....

Atrial Natriuretic Factor - A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEP...

Atrial Premature Complexes - A type of cardiac arrhythmia with premature atrial contractions or beats caused by signals originati...

Atrial Septum - The thin membrane-like muscular structure separating the right and the left upper chambers (HEART AT...

Atrioventricular Block - Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or compl...

Atrioventricular Node - A small nodular mass of specialized muscle fibers located in the interatrial septum near the opening...

Atriplex - A plant genus in the CHENOPODIACEAE family....

Atropa - A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE which contain SOLANACEOUS ALKALOIDS including ATROPINE which ...

Atropa belladonna - A plant species of the genus ATROPA, family SOLANACEAE that contains ATROPINE; SCOPOLAMINE; BELLADON...

Atrophy - Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of path...

Atropine - An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE....

Atropine Derivatives - Analogs and derivatives of atropine....

Attachment Sites, Microbiological - Specific loci on both the bacterial DNA (attB) and the phage DNA (attP) which delineate the sites wh...

Attention - Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heedi...

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmen...

Attentional Blink - Temporary visual deficit or impaired visual processing occurring in a rapid serial visual presentati...

Attitude - An enduring, learned predisposition to behave in a consistent way toward a given class of objects, o...

Attitude of Health Personnel - Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, e...

Attitude to Computers - The attitude and behavior associated with an individual using the computer....

Attitude to Death - Conceptual response of the person to the various aspects of death, which are based on individual psy...

Attitude to Health - Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system....

Atypical Bacterial Forms - Microorganisms that have undergone greater changes than normal in morphology, physiology, or cultura...

Audiology - The study of hearing and hearing impairment....

Audiometry - The testing of the acuity of the sense of hearing to determine the thresholds of the lowest intensit...

Audiometry, Evoked Response - A form of electrophysiologic audiometry in which an analog computer is included in the circuit to av...

Audiometry, Pure-Tone - Measurement of hearing based on the use of pure tones of various frequencies and intensities as audi...

Audiometry, Speech - Measurement of the ability to hear speech under various conditions of intensity and noise interferen...

Audiovisual Aids - Auditory and visual instructional materials....

Auditory Brain Stem Implantation - Surgical insertion of an electronic hearing device (AUDITORY BRAIN STEM IMPLANTS) with electrodes to...

Auditory Brain Stem Implants - Multi-channel hearing devices typically used for patients who have tumors on the COCHLEAR NERVE and ...

Auditory Cortex - Area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing....

Auditory Diseases, Central - Disorders of hearing or auditory perception due to pathological processes of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS i...

Auditory Fatigue - Loss of sensitivity to sounds as a result of auditory stimulation, manifesting as a temporary shift ...

Auditory Perception - The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted by the organism....

Auditory Perceptual Disorders - Acquired or developmental cognitive disorders of AUDITORY PERCEPTION characterized by a reduced abil...

Auditory Threshold - The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch....

Auranofin - An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of ac...

Auriculotherapy - Treatment of pain, drug addictions, or other ailments by stimulating the various points on the exter...

Aurintricarboxylic Acid - A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a r...

Aurodox - Antibiotic obtained from a Streptomyces variant considered as possibly effective against Streptococc...

Aurothioglucose - A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals....

Aurovertins - Very toxic and complex pyrone derivatives from the fungus Calcarisporium arbuscula. They bind to and...

Auscultation - Act of listening for sounds within the body....

Australasia - Australia, New Zealand and neighboring islands in the South Pacific Ocean. (Random House Unabridged ...

Australia - The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its ca...

Australian Capital Territory - A territory of Australia consisting of Canberra, the national capital and surrounding land. It lies ...

Austria-Hungary - A dual monarchy formed in 1867. It included AUSTRIA; HUNGARY; CZECHOSLOVAKIA; Moravia, Bukovina, Tra...

Autacoids - A chemically diverse group of substances produced by various tissues in the body that cause slow con...

Authoritarianism - The personality pattern or syndrome consisting of behavioral and attitudinal characteristics reflect...

Authorship - The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production....

Autistic Disorder - A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired dev...

Autoantibodies - Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them....

Autoantigens - Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an im...

Autobiography - The life of a person written by himself or herself. (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)...

Autocrine Communication - Mode of communication wherein a bound hormone affects the function of the cell type that produced th...

Autocrine Motility Factor - A protein cytokine secreted by tumor cells. It elicits increases in cell motility and phosphoinositi...

Autoexperimentation - Intentionally using oneself as a research subject....

Autogenic Training - Technique based on muscle relaxation during self-hypnotic exercises. It is used in conjunction with ...

Autoimmune Diseases - Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or imm...

Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System - Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system a...

Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome - Rare congenital lymphoid disorder due to mutations in certain Fas-Fas ligand pathway genes. Known ca...

Autoimmunity - Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or...

Autolysis - The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes....

Automatic Data Processing - Data processing largely performed by automatic means....

Automation - Controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices that ta...

Automation, Laboratory - Controlled operations of analytic or diagnostic processes, or systems by mechanical or electronic de...

Automatism - Automatic, mechanical, and apparently undirected behavior which is outside of conscious control....

Automobile Driver Examination - Government required written and driving test given to individuals prior to obtaining an operator's l...

Automobile Driving - The effect of environmental or physiological factors on the driver and driving ability. Included are...

Automobiles - A usually four-wheeled automotive vehicle designed for passenger transportation and commonly propell...

Autonomic Agents - Agents affecting the function of, or mimicking the actions of, the autonomic nervous system and ther...

Autonomic Denervation - The removal or interruption of some part of the autonomic nervous system for therapeutic or research...

Autonomic Dysreflexia - A syndrome associated with damage to the spinal cord above the mid thoracic level (see SPINAL CORD I...

Autonomic Fibers, Postganglionic - Nerve fibers which project from cell bodies of autonomic ganglia to synapses on target organs....

Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic - Nerve fibers which project from the central nervous system to autonomic ganglia. In the sympathetic ...

Autonomic Nerve Block - Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four leve...

Autonomic Nervous System - The enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous systems taken together. Generally speaking, th...

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases - Diseases of the parasympathetic or sympathetic divisions of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; which has ...

Autonomic Pathways - Nerves and plexuses of the autonomic nervous system. The central nervous system structures which reg...

Autophagy - The segregation and degradation of damaged or unwanted cytoplasmic constituents by autophagic vacuol...

Autopsy - Postmortem examination of the body....

Autoradiography - The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation...

Autoreceptors - Transmitter receptors on or near presynaptic terminals (or varicosities) which are sensitive to the ...

Autosuggestion - Suggestion coming from the subject himself....

Autotrophic Processes - The processes by which organisms use simple inorganic substances such as gaseous or dissolved carbon...

Autovaccines - Bacterial vaccines prepared from non-pathogenic, autologous bacteria of human origin. In Eastern Eur...

Auxilins - A family of proteins that play a role as cofactors in the process of CLATHRIN recycling in cells....

Avalanches - Mass of snow and/or ice falling down a mountain or incline....

Avastrovirus - A genus of ASTROVIRIDAE infecting avian species and often involving extra-intestinal manifestations....

Avena sativa - A plant species of the family POACEAE that is widely cultivated for its edible seeds....

Aversive Therapy - A treatment that suppresses undesirable behavior by simultaneously exposing the subject to unpleasan...

Aviadenovirus - A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that infects birds. The type species is FOWL ADENOVIRUS A....

Avian Leukosis - A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most form...

Avian leukosis virus - The type species of ALPHARETROVIRUS producing latent or manifest lymphoid leukosis in fowl....

Avian myeloblastosis virus - A species of ALPHARETROVIRUS causing anemia in fowl....

Avian Proteins - Proteins obtained from species of BIRDS....

Avian Sarcoma Viruses - Group of alpharetroviruses (ALPHARETROVIRUS) producing sarcomata and other tumors in chickens and ot...

Aviation - Design, development, manufacture, and operation of heavier-than-air AIRCRAFT....

Avibirnavirus - A genus of RNA viruses in the family BIRNAVIRIDAE infecting birds. It is transmitted horizontally wi...

Avicennia - A plant genus of the family VERBENACEAE. Members contain NAPHTHOQUINONES....

Avidin - A specific protein in egg albumin that interacts with BIOTIN to render it unavailable to mammals, th...

Avihepadnavirus - A genus of HEPADNAVIRIDAE infecting birds but rarely causing clinical problems. Transmission is pred...

Avipoxvirus - A genus of the family POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE, comprising bird poxviruses. The type s...

Avitaminosis - A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)...

Avoidance Learning - A response to a cue that is instrumental in avoiding a noxious experience....

Avulavirus - A genus in the subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE, family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE, causing disease in domestic fowl. ...

Avulavirus Infections - Infections with viruses of the genus AVULAVIRUS, family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes NEWCASTLE DIS...

Awareness - The act of "taking account" of an object or state of affairs. It does not imply assessment of nor at...

Axillary Artery - The continuation of the subclavian artery; it distributes over the upper limb, axilla, chest and sho...

Axillary Vein - The venous trunk of the upper limb; a continuation of the basilar and brachial veins running from th...

Axinella - A genus of SPONGES in the family Axinellidae, comprised of a choanosomal skeleton differentiated in ...

Axonal Transport - The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterogr...

Axonemal Dyneins - Dyneins that are responsible for ciliary and flagellar beating....

Axoneme - A bundle of MICROTUBULES and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS forming the core of each CILIUM or FLAG...

Axons - Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body....

Axotomy - Transection or severing of an axon. This type of denervation is used often in experimental studies o...

Azabicyclo Compounds - Bicyclic bridged compounds that contain a nitrogen which has three bonds. The nomenclature indicates...

Azacitidine - A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an ...

Azacosterol - Diaza derivative of cholesterol which acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reducta...

Azadirachta - A plant genus of the family MELIACEAE. Members contain azadirachtin A (a limonoid commonly referred ...

Azaguanine - One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite a...

Azaperone - A butyrophenone used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES....

Azaserine - Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activ...

Azasteroids - Steroidal compounds in which one or more carbon atoms in the steroid ring system have been substitut...

Azathioprine - An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the t...

Azauridine - A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosyn...

Azepines - Seven membered heterocyclic rings containing a NITROGEN atom....

Azetidinecarboxylic Acid - A proline analog that acts as a stoichiometric replacement of proline. It causes the production of ...

Azides - Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group....

Azinphosmethyl - An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecti...

Aziridines - Saturated azacyclopropane compounds. They include compounds with substitutions on CARBON or NITROGEN...

Azirines - Unsaturated azacyclopropane compounds that are three-membered heterocycles of a nitrogen and two car...

Azithromycin - A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the ...

Azlocillin - A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin....

Azoarcus - A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria including species which are often associa...

Azoles - Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom....

Azoospermia - A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN)....

Azores - A group of nine islands and several islets belonging to Portugal in the north Atlantic Ocean off the...

Azorhizobium - A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped, obligate aerobes which are motile by peritrichous flagella on ...

Azorhizobium caulinodans - A species of AZORHIZOBIUM which forms nodules on the roots of the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata....

Azospirillum - A genus of gram-negative aerobic bacteria that occurs free-living in the soil or associated with the...

Azospirillum brasilense - A species of motile, free-living, gram-negative bacteria that occur in the soil. They are aerobic or...

Azospirillum lipoferum - A species of gram-negative to gram-variable, nitrogen-fixing bacteria. They are free-living in SOIL ...

Azotemia - A biochemical abnormality referring to an elevation of BLOOD UREA NITROGEN and CREATININE. Azotemia ...

Azotobacter - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria found in soil and water. Its organisms occur singly, in p...

Azotobacter vinelandii - A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria first isolated from soil in Vineland, New Jersey. Ammon...

Azoxymethane - A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinom...

Aztreonam - A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resist...

Azulenes - Compounds based on a seven-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring. Heat can rearrange them to N...

Azure Stains - PHENOTHIAZINES with an amino group at the 3-position that are green crystals or powder. They are use...

Azurin - A bacterial protein from Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes which operates as an electron trans...

Azygos Vein - A vein which arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through...

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