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Manufactured Materials

Categorical breakdown of terms falling inder the category of Manufactured Materials. Sub categories will become more specific in nature to the terms listed for Manufactured Materials.

Sub-Categories

Terms

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride - A sodium fluoride solution, paste or powder, which has been acidulated to pH 3 to 4 and buffered wit...

Adhesives - Substances that cause the adherence of two surfaces. They include glues (properly collagen-derived a...

Air Bags - Automotive safety devices consisting of a bag designed to inflate upon collision and prevent passeng...

Alloys - A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying pro...

Biocompatible Materials - Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUE...

Biological Warfare Agents - Living organisms or their toxic products that are used to cause disease or death of humans during wa...

Biomedical and Dental Materials - Substances used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for their physical, as opposed to chemical...

Biomimetic Materials - Materials fabricated by BIOMIMETICS techniques, i.e., based on natural processes found in biological...

Biopolymers - Polymers synthesized by living organisms. They play a role in the formation of macromolecular struct...

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate - The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exp...

Bombs - A weapon designed to explode when deployed. It frequently refers to a hollow case filled with EXPLOS...

Bone Cements - Adhesives used to fix prosthetic devices to bones and to cement bone to bone in difficult fractures....

Bone Substitutes - Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue...

Bucrylate - Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive also used to occlude blood vessels supplying neoplastic or other disea...

Cariogenic Agents - Substances that promote DENTAL CARIES....

Cariostatic Agents - Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4...

Cellophane - A generic name for film produced from wood pulp by the viscose process. It is a thin, transparent sh...

Cellulose - A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fi...

Ceramics - Products made by baking or firing nonmetallic minerals (clay and similar materials). In making denta...

Cermet Cements - Fluoride-releasing restorative materials made by the sintering of metal (usually silver) particles t...

Cetomacrogol - Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying ...

Chemical Warfare Agents - Chemicals that are used to cause the disturbance, disease, or death of humans during war....

Child Restraint Systems - Devices used to protect and restrain infant and child automotive passengers....

Cholestyramine Resin - A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium ...

Chromium Alloys - Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cob...

Coated Materials, Biocompatible - Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, the...

Colestipol - Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also m...

Collodion - A nitrocellulose solution in ether and alcohol. Collodion has a wide range of uses in industry inclu...

Compomers - Composite materials composed of an ion-leachable glass embedded in a polymeric matrix. They differ f...

Composite Resins - Synthetic resins, containing an inert filler, that are widely used in dentistry....

Cyanoacrylates - A group of compounds having the general formula CH2=C(CN)-COOR; it polymerizes on contact with moist...

Dendrimers - Tree-like, highly branched, polymeric compounds. They grow three-dimensionally by the addition of sh...

Dental Alloys - A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying pro...

Dental Amalgam - An alloy used in restorative dentistry that contains mercury, silver, tin, copper, and possibly zinc...

Dental Casting Investment - Material from which the casting mold is made in the fabrication of gold or cobalt-chromium castings....

Dental Cements - Substances used to bond COMPOSITE RESINS to DENTAL ENAMEL and DENTIN. These bonding or luting agents...

Dental Implants - Biocompatible materials placed into (endosseous) or onto (subperiosteal) the jawbone to support a cr...

Dental Impression Materials - Substances used to create an impression, or negative reproduction, of the teeth and dental arches. T...

Dental Materials - Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc....

Dental Porcelain - A type of porcelain used in dental restorations, either jacket crowns or inlays, artificial teeth, o...

Dentifrices - Any preparations used for cleansing teeth; they usually contain an abrasive, detergent, binder and f...

Dentin-Bonding Agents - Cements that act through infiltration and polymerization within the dentinal matrix and are used for...

Denture Cleansers - Substances used to clean dentures; they are usually alkaline peroxides or hypochlorites, may contain...

Dimethylpolysiloxanes - Silicone polymers which consist of silicon atoms substituted with methyl groups and linked by oxygen...

Ear Protective Devices - Personal devices for protection of the ears from loud or high intensity noise, water, or cold. These...

Elastomers - A generic term for all substances having the properties of stretching under tension, high tensile st...

Enbucrilate - A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is...

Epoxy Resins - Organic compounds containing an epoxide group and characterized by strength and thermosetting proper...

Eye Protective Devices - Personal devices for protection of the eyes from impact, flying objects, glare, liquids, or injuriou...

Firearms - Small-arms weapons, including handguns, pistols, revolvers, rifles, shotguns, etc....

Fluorides, Topical - Fluorides, usually in pastes or gels, used for topical application to reduce the incidence of DENTAL...

Fullerenes - A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configur...

Glass - Hard, amorphous, brittle, inorganic, usually transparent, polymerous silicate of basic oxides, usual...

Glass Ionomer Cements - A polymer obtained by reacting polyacrylic acid with a special anion-leachable glass (alumino-silica...

Gloves, Protective - Coverings for the hands, usually with separations for the fingers, made of various materials, for pr...

Gloves, Surgical - Gloves, usually rubber, worn by surgeons, examining physicians, dentists, and other health personnel...

Gold Alloys - Alloys that contain a high percentage of gold. They are used in restorative or prosthetic dentistry....

Gutta-Percha - Coagulated exudate isolated from several species of the tropical tree Palaquium (Sapotaceae). It is ...

Head Protective Devices - Personal devices for protection of heads from impact, penetration from falling and flying objects, a...

Hexadimethrine - A synthetic polymer which agglutinates red blood cells. It is used as a heparin antagonist....

Hydrogel - A network of cross-linked hydrophilic macromolecules used in biomedical applications....

Industrial Oils - Oils which are used in industrial or commercial applications....

Inlay Casting Wax - A mixture of several dental waxes, usually containing paraffin wax, ceresin, beeswax, resins, and ot...

Jewelry - Objects of precious metal usually containing gems and worn to enhance personal appearance. Health co...

Laryngeal Masks - A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard ...

Latex - A milky, product excreted from the latex canals of a variety of plant species that contain cauotchou...

Lignin - The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together wit...

Lipid Bilayers - Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as m...

Liposomes - Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for ...

Liquid Crystals - Materials in intermediate state between solid and liquid....

Manufactured Materials - Substances and materials manufactured for use in various technologies and industries and for domesti...

Masks - Devices that cover the nose and mouth to maintain aseptic conditions or to administer inhaled anesth...

Membranes, Artificial - Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis ...

Metal Ceramic Alloys - The fusion of ceramics (porcelain) to an alloy of two or more metals for use in restorative and pros...

Metal Nanoparticles - Nanoparticles produced from metals whose uses include biosensors, optics, and catalysts. In biomedic...

Methylmethacrylate - The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is u...

Methylmethacrylates - The methyl esters of methacrylic acid that polymerize easily and are used as tissue cements, dental ...

Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems - A class of devices combining electrical and mechanical components that have at least one of the dime...

Mouth Protectors - Devices or pieces of equipment placed in or around the mouth or attached to instruments to protect t...

Mouthwashes - Solutions for rinsing the mouth, possessing cleansing, germicidal, or palliative properties. (From B...

Nanocapsules - Nanometer-sized, hollow, spherically-shaped objects that can be utilized to encapsulate small amount...

Nanocomposites - Nanometer-scale composite structures composed of organic molecules intimately incorporated with inor...

Nanofibers - Submicron-sized fibers with diameters typically between 50 and 500 nanometers. The very small dimens...

Nanoparticles - Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materi...

Nanoshells - Nanometer range spherical cores of particular semiconductor compounds surrounded by an ultrathin met...

Nanospheres - Spherical particles of nanometer dimensions. They are biodegradable and self-assembling and have pot...

Nanostructures - Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nano...

Nanotubes - Nanometer-sized tubes composed of various substances including carbon (CARBON NANOTUBES), boron nitr...

Nanotubes, Carbon - Nanometer-sized tubes composed mainly of CARBON. Such nanotubes are used as probes for high-resolut...

Nanotubes, Peptide - NANOTUBES formed from cyclic peptides (PEPTIDES, CYCLIC). Alternating D and L linkages create planar...

Nanowires - Nanometer-scale wires made of materials that conduct electricity. They can be coated with molecules ...

Neoprene - An oil-resistant synthetic rubber made by the polymerization of chloroprene....

Nonoxynol - Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. ...

Nuclear Weapons - A weapon that derives its destructive force from nuclear fission and/or fusion....

Nylons - Polymers where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups. These compounds are generall...

Octoxynol - Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. ...

Pit and Fissure Sealants - Agents used to occlude dental enamel pits and fissures in the prevention of dental caries....

Plastics - Polymeric materials (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow. Plastic...

Poloxalene - A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active ...

Poloxamer - A nonionic polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block co-polymer with the general formula HO(C2H4O)a(-C3...

Polyanetholesulfonate - A compound originally developed as an anticoagulant, but possessing anticomplement action and loweri...

Polycarboxylate Cement - Water-soluble low-molecular-weight polymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid that form solid, insolubl...

Polydioxanone - An absorbable suture material used also as ligating clips, as pins for internal fixation of broken b...

Polyesters - Polymers of organic acids and alcohols, with ester linkages--usually polyethylene terephthalate; can...

Polyethylene - A vinyl polymer made from ethylene. It can be branched or linear. Branched or low-density polyethyle...

Polyethylene Glycols - Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid...

Polyethylene Terephthalates - Polyester polymers formed from terephthalic acid or its esters and ethylene glycol. They can be form...

Polyethyleneimine - Strongly cationic polymer that binds to certain proteins; used as a marker in immunology, to precipi...

Polyethylenes - Synthetic thermoplastics that are tough, flexible, inert, and resistant to chemicals and electrical ...

Polygeline - A 3.5 per cent colloidal solution containing urea-cross-linked polymerized peptides. It has a molecu...

Polyglactin 910 - A polyester used for absorbable sutures & surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. 2-Hydrox...

Polyglycolic Acid - A biocompatible polymer used as a surgical suture material....

Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate - A biocompatible, hydrophilic, inert gel that is permeable to tissue fluids. It is used as an embeddi...

Polymers - Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These...

Polymethacrylic Acids - Poly-2-methylpropenoic acids. Used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics in the for...

Polymethyl Methacrylate - Polymerized methyl methacrylate monomers which are used as sheets, moulding, extrusion powders, surf...

Polyphloretin Phosphate - A polymeric mixture of polyesters of phosphoric acid and phloretin. It blocks some cellular response...

Polypropylenes - Propylene or propene polymers. Thermoplastics that can be extruded into fibers, films or solid forms...

Polysorbates - Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethyl...

Polystyrenes - Polymerized forms of styrene used as a biocompatible material, especially in dentistry. They are the...

Polytetrafluoroethylene - Homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene. Nonflammable, tough, inert plastic tubing or sheeting; used to l...

Polyurethanes - A group of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers containing polyisocyanate. They are used as ELAST...

Polyvinyl Alcohol - A polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups...

Polyvinyl Chloride - A polyvinyl resin used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, including medical devices, tubing...

Povidone - A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicl...

Povidone-Iodine - An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membran...

Proplast - Polymer of polytetrafluoroethylene and carbon filaments; porous biocompatible material used in orofa...

Protective Clothing - Clothing designed to protect the individual against possible exposure to known hazards....

Protective Devices - Devices designed to provide personal protection against injury to individuals exposed to hazards in ...

Pyran Copolymer - Copolymer of divinyl ether and maleic anhydride that acts as an immunostimulant with antineoplastic ...

Quantum Dots - Nanometer sized fragments (the dots) of semiconductor crystalline material which emit PHOTONS. The w...

Resin Cements - Dental cements composed either of polymethyl methacrylate or dimethacrylate, produced by mixing an a...

Resins, Synthetic - Polymers of high molecular weight which at some stage are capable of being molded and then harden to...

Respiratory Protective Devices - Respirators to protect individuals from breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, ...

Root Canal Filling Materials - Materials placed inside a root canal for the purpose of obturating or sealing it. The materials may ...

Root Canal Irrigants - Chemicals used mainly to disinfect root canals after pulpectomy and before obturation. The major one...

Rubber - A high-molecular-weight polymeric elastomer derived from the milk juice (LATEX) of HEVEA brasiliensi...

Saliva, Artificial - A solution used for irrigating the mouth in xerostomia and as a substitute for saliva....

Seat Belts - Restraining belts fastened to the frame of automobiles, aircraft, or other vehicles, and strapped ar...

Silicate Cement - A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher...

Silicone Elastomers - Polymers of silicone that are formed by crosslinking and treatment with amorphous silica to increase...

Silicone Gels - Synthetic organosiloxane gels that are formed from synthetic polymers of silicone oxide with organic...

Silicone Oils - Organic siloxanes which are polymerized to the oily stage. The oils have low surface tension and den...

Silicones - A broad family of synthetic organosiloxane polymers containing a repeating silicon-oxygen backbone w...

Siloxanes - Silicon polymers that contain alternate silicon and oxygen atoms in linear or cyclic molecular struc...

Simethicone - A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added ...

Sodium Fluoride - A source of inorganic fluoride which is used topically to prevent dental caries....

Space Suits - Pressure suits for wear in space or at very low ambient pressures within the atmosphere, designed to...

Sports Equipment - Equipment required for engaging in a sport (such as balls, bats, rackets, skis, skates, ropes, weigh...

Stainless Steel - Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in ...

Steel - A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and ofte...

Tear Gases - Gases that irritate the eyes, throat, or skin. Severe lacrimation develops upon irritation of the ey...

Tin Fluorides - Inorganic fluorides of tin. They include both stannic fluoride (tin tetrafluoride) and stannous fluo...

Tissue Adhesives - Substances used to cause adherence of tissue to tissue or tissue to non-tissue surfaces, as for pros...

Toothpaste - A dentifrice in paste form; usually contains binder, humectant, an abrasive, a detergent, flavoring ...

Unilamellar Liposomes - Single membrane vesicles, generally made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS....

Virosomes - Semi-synthetic complex derived from nucleic-acid free viral particles. They are essentially reconsti...

Vitallium - An alloy of 60% cobalt, 20% chromium, 5% molybdenum, and traces of other substances. It is used in d...

Weapons - Devices or tools used in combat or fighting in order to kill or incapacitate....

Weapons of Mass Destruction - Weapons that are capable of a high order of destruction and/or of being used to destroy large number...

Wood - A product of hard secondary xylem composed of CELLULOSE, hemicellulose, and LIGNANS, that is under t...

Wool - The hair of SHEEP or other animals that is used for weaving....

Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement - Used as a dental cement this is mainly zinc oxide (with strengtheners and accelerators) and eugenol....

Zinc Phosphate Cement - A material used for cementation of inlays, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances and occasiona...

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Common Chronic Illnesses

Coronary Disease

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
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Hypertension

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

Mesothelioma

A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Osteoarthritis

A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.

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