Physiological Processes
Categorical breakdown of terms falling inder the category of Physiological Processes. Sub categories will become more specific in nature to the terms listed for Physiological Processes.
Sub-Categories
Terms
Acclimatization - Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old....
Acid-Base Equilibrium - The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the a...
Adaptation, Physiological - The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT....
Adolescent Development - The continuous sequential physiological and psychological changes during ADOLESCENCE, approximately ...
Aging - The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of ...
Amelogenesis - The elaboration of dental enamel by ameloblasts, beginning with its participation in the formation o...
Appetite Regulation - Physiologic mechanisms which regulate or control the appetite and food intake....
Bacterial Shedding - The expelling of bacteria from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tra...
Biotransformation - The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may i...
Birth Weight - The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or k...
Body Height - The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully e...
Body Patterning - The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan e...
Body Size - The physical measurements of a body....
Body Temperature Regulation - The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature....
Body Temperature Regulation - The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature....
Body Weight - The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms....
Body Weight Changes - A clinical manifestation consisting of alterations in an individual's weight from his or her norm....
Bone Development - The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bon...
Bottle Feeding - Use of nursing bottles for feeding. Applies to humans and animals....
Breast Feeding - The nursing of an infant at the mother's breast....
Calcification, Physiologic - Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts....
Calcification, Physiologic - Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts....
Cell Division - The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NU...
Cell Enlargement - Growth processes that result in an increase in CELL SIZE....
Cell Growth Processes - Processes required for CELL ENLARGEMENT and CELL PROLIFERATION....
Cell Lineage - The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM ...
Cell Movement - The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the proces...
Cell Proliferation - All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION....
Cementogenesis - The formation of DENTAL CEMENTUM, a bone-like material that covers the root of the tooth....
Child Development - The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of an individual from birth up to...
Chondrogenesis - The formation of cartilage. This process is directed by CHONDROCYTES which continually divide and la...
Cytoprotection - The process by which chemical compounds provide protection to cells against harmful agents....
Dentinogenesis - The formation of dentin. Dentin first appears in the layer between the ameloblasts and odontoblasts ...
Depression, Chemical - The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, an...
Digestion - The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body....
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation - The relationship between the dose of administered radiation and the response of the organism or tiss...
Down-Regulation - A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic leve...
Drinking - The consumption of liquids....
Drug Agonism - Phenomena and pharmaceutics of compounds that selectively bind to a specific receptor and trigger a ...
Drug Antagonism - Phenomena and pharmaceutics of compounds that inhibit the function of agonists (DRUG AGONISM) and in...
Drug Interactions - The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug....
Drug Inverse Agonism - Phenomena and pharmaceutics of compounds that bind to the same receptor binding-site as an agonist (...
Drug Partial Agonism - Drug agonism involving selective binding but reduced effect. This can result in some degree of DRUG ...
Drug Synergism - The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug....
Drug Tolerance - Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resultin...
Eating - The consumption of edible substances....
Ectogenesis - Embryonic and fetal development that takes place in an artificial environment in vitro....
Electrophysiological Processes - The functions and activities of living organisms or their parts involved in generating and respondin...
Embryonic and Fetal Development - Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES....
Embryonic Development - Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS....
Embryonic Induction - The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by ce...
Embryonic Induction - The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by ce...
Estivation - In certain living species, a period of dormancy during the summer months marked by decreased metabol...
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - Depolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during neurotransm...
Feedback, Physiological - A mechanism of communication with a physiological system for homeostasis, adaptation, etc. Physiolog...
Feedback, Sensory - A mechanism of communicating one's own sensory system information about a task, movement, skill, etc...
Fetal Development - Morphological and physiological development of FETUSES....
Fetal Movement - Physical activity of the FETUS in utero. Gross or fine fetal body movement can be monitored by the m...
Fetal Organ Maturity - Functional competence of specific organs or body systems of the FETUS in utero....
Fetal Organ Maturity - Functional competence of specific organs or body systems of the FETUS in utero....
Fetal Viability - The potential of the FETUS to survive outside the UTERUS after birth, natural or induced. Fetal viab...
Fetal Weight - The weight of the FETUS in utero. It is usually estimated by various formulas based on measurements ...
Fetal Weight - The weight of the FETUS in utero. It is usually estimated by various formulas based on measurements ...
Fluid Shifts - Translocation of body fluids from one compartment to another, such as from the vascular to the inter...
Food-Drug Interactions - The pharmacological result, either desirable or undesirable, of drugs interacting with components of...
Galvanic Skin Response - A change in electrical resistance of the skin, occurring in emotion and in certain other conditions....
Gastrulation - A process of complicated morphogenetic cell movements that reorganizes a bilayer embryo into one wit...
Germination - The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLING. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryon...
Gestational Age - The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gest...
Gravitropism - The directional growth of organisms in response to gravity. In plants, the main root is positively g...
Growth - Gradual increase in the number, the size, and the complexity of cells of an individual. Growth gener...
Growth and Development - The series of changes to the shape, size, components, and functions of an individual organism that o...
Heat-Shock Response - A constellation of responses that occur when an organism is exposed to excessive heat and other envi...
Herb-Drug Interactions - The effect of herbs, other PLANTS, or PLANT EXTRACTS on the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of dru...
Hibernation - The dormant state in which some warm-blooded animal species pass the winter. It is characterized by ...
Hibernation - The dormant state in which some warm-blooded animal species pass the winter. It is characterized by ...
Homeostasis - The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable....
Human Development - Continuous sequential changes which occur in the physiological and psychological functions during th...
Ideal Body Weight - Expected weight of a healthy normal individual based on age, sex, and height. Thus, a malnourished p...
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials - Hyperpolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during NEUROTRA...
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials - Hyperpolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during NEUROTRA...
Intestinal Absorption - Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES....
Ion Channel Gating - The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane ...
Kallikrein-Kinin System - A system of metabolic interactions by products produced in the distal nephron of the KIDNEY. These p...
Larva - Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamor...
Life Cycle Stages - The continuous sequence of changes undergone by metamorphosing insects and other animals during the ...
Locomotion - Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or inv...
Longevity - The normal length of time of an organism's life....
Lymphangiogenesis - The formation of LYMPHATIC VESSELS....
Mastication - The act and process of chewing and grinding food in the mouth....
Maxillofacial Development - The process of growth and differentiation of the jaws and face....
Merozoites - Uninuclear cells or a stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. Merozoites, released from rupt...
Metabolic Clearance Rate - Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Eliminat...
Metabolic Detoxication, Drug - Reduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living sys...
Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I - Functionalization of exogenous substances to prepare them for conjugation in PHASE II DETOXIFICATION...
Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II - Conjugation of exogenous substances with various hydrophilic substituents to form water soluble prod...
Metamorphosis, Biological - Profound physical changes during maturation of living organisms from the immature forms to the adult...
Miniature Postsynaptic Potentials - Postsynaptic potentials generated from a release of neurotransmitters from a presynaptic nerve termi...
Molting - Periodic casting off FEATHERS; HAIR; or cuticle. Molting is a process of sloughing or desquamation, ...
Morphogenesis - The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Mor...
Movement - The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMO...
Muscle Development - Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiati...
Musculoskeletal Development - The morphologic and physiological changes of the MUSCLES, bones (BONE AND BONES), and CARTILAGE of t...
Neural Conduction - The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus....
Neural Inhibition - The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells....
Neurogenesis - Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or b...
Neuroimmunomodulation - The biochemical and electrophysiological interactions between the NERVOUS SYSTEM and IMMUNE SYSTEM t...
Neurulation - An early embryonic developmental process of CHORDATES that is characterized by morphogenic movements...
Nutrition Processes - Biological actions and events that constitute the steps by which living organisms take in and assimi...
Nymph - The immature stage in the life cycle of those orders of insects characterized by gradual metamorphos...
Odontogenesis - The process of TOOTH formation. It is divided into several stages including: the dental lamina stage...
Oocysts - Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small indiv...
Organ Size - The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness....
Organogenesis - Formation of differentiated cells and complicated tissue organization to provide specialized functio...
Osteogenesis - The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification....
Oxidative Stress - A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential dam...
Pharmacological Processes - The metabolism of drugs and their mechanisms of action....
Phototropism - The directional growth of organisms in response to light. In plants, aerial shoots usually grow towa...
Physiological Processes - The functions and activities of living organisms that support life in single- or multi-cellular orga...
Pupa - An inactive stage between the larval and adult stages in the life cycle of insects....
Radiation Tolerance - The ability of some cells or tissues to withstand ionizing radiation without serious injury. Toleran...
Recruitment, Neurophysiological - The spread of response if stimulation is prolonged. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.)...
Refractory Period, Electrophysiological - The period of time following the triggering of an ACTION POTENTIAL when the CELL MEMBRANE has change...
Salivation - The discharge of saliva from the SALIVARY GLANDS that keeps the mouth tissues moist and aids in dige...
Salt-Tolerance - The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to high concentrations of salt in their growth environme...
Schizonts - Multinucleate cells or a stage in the development of sporozoan protozoa. It is exemplified by the li...
Sex Differentiation - The process in developing sex- or gender-specific tissue, organ, or function after SEX DETERMINATION...
Shivering - Involuntary contraction or twitching of the muscles. It is a physiologic method of heat production i...
Sporozoites - The product of meiotic division of zygotes in parasitic protozoa comprising haploid cells. These in...
Stimulation, Chemical - The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, an...
Stress, Physiological - The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an org...
Sweating - The process of exocrine secretion of the SWEAT GLANDS, including the aqueous sweat from the ECCRINE ...
Synaptic Potentials - The voltages across pre- or post-SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES....
Synaptic Transmission - The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In...
Tachyphylaxis - Rapidly decreasing response to a drug or physiologically active agent after administration of a few ...
Thermogenesis - The generation of heat in order to maintain body temperature. The uncoupled oxidation of fatty acids...
Thermogenesis - The generation of heat in order to maintain body temperature. The uncoupled oxidation of fatty acids...
Tooth Calcification - The process whereby calcium salts are deposited in the dental enamel. The process is normal in the d...
Trophozoites - Cells or feeding stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. In the malarial parasite, the tropho...
Tropism - The directional growth of an organism in response to an external stimulus such as light, touch, or g...
Up-Regulation - A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic leve...
Virus Shedding - The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, geni...
Water Loss, Insensible - Loss of water by diffusion through the skin and by evaporation from the respiratory tract....
Water-Electrolyte Balance - The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR S...
Weaning - Permanent deprivation of breast milk and commencement of nourishment with other food. (From Stedman,...
Weight Gain - Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight....
Weight Loss - Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT....
Common Chronic Illnesses
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.
Diabetes Supplies | Diabetic Groups
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
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Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.