Nucleic Acids
Categorical breakdown of terms falling inder the category of Nucleic Acids. Sub categories will become more specific in nature to the terms listed for Nucleic Acids.
Sub-Categories
Terms
3' Untranslated Regions - The sequence at the 3' end of messenger RNA that does not code for product. This region contains tra...
3' Untranslated Regions - The sequence at the 3' end of messenger RNA that does not code for product. This region contains tra...
5' Untranslated Regions - The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contai...
5' Untranslated Regions - The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contai...
Anticodon - The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSEN...
Antisense Elements (Genetics) - Nucleic acids which hybridize to complementary sequences in other target nucleic acids causing the f...
Codon - A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a ...
Codon, Initiator - A codon that directs initiation of protein translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) by stimulating the bin...
Codon, Nonsense - An amino acid-specifying codon that has been converted to a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR) by mutati...
Codon, Terminator - Any codon that signals the termination of genetic translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). PEPTIDE TERMIN...
Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite - A satellite RNA (not a satellite virus) which has several types. Different cucumoviruses can act as ...
DNA - A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prok...
DNA Adducts - The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA....
DNA Probes - Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosome...
DNA Probes, HLA - DNA probes specific for the human leukocyte antigen genes, which represent the major histocompatibil...
DNA Probes, HPV - DNA probes specific for the identification of human papilloma virus....
DNA Transposable Elements - Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are in...
DNA, A-Form - An isoform of DNA that occurs in an environment rich in SODIUM and POTASSIUM ions. It is a right-han...
DNA, Algal - Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of ALGAE....
DNA, Antisense - DNA that is complementary to the sense strand. (The sense strand has the same sequence as the mRNA t...
DNA, Antisense - DNA that is complementary to the sense strand. (The sense strand has the same sequence as the mRNA t...
DNA, Archaeal - Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of archaea....
DNA, Bacterial - Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria....
DNA, Catalytic - Molecules of DNA that possess enzymatic activity....
DNA, Catenated - CIRCULAR DNA that is interlaced together as links in a chain. It is used as an assay for the activit...
DNA, C-Form - An isoform of DNA that occurs under experimental conditions. It is a right-handed helix that is less...
DNA, Chloroplast - Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of CHLOROPLASTS....
DNA, Chloroplast - Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of CHLOROPLASTS....
DNA, Circular - Any of the covalently closed DNA molecules found in bacteria, many viruses, mitochondria, plastids, ...
DNA, Complementary - Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DN...
DNA, Complementary - Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DN...
DNA, Concatenated - Head to tail array of covalently joined DNA sequences generated by concatenation. Concatenated DNA i...
DNA, Cruciform - A cross-shaped DNA structure that can be observed under the electron microscope. It is formed by the...
DNA, Fungal - Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi....
DNA, Helminth - Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of helminths....
DNA, Intergenic - Any of the DNA in between gene-coding DNA, including untranslated regions, 5' and 3' flanking region...
DNA, Kinetoplast - DNA of kinetoplasts which are specialized MITOCHONDRIA of trypanosomes and related parasitic protozo...
DNA, Kinetoplast - DNA of kinetoplasts which are specialized MITOCHONDRIA of trypanosomes and related parasitic protozo...
DNA, Mitochondrial - Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes f...
DNA, Neoplasm - DNA present in neoplastic tissue....
DNA, Plant - Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants....
DNA, Protozoan - Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa....
DNA, Recombinant - Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from differ...
DNA, Ribosomal - DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA...
DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) ...
DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) ...
DNA, Satellite - Highly repetitive DNA sequences found in HETEROCHROMATIN, mainly near centromeres. They are composed...
DNA, Single-Stranded - A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists a...
DNA, Superhelical - Circular duplex DNA isolated from viruses, bacteria and mitochondria in supercoiled or supertwisted ...
DNA, Viral - Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses....
DNA, Z-Form - A left-handed double helix of DNA. Its name derives from its narrow zigzag structure that is the lea...
Isochores - Large regions of the GENOME that contain local similarities in BASE COMPOSITION....
MicroRNAs - Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-st...
MicroRNAs - Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-st...
Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes - Double-stranded nucleic acid molecules (DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA) which contain regions of nucleotide mism...
Nucleic Acid Probes - Nucleic acid which complements a specific mRNA or DNA molecule, or fragment thereof; used for hybrid...
Nucleic Acids - High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained tog...
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense - Short fragments of DNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybr...
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense - Short fragments of DNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybr...
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense - Short fragments of DNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybr...
Oligonucleotide Probes - Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study s...
Oligonucleotides, Antisense - Short fragments of DNA or RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which th...
Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense - Short fragments of RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybr...
Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense - Short fragments of RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybr...
Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense - Short fragments of RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybr...
Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid - Sequences within RNA that regulate the processing, stability (RNA STABILITY) or translation (TRANSLA...
Retroelements - Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new si...
RNA - A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose ...
RNA Cap Analogs - Analogs of RNA cap compounds which do not have a positive charge. These compounds inhibit the initia...
RNA Caps - Nucleic acid structures found on the 5' end of eukaryotic cellular and viral messenger RNA and some ...
RNA Precursors - RNA transcripts of the DNA that are in some unfinished stage of post-transcriptional processing (RNA...
RNA Probes - RNA, usually prepared by transcription from cloned DNA, which complements a specific mRNA or DNA and...
RNA Splice Sites - Nucleotide sequences located at the ends of EXONS and recognized in pre-messenger RNA by SPLICEOSOME...
RNA, Algal - Ribonucleic acid in ALGAE having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein sy...
RNA, Antisense - RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function ...
RNA, Antisense - RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function ...
RNA, Archaeal - Ribonucleic acid in archaea having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein ...
RNA, Bacterial - Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein...
RNA, Catalytic - RNA that has catalytic activity. The catalytic RNA sequence folds to form a complex surface that can...
RNA, Chloroplast - Ribonucleic acid in chloroplasts having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in pro...
RNA, Chloroplast - Ribonucleic acid in chloroplasts having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in pro...
RNA, Complementary - Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription syst...
RNA, Complementary - Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription syst...
RNA, Double-Stranded - RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the doub...
RNA, Fungal - Ribonucleic acid in fungi having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein sy...
RNA, Guide - Small kinetoplastid mitochondrial RNA that plays a major role in RNA EDITING. These molecules form p...
RNA, Helminth - Ribonucleic acid in helminths having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protei...
RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear - Nuclear nonribosomal RNA larger than about 1000 nucleotides, the mass of which is rapidly synthesize...
RNA, Messenger - RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary t...
RNA, Messenger, Stored - Messenger RNA that is stored in a masked state for translation at a later time. Distinguish from RNA...
RNA, Neoplasm - RNA present in neoplastic tissue....
RNA, Nuclear - RNA molecules found in the nucleus either associated with chromosomes or in the nucleoplasm....
RNA, Plant - Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein s...
RNA, Protozoan - Ribonucleic acid in protozoa having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein...
RNA, Ribosomal - The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural ...
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rR...
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of po...
RNA, Ribosomal, 23S - Constituent of 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes containing about 3200 nucleotides. 23S rRNA is i...
RNA, Ribosomal, 28S - Constituent of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 28S rRNA is involved in the initiation of po...
RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S - Constituent of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 5.8S rRNA is involved in the initiation of p...
RNA, Ribosomal, 5S - Constituent of the 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes containing about 120 nucleotides and 34 prot...
RNA, Ribosomal, Self-Splicing - Components of ribosomal RNA that undergo auto-catalyzed molecular rearrangements of their RNA sequen...
RNA, Satellite - Small, linear single-stranded RNA molecules functionally acting as molecular parasites of certain RN...
RNA, Small Cytoplasmic - Small RNAs found in the cytoplasm usually complexed with proteins in scRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMA...
RNA, Small Interfering - Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functi...
RNA, Small Interfering - Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functi...
RNA, Small Nuclear - Short chains of RNA (100-300 nucleotides long) that are abundant in the nucleus and usually complexe...
RNA, Small Nuclear - Short chains of RNA (100-300 nucleotides long) that are abundant in the nucleus and usually complexe...
RNA, Small Nucleolar - Small nuclear RNAs that are involved in the processing of pre-ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus. Box C/...
RNA, Small Nucleolar - Small nuclear RNAs that are involved in the processing of pre-ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus. Box C/...
RNA, Spliced Leader - The small RNAs which provide spliced leader sequences, SL1, SL2, SL3, SL4 and SL5 (short sequences w...
RNA, Transfer - The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GEN...
RNA, Transfer, Ala - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying alanine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for p...
RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific - A group of transfer RNAs which are specific for carrying each one of the 20 amino acids to the ribos...
RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl - Intermediates in protein biosynthesis. The compounds are formed from amino acids, ATP and transfer R...
RNA, Transfer, Arg - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying arginine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for ...
RNA, Transfer, Asn - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying asparagine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation fo...
RNA, Transfer, Asp - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying aspartic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation...
RNA, Transfer, Cys - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying cysteine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for ...
RNA, Transfer, Gln - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glutamine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for...
RNA, Transfer, Glu - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glutamic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation...
RNA, Transfer, Gly - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glycine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for p...
RNA, Transfer, His - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying histidine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for...
RNA, Transfer, Ile - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying isoleucine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation fo...
RNA, Transfer, Leu - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying leucine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for p...
RNA, Transfer, Lys - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying lysine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for pr...
RNA, Transfer, Met - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying methionine to sites on the ribosomes. During initiatio...
RNA, Transfer, Phe - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying phenylalanine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation...
RNA, Transfer, Pro - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying proline to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for p...
RNA, Transfer, Ser - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying serine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for pr...
RNA, Transfer, Thr - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying threonine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for...
RNA, Transfer, Trp - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying tryptophan to sites on the ribosomes in preparation fo...
RNA, Transfer, Tyr - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying tyrosine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for ...
RNA, Transfer, Val - A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying valine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for pr...
RNA, Untranslated - RNA which does not code for protein but has some enzymatic, structural or regulatory function. Altho...
RNA, Viral - Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses....
Untranslated Regions - The parts of the messenger RNA sequence that do not code for product, i.e. the 5' UNTRANSLATED REGIO...
Untranslated Regions - The parts of the messenger RNA sequence that do not code for product, i.e. the 5' UNTRANSLATED REGIO...
Common Chronic Illnesses
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.
Diabetes Supplies | Diabetic Groups
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
Free Diabetes Supplies
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.
