Prosencephalon
Categorical breakdown of terms falling inder the category of Prosencephalon. Sub categories will become more specific in nature to the terms listed for Prosencephalon.
Sub-Categories
Terms
Amygdala - Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the br...
Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus - Loose heterogeneous collection of cells in the anterior hypothalamus, continuous rostrally with the ...
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei - Three nuclei located beneath the dorsal surface of the most rostral part of the thalamus. The group ...
Arcuate Nucleus - A nucleus located in the middle hypothalamus in the most ventral part of the third ventricle near th...
Auditory Cortex - Area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing....
Basal Ganglia - Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of ...
Basal Nucleus of Meynert - A group of nerve cells in the substantia innominata that has wide projections to the neocortex and i...
CA1 Region, Hippocampal - One of four subsections of the hippocampus described by Lorente de No, located furthest from the DEN...
CA2 Region, Hippocampal - A subsection of the hippocampus, described by Lorente de No, that is located between the HIPPOCAMPUS...
CA3 Region, Hippocampal - A subsection of the hippocampus, described by Lorente de No, that is located between the HIPPOCAMPUS...
Caudate Nucleus - Elongated gray mass of the neostriatum located adjacent to the lateral ventricle of the brain....
Cerebral Cortex - The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telen...
Cerebrum - Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an ...
Corpus Callosum - Broad plate of dense myelinated fibers that reciprocally interconnect regions of the cortex in all l...
Corpus Striatum - Striped gray and white matter consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It ...
Corticotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that produce ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE....
Dentate Gyrus - Gray matter situated above the gyrus hippocampi. It is composed of three layers. The molecular layer...
Diagonal Band of Broca - Cholinergic bundle of nerve fibers posterior to the anterior perforated substance. It interconnects ...
Diencephalon - The paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; EPITHALAMUS; an...
Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus - An aggregation of cells in the middle hypothalamus dorsal to the ventromedial nucleus and bordering ...
Entopeduncular Nucleus - A portion of the nucleus of ansa lenticularis located medial to the posterior limb of the internal c...
Entorhinal Cortex - The cytoarchitecturally well-defined area of multilaminate cerebral cortex on the medial aspect of t...
Epithalamus - The dorsal posterior subdivision of the diencephalon. The epithalamus is generally considered to inc...
Fornix, Brain - Heavily myelinated fiber bundle of the TELENCEPHALON projecting from the hippocampal formation to th...
Frontal Lobe - The anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere....
Geniculate Bodies - Part of the diencephalon inferior to the caudal end of the dorsal thalamus. Includes the lateral gen...
Globus Pallidus - The representation of the phylogenetically oldest part of the corpus striatum called the paleostriat...
Gonadotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that can produce both FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE....
Habenula - A small protuberance at the dorsal, posterior corner of the wall of the third ventricle, adjacent to...
High Vocal Center - Nucleus in the NEOSTRIATUM of bird brains that sends signals for song production and receives audito...
Hippocampus - A curved elevation of gray matter extending the entire length of the floor of the temporal horn of t...
Hypothalamic Area, Lateral - This area is bounded medially by the mammillothalamic tract and the anterior column of fornix. The m...
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - A collection of NEURONS, tracts of NERVE FIBERS, endocrine tissue, and blood vessels in the HYPOTHAL...
Hypothalamus - Ventral part of the diencephalon extending from the region of the optic chiasm to the caudal border ...
Hypothalamus, Anterior - The front portion of the HYPOTHALAMUS separated into the preoptic region and the supraoptic region. ...
Hypothalamus, Middle - That middle portion of the hypothalamus containing the arcuate, dorsomedial, and ventromedial nuclei...
Hypothalamus, Posterior - The part of the hypothalamus posterior to the middle region consisting of several nuclei including t...
Internal Capsule - White matter pathway, flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of both afferent and efferent fibers pro...
Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei - Cell groups within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus. They include a rostral division co...
Islands of Calleja - Discrete clusters of pyramidal and polymorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior perforated s...
Lactotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that produce PROLACTIN....
Lateral Thalamic Nuclei - A narrow strip of cell groups on the dorsomedial surface of the thalamus. It includes the lateral do...
Mamillary Bodies - A pair of nuclei and associated gray matter in the interpeduncular space rostral to the posterior pe...
Median Eminence - Raised area at the infundibular region of the HYPOTHALAMUS at the floor of the BRAIN, ventral to the...
Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus - The largest of the medial nuclei of the thalamus. It makes extensive connections with most of the ot...
Melanotrophs - Neuroendocrine cells in the INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF PITUITARY. They produce MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORM...
Midline Thalamic Nuclei - Small, nonspecific nerve cells scattered in the periventricular gray matter, separating the medial p...
Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal - Axons of certain cells in the DENTATE GYRUS. They project to the polymorphic layer of the dentate gy...
Motor Cortex - Area of the frontal lobe concerned with primary motor control. It lies anterior to the central sulcu...
Neocortex - The largest portion of the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is composed of NEURONS arranged in six layers....
Neostriatum - The phylogenetically newer part of the CORPUS STRIATUM consisting of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and PUTAMEN...
Nucleus Accumbens - Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in...
Occipital Lobe - Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere....
Olfactory Bulb - Ovoid body resting on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone where the olfactory nerve terminates....
Olfactory Pathways - Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. It includes...
Parahippocampal Gyrus - A convolution on the inferior surface of each cerebral hemisphere, lying between the hippocampal and...
Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Nucleus in the anterior part of the hypothalamus....
Parietal Lobe - Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere....
Pineal Gland - A light-sensitive neuroendocrine organ attached to the roof of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain. The...
Pituitary Gland - A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a shor...
Pituitary Gland, Anterior - The anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis. It secretes t...
Pituitary Gland, Intermediate - The intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. It shows considerable size variation among the species...
Pituitary Gland, Posterior - Neural tissue of the pituitary gland, also known as the neurohypophysis. It consists of the distal A...
Posterior Thalamic Nuclei - A transitional diencephalic zone of the thalamus consisting of complex and varied cells lying caudal...
Prefrontal Cortex - The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which re...
Preoptic Area - Region of hypothalamus between the anterior commissure and optic chiasm....
Prosencephalon - The anterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain arising from the NEURAL...
Pulvinar - Large mass of nuclei forming the most caudal portion of the thalamus and overhanging the geniculate ...
Putamen - The largest and most lateral of the basal ganglia lying between the lateral medullary lamina of the ...
Pyramidal Cells - Projection neurons in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped...
Pyramidal Cells - Projection neurons in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped...
Septal Nuclei - Neural nuclei situated in the septal region. They have afferent and cholinergic efferent connections...
Septum of Brain - Gray matter structures of the telencephalon and limbic system in the brain, but containing widely va...
Septum Pellucidum - A triangular double membrane separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles of the brain. I...
Somatosensory Cortex - Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving general sensations. It lies posterior to the cent...
Somatotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that produce GROWTH HORMONE....
Substantia Innominata - Tissue in the base of the forebrain inferior to the anterior perforated substance, and anterior to t...
Subthalamic Nucleus - Lens-shaped structure on the inner aspect of the internal capsule. The subthalamic nucleus and pathw...
Subthalamus - A transition zone in the anterior part of the diencephalon interposed between the thalamus, hypothal...
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus - An ovoid densely packed collection of small cells of the anterior hypothalamus lying close to the mi...
Supraoptic Nucleus - Hypothalamic nucleus overlying the beginning of the optic tract....
Telencephalon - The anterior subdivision of the embryonic forebrain (prosencephalon) or the corresponding part of th...
Temporal Lobe - Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere....
Thalamic Nuclei - Several groups of nuclei in the thalamus that serve as the major relay centers for sensory impulses ...
Thalamus - Paired bodies containing mostly gray substance and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ven...
Thyrotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that produce THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE....
Tuber Cinereum - Layer of gray matter in the hypothalamus that also forms part of the floor of the third ventricle an...
Ventral Thalamic Nuclei - A large group of nuclei lying between the internal medullary lamina and the internal capsule. It inc...
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus - A nucleus of the middle hypothalamus, the largest cell group of the tuberal region with small-to-med...
Visual Cortex - Area of the occipital lobe concerned with vision....
Common Chronic Illnesses
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
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Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.
