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Central Nervous System

Categorical breakdown of terms falling inder the category of Central Nervous System. Sub categories will become more specific in nature to the terms listed for Central Nervous System.

Sub-Categories

Terms

Amygdala - Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the br...

Anterior Horn Cells - Motor neurons in the anterior (ventral) horn of the spinal cord which project to skeletal muscles....

Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus - Loose heterogeneous collection of cells in the anterior hypothalamus, continuous rostrally with the ...

Anterior Thalamic Nuclei - Three nuclei located beneath the dorsal surface of the most rostral part of the thalamus. The group ...

Arachnoid - A delicate membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. It lies between the PIA MATER and the DURA...

Arcuate Nucleus - A nucleus located in the middle hypothalamus in the most ventral part of the third ventricle near th...

Area Postrema - A small, rounded eminence on each side of the FOURTH VENTRICLE, which receives nerve fibers from the...

Auditory Cortex - Area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing....

Basal Ganglia - Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of ...

Basal Nucleus of Meynert - A group of nerve cells in the substantia innominata that has wide projections to the neocortex and i...

Blood-Brain Barrier - Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transp...

Brain - The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NE...

Brain Stem - The part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It consists of th...

CA1 Region, Hippocampal - One of four subsections of the hippocampus described by Lorente de No, located furthest from the DEN...

CA2 Region, Hippocampal - A subsection of the hippocampus, described by Lorente de No, that is located between the HIPPOCAMPUS...

CA3 Region, Hippocampal - A subsection of the hippocampus, described by Lorente de No, that is located between the HIPPOCAMPUS...

Caudate Nucleus - Elongated gray mass of the neostriatum located adjacent to the lateral ventricle of the brain....

Central Nervous System - The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, ...

Cerebellar Cortex - The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of two main layers, the stratum molecular...

Cerebellar Nuclei - Four accumulations of gray substance embedded in the white substance of the cerebellum, comprising t...

Cerebellopontine Angle - Junction between the cerebellum and the pons....

Cerebellum - The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POS...

Cerebral Aqueduct - Narrow channel in the mesencephalon that connects the third and fourth ventricles....

Cerebral Cortex - The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telen...

Cerebrum - Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an ...

Choroid Plexus - A villous structure of tangled masses of BLOOD VESSELS contained within the third, lateral, and four...

Cochlear Nucleus - The brain stem nucleus that receives the central input from the cochlear nerve. The cochlear nucleus...

Corpus Callosum - Broad plate of dense myelinated fibers that reciprocally interconnect regions of the cortex in all l...

Corpus Striatum - Striped gray and white matter consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It ...

Corticotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that produce ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE....

Dentate Gyrus - Gray matter situated above the gyrus hippocampi. It is composed of three layers. The molecular layer...

Diagonal Band of Broca - Cholinergic bundle of nerve fibers posterior to the anterior perforated substance. It interconnects ...

Diencephalon - The paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; EPITHALAMUS; an...

Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus - An aggregation of cells in the middle hypothalamus dorsal to the ventromedial nucleus and bordering ...

Dura Mater - The outermost of the three MENINGES, a fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the brain a...

Entopeduncular Nucleus - A portion of the nucleus of ansa lenticularis located medial to the posterior limb of the internal c...

Entorhinal Cortex - The cytoarchitecturally well-defined area of multilaminate cerebral cortex on the medial aspect of t...

Ependyma - A thin membrane that lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the SPINAL CORD....

Epithalamus - The dorsal posterior subdivision of the diencephalon. The epithalamus is generally considered to inc...

Fornix, Brain - Heavily myelinated fiber bundle of the TELENCEPHALON projecting from the hippocampal formation to th...

Fourth Ventricle - An irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and th...

Frontal Lobe - The anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere....

Geniculate Bodies - Part of the diencephalon inferior to the caudal end of the dorsal thalamus. Includes the lateral gen...

Globus Pallidus - The representation of the phylogenetically oldest part of the corpus striatum called the paleostriat...

Gonadotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that can produce both FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE....

Gyrus Cinguli - One of the convolutions on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It surrounds the rostral p...

Habenula - A small protuberance at the dorsal, posterior corner of the wall of the third ventricle, adjacent to...

High Vocal Center - Nucleus in the NEOSTRIATUM of bird brains that sends signals for song production and receives audito...

Hippocampus - A curved elevation of gray matter extending the entire length of the floor of the temporal horn of t...

Hypothalamic Area, Lateral - This area is bounded medially by the mammillothalamic tract and the anterior column of fornix. The m...

Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - A collection of NEURONS, tracts of NERVE FIBERS, endocrine tissue, and blood vessels in the HYPOTHAL...

Hypothalamus - Ventral part of the diencephalon extending from the region of the optic chiasm to the caudal border ...

Hypothalamus, Anterior - The front portion of the HYPOTHALAMUS separated into the preoptic region and the supraoptic region. ...

Hypothalamus, Middle - That middle portion of the hypothalamus containing the arcuate, dorsomedial, and ventromedial nuclei...

Hypothalamus, Posterior - The part of the hypothalamus posterior to the middle region consisting of several nuclei including t...

Inferior Colliculi - The posterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which contain centers for auditory function....

Internal Capsule - White matter pathway, flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of both afferent and efferent fibers pro...

Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei - Cell groups within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus. They include a rostral division co...

Islands of Calleja - Discrete clusters of pyramidal and polymorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior perforated s...

Lactotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that produce PROLACTIN....

Lateral Thalamic Nuclei - A narrow strip of cell groups on the dorsomedial surface of the thalamus. It includes the lateral do...

Lateral Ventricles - Cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. The...

Limbic System - A set of forebrain structures common to all mammals that is defined functionally and anatomically. I...

Locus Coeruleus - Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pig...

Mamillary Bodies - A pair of nuclei and associated gray matter in the interpeduncular space rostral to the posterior pe...

Median Eminence - Raised area at the infundibular region of the HYPOTHALAMUS at the floor of the BRAIN, ventral to the...

Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus - The largest of the medial nuclei of the thalamus. It makes extensive connections with most of the ot...

Medulla Oblongata - The lower portion of the BRAIN STEM. It is inferior to the PONS and anterior to the CEREBELLUM. Medu...

Melanotrophs - Neuroendocrine cells in the INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF PITUITARY. They produce MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORM...

Meninges - The three membranes that cover the BRAIN and the SPINAL CORD. They are the dura mater, the arachnoid...

Mesencephalon - The middle of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain. Without further subdivis...

Metencephalon - The anterior portion of the developing hindbrain. It gives rise to the CEREBELLUM and the PONS....

Midline Thalamic Nuclei - Small, nonspecific nerve cells scattered in the periventricular gray matter, separating the medial p...

Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal - Axons of certain cells in the DENTATE GYRUS. They project to the polymorphic layer of the dentate gy...

Motor Cortex - Area of the frontal lobe concerned with primary motor control. It lies anterior to the central sulcu...

Myelencephalon - The most posterior portion of the hindbrain from which MEDULLA OBLONGATA is derived....

Neocortex - The largest portion of the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is composed of NEURONS arranged in six layers....

Neostriatum - The phylogenetically newer part of the CORPUS STRIATUM consisting of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and PUTAMEN...

Nucleus Accumbens - Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in...

Occipital Lobe - Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere....

Olfactory Bulb - Ovoid body resting on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone where the olfactory nerve terminates....

Olfactory Pathways - Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. It includes...

Parahippocampal Gyrus - A convolution on the inferior surface of each cerebral hemisphere, lying between the hippocampal and...

Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Nucleus in the anterior part of the hypothalamus....

Parietal Lobe - Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere....

Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus - Dense collection of cells in the caudal pontomesencephalic tegmentum known to play a role in the fun...

Perforant Pathway - A pathway of fibers that originates in the lateral part of the ENTORHINAL CORTEX, perforates the SUB...

Periaqueductal Gray - Central gray matter surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the mesencephalon. Physiologically it is pr...

Pia Mater - The innermost layer of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the fine vascula...

Pineal Gland - A light-sensitive neuroendocrine organ attached to the roof of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain. The...

Pituitary Gland - A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a shor...

Pituitary Gland, Anterior - The anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis. It secretes t...

Pituitary Gland, Intermediate - The intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. It shows considerable size variation among the species...

Pituitary Gland, Posterior - Neural tissue of the pituitary gland, also known as the neurohypophysis. It consists of the distal A...

Pons - The front part of hindbrain that lies between MEDULLA OBLONGATA and the midbrain (MESENCEPHALON) ven...

Posterior Horn Cells - Neurons in the posterior (dorsal) horn of the spinal cord whose cell bodies and processes are confin...

Posterior Thalamic Nuclei - A transitional diencephalic zone of the thalamus consisting of complex and varied cells lying caudal...

Prefrontal Cortex - The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which re...

Preoptic Area - Region of hypothalamus between the anterior commissure and optic chiasm....

Prosencephalon - The anterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain arising from the NEURAL...

Pulvinar - Large mass of nuclei forming the most caudal portion of the thalamus and overhanging the geniculate ...

Purkinje Cells - The output neurons of the cerebellar cortex....

Putamen - The largest and most lateral of the basal ganglia lying between the lateral medullary lamina of the ...

Pyramidal Cells - Projection neurons in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped...

Pyramidal Tracts - Fibers that arise from cells within the cerebral cortex, pass through the medullary pyramid, and des...

Raphe Nuclei - Collections of small neurons centrally scattered among many fibers from the level of the trochlear n...

Red Nucleus - A pinkish-yellow portion of the midbrain situated in the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum. It receive...

Reticular Formation - A region extending from the PONS & MEDULLA OBLONGATA through the MESENCEPHALON, characterized by a d...

Rhombencephalon - The posterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of an embryonic brain. It consists of myelenc...

Septal Nuclei - Neural nuclei situated in the septal region. They have afferent and cholinergic efferent connections...

Septum of Brain - Gray matter structures of the telencephalon and limbic system in the brain, but containing widely va...

Septum Pellucidum - A triangular double membrane separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles of the brain. I...

Solitary Nucleus - Gray matter located in the dorsomedial part of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA associated with the solitary tr...

Somatosensory Cortex - Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving general sensations. It lies posterior to the cent...

Somatotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that produce GROWTH HORMONE....

Substantia Gelatinosa - Gelatinous-appearing material in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, consisting chiefly of Golgi typ...

Substantia Innominata - Tissue in the base of the forebrain inferior to the anterior perforated substance, and anterior to t...

Substantia Nigra - The black substance in the ventral midbrain or the nucleus of cells containing the black substance. ...

Subthalamic Nucleus - Lens-shaped structure on the inner aspect of the internal capsule. The subthalamic nucleus and pathw...

Subthalamus - A transition zone in the anterior part of the diencephalon interposed between the thalamus, hypothal...

Superior Colliculi - The anterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which contain the centers for visual function....

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus - An ovoid densely packed collection of small cells of the anterior hypothalamus lying close to the mi...

Supraoptic Nucleus - Hypothalamic nucleus overlying the beginning of the optic tract....

Tectum Mesencephali - The dorsal portion or roof of the midbrain. It is composed of two pairs of bumps, the inferior and t...

Tegmentum Mesencephali - The portion of midbrain situated under the dorsal TECTUM MESENCEPHALI. The two ventrolateral cylindr...

Telencephalon - The anterior subdivision of the embryonic forebrain (prosencephalon) or the corresponding part of th...

Temporal Lobe - Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere....

Thalamic Nuclei - Several groups of nuclei in the thalamus that serve as the major relay centers for sensory impulses ...

Thalamus - Paired bodies containing mostly gray substance and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ven...

Third Ventricle - A narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami....

Thyrotrophs - Anterior pituitary cells that produce THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE....

Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus - The caudal portion of the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS, SPINAL), a nuc...

Trigeminal Nuclei - Nuclei of the trigeminal nerve situated in the brain stem. They include the nucleus of the spinal tr...

Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal - Nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. It is divided cytoarchitectonically into three ...

Tuber Cinereum - Layer of gray matter in the hypothalamus that also forms part of the floor of the third ventricle an...

Ventral Tegmental Area - A region in the mesencephalon which is dorsomedial to the substantia nigra and ventral to the red nu...

Ventral Thalamic Nuclei - A large group of nuclei lying between the internal medullary lamina and the internal capsule. It inc...

Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus - A nucleus of the middle hypothalamus, the largest cell group of the tuberal region with small-to-med...

Vestibular Nuclei - The four cellular masses in the floor of the fourth ventricle giving rise to a widely dispersed spec...

Vestibular Nucleus, Lateral - Vestibular nucleus lying immediately superior to the inferior vestibular nucleus and composed of lar...

Visual Cortex - Area of the occipital lobe concerned with vision....

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