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Immune System

Categorical breakdown of terms falling inder the category of Immune System. Sub categories will become more specific in nature to the terms listed for Immune System.

Sub-Categories

Terms

Adenoids - A collection of lymphoid nodules on the posterior wall and roof of the NASOPHARYNX....

Antibody-Producing Cells - Cells of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called an...

Antigen-Presenting Cells - A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processi...

Basophils - Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm contai...

B-Lymphocyte Subsets - A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cel...

B-Lymphocytes - Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived ...

Bone Marrow - The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yell...

Bursa of Fabricius - An epithelial outgrowth of the cloaca in birds similar to the thymus in mammals. It atrophies within...

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions...

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions...

Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells - Mononuclear leukocytes that have been expanded in CELL CULTURE and activated with CYTOKINES such as ...

Dendritic Cells - Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throu...

Dendritic Cells, Follicular - Non-hematopoietic cells, with extensive dendritic processes, found in the primary and secondary foll...

Endothelium, Lymphatic - Unbroken cellular lining (intima) of the lymph vessels (e.g., the high endothelial lymphatic venules...

Enterochromaffin Cells - A subtype of enteroendocrine cells found in the gastrointestinal MUCOSA, particularly in the glands ...

Eosinophils - Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chrom...

Epithelioid Cells - Characteristic cells of granulomatous hypersensitivity. They appear as large, flattened cells with i...

Foam Cells - Lipid-laden macrophages originating from monocytes or from smooth muscle cells....

Germinal Center - The activated center of a lymphoid follicle in secondary lymphoid tissue where B-LYMPHOCYTES are sti...

Giant Cells, Foreign-Body - Multinucleated cells (fused macrophages), characteristic of granulomatous inflammation, which form a...

Giant Cells, Langhans - Multinucleated cells (fused macrophages) seen in granulomatous inflammations such as tuberculosis, s...

Granulocytes - Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to ...

Histiocytes - Macrophages found in the TISSUES, as opposed to those found in the blood (MONOCYTES) or serous cavit...

Immune System - The body's defense mechanism against foreign organisms or substances and deviant native cells. It in...

Immunological Synapses - The interfaces between T-CELLS and ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS. Supramolecular organization of proteins...

Jurkat Cells - A CELL LINE derived from human T-CELL LEUKEMIA and used to determine the mechanism of differential s...

Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated - Cytolytic lymphocytes with the unique capacity of killing natural killer (NK)-resistant fresh tumor ...

Killer Cells, Natural - Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against tran...

Kupffer Cells - Specialized phagocytic cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM found on the luminal surface of the...

Langerhans Cells - Recirculating, dendritic, antigen-presenting cells containing characteristic racket-shaped granules ...

Leukocytes - White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as we...

Leukocytes, Mononuclear - Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They ar...

Lymph Nodes - They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system....

Lymphatic System - A system of organs and tissues that process and transport immune cells and LYMPH....

Lymphatic Vessels - Tubular vessels that are involved in the transport of LYMPH and LYMPHOCYTES....

Lymphocyte Subsets - A classification of lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells...

Lymphocytes - White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, i...

Lymphocytes, Null - A class of lymphocytes characterized by the lack of surface markers specific for either T or B lymph...

Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating - Lymphocytes that show specificity for autologous tumor cells. Ex vivo isolation and culturing of TIL...

Lymphoid Tissue - Specialized tissues that are components of the lymphatic system. They provide fixed locations within...

Macrophages - The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES...

Macrophages, Alveolar - Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled...

Macrophages, Peritoneal - Mononuclear phagocytes derived from bone marrow precursors but resident in the peritoneum....

Mast Cells - Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastroint...

Monocytes - Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into th...

Monocytes, Activated Killer - Monocytes made cytotoxic by IN VITRO incubation with CYTOKINES, especially INTERFERON-GAMMA. The cel...

Mononuclear Phagocyte System - Mononuclear cells with pronounced phagocytic ability that are distributed extensively in lymphoid an...

Natural Killer T-Cells - A specialized subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES that exhibit features of INNATE IMMUNITY similar to that of NA...

Neutrophils - Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chroma...

Palatine Tonsil - A round-to-oval mass of lymphoid tissue embedded in the lateral wall of the PHARYNX. There is one on...

Peyer's Patches - Lymphoid tissue on the mucosa of the small intestine....

Plasma Cells - Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. T...

Th1 Cells - Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon,...

Th2 Cells - Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-...

Thoracic Duct - The largest lymphatic vessel that passes through the chest and drains into the SUBCLAVIAN VEIN....

Thymus Gland - A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the...

T-Lymphocyte Subsets - A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxi...

T-Lymphocytes - Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LY...

T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphoc...

T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer - Subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes that cooperate with other lymphocytes (either T or B) to initiate ...

T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - CD4-positive T cells that inhibit immunopathology or autoimmune disease in vivo. They inhibit the im...

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Common Chronic Illnesses

Coronary Disease

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
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Hypertension

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

Mesothelioma

A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Osteoarthritis

A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.

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