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Peptides

Categorical breakdown of terms falling inder the category of Peptides. Sub categories will become more specific in nature to the terms listed for Peptides.

Sub-Categories

Terms

14-3-3 Proteins - A large family of signal-transducing adaptor proteins present in wide variety of eukaryotes. They ar...

1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II - An ANGIOTENSIN II analog which acts as a highly specific inhibitor of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR....

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases - Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of CYCLIC AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. The enzymes are w...

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases - Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP to yield guanosine-5'-phosphate....

4-1BB Ligand - A membrane bound member of the TNF superfamily that is expressed on activated B-LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPH...

A Kinase Anchor Proteins - A structurally-diverse family of intracellular-signaling adaptor proteins that selectively tether sp...

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine - Peptidoglycan immunoadjuvant originally isolated from bacterial cell wall fragments; also acts as py...

Activating Transcription Factor 6 - One of the BASIC-LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that is synthesized as a membrane-bound protei...

Activins - Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate...

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain...

Adenylate Cyclase - An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. ...

Adipokines - Polypeptides produced by the ADIPOCYTES. They include LEPTIN; ADIPONECTIN; RESISTIN; and many cytoki...

Adiponectin - A 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the...

ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 - ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1 is involved in regulating intracellular transport by modulating the intera...

ADP-Ribosylation Factors - MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that were initially recognized as allosteric activators of the MONO(A...

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROI...

Adrenomedullin - A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and A...

Agouti Signaling Protein - A secreted protein of approximately 131 amino acids (depending on species) that regulates the synthe...

Agouti-Related Protein - A secreted protein of approximately 131 amino acids that is related to AGOUTI SIGNALING PROTEIN and ...

Alamethicin - A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trich...

alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin - Glycoprotein found in alpha(1)-globulin region in human serum. It inhibits chymotrypsin-like protein...

alpha 1-Antitrypsin - Plasma glycoprotein member of the serpin superfamily which inhibits TRYPSIN; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; an...

alpha-2-Antiplasmin - A member of the serpin superfamily found in plasma that inhibits the lysis of fibrin clots which are...

Alpha-Amanitin - A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POL...

alpha-Defensins - DEFENSINS found in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and in the secretory granules of intestinal ...

alpha-Endorphin - An endogenous opioid peptide derived from BETA-LIPOTROPIN of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system....

alpha-MSH - A 13-amino acid peptide derived from proteolytic cleavage of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, the N-term...

Amanitins - Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors o...

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular ene...

Angiogenic Proteins - Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins that regulate the proliferation of new blood vessels u...

Angiopoietin-1 - The first to be discovered member of the angiopoietin family. It may play a role in increasing the s...

Angiopoietin-2 - An angiopoietin that is closely related to ANGIOPOIETIN-1. It binds to the TIE-2 RECEPTOR without re...

Angiopoietins - A family of structurally-related angiogenic proteins of approximately 70 kDa in size. They have high...

Angiostatic Proteins - Proteins that specifically inhibit the growth of new blood vessels (ANGIOGENESIS, PHYSIOLOGIC)....

Angiostatins - Circulating 38-kDa proteins that are internal peptide fragments of PLASMINOGEN. The name derives fro...

Angiotensin Amide - The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction....

Angiotensin I - A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited bio...

Angiotensin II - An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after ...

Angiotensin III - A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AM...

Angiotensinogen - An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver an...

Angiotensins - Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid h...

Antigens, CD43 - A sialic acid-rich protein and an integral cell membrane mucin. It plays an important role in activa...

Antigens, CD45 - High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopo...

Antigens, CD70 - A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds t...

Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induce...

Antipain - An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor....

Antithrombin III - A plasma alpha 2 glycoprotein that accounts for the major antithrombin activity of normal plasma and...

Antithrombins - An endogenous family of proteins belonging to the serpin superfamily that neutralizes the action of ...

Apoptosis Inducing Factor - A flavoprotein that functions as a powerful antioxidant in the MITOCHONDRIA and promotes APOPTOSIS w...

Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - A large group of proteins that control APOPTOSIS. This family of proteins includes many ONCOGENE PRO...

Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 - A CARD signaling adaptor protein that plays a role in the mitochondria-stimulated apoptosis (APOPTOS...

Aptamers, Peptide - Peptide sequences, generated by iterative rounds of SELEX APTAMER TECHNIQUE, that bind to a target m...

Arginine Vasopressin - The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE a...

ARNTL Transcription Factors - Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins that play important roles in CIRCADIAN RHYT...

Aspartame - Flavoring agent sweeter than sugar, metabolized as PHENYLALANINE and ASPARTIC ACID....

Atrial Natriuretic Factor - A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEP...

Autocrine Motility Factor - A protein cytokine secreted by tumor cells. It elicits increases in cell motility and phosphoinositi...

Bacitracin - A complex of cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by the Tracy-I strain of Bacillus subtilis. The com...

B-Cell Activating Factor - A tumor necrosis factor superfamily member that plays a role in the regulation of B-LYMPHOCYTE survi...

bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein - A multi-domain mitochondrial membrane protein and member of the bcl-2 Protein family. Bak protein in...

bcl-2-Associated X Protein - A member of the Bcl-2 protein family and homologous partner of C-BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN. It re...

bcl-Associated Death Protein - A pro-apoptotic protein and member of the Bcl-2 protein family that is regulated by PHOSPHORYLATION....

bcl-X Protein - A member of the bcl-2 protein family that plays a role in the regulation of APOPTOSIS. Two major iso...

beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases - G-protein-coupled receptor kinases that mediate agonist-dependent PHOSPHORYLATION and desensitizatio...

beta-Defensins - DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells....

beta-Endorphin - A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPT...

beta-Lipotropin - A 90-amino acid peptide derived from post-translational processing of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in...

beta-MSH - An 18-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of gamma-lipotropin which is the N-terminal...

beta-Thromboglobulin - A platelet-specific protein which is released when platelets aggregate. Elevated plasma levels have ...

BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein - A member of the Bcl-2 protein family that reversibly binds MEMBRANES. It is a pro-apoptotic protein ...

Bleomycin - A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin ...

Bombesin - A tetradecapeptide originally obtained from the skins of toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. It ...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 - A bone morphogenetic protein family member that includes an active tolloid-like metalloproteinase do...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 - A protein that plays a role in GRANULOSA CELLS where it regulates folliculogenesis. Mutations in the...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 - A bone morphogenetic protein that is found at high concentrations in a purified osteoinductive prote...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 - A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of bone formation. It also functions as a regu...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5 - A bone morphogenetic protein that may play a role in CARTILAGE formation. It is a potent regulator o...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 - A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of BONE formation. It plays additional roles i...

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 - A bone morphogenetic protein that is widely expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It is both a pot...

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins - Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily o...

Bradykinin - A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a pote...

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - A member of the nerve growth factor family of trophic factors. In the brain BDNF has a trophic actio...

Buserelin - A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6...

Caerulein - A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein i...

Calcineurin - A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is composed of the calc...

Calcitonin - A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyro...

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide - Calcitonin gene-related peptide. A 37-amino acid peptide derived from the calcitonin gene. It occurs...

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase - A regulatory calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that specifically phosphorylates CALCIUM-CA...

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1 - A monomeric calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that is expressed in a broad variety...

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 - A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric p...

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4 - A monomeric calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that is primarily expressed in neuro...

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases - A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also so...

Calmodulin - A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The bindi...

Calnexin - A lectin found in ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM membranes that binds to specific N-linked OLIGOSACCHARIDES f...

Calreticulin - A multifunctional protein that is found primarily within membrane-bound organelles. In the ENDOPLASM...

Capreomycin - Cyclic peptide antibiotic similar to VIOMYCIN. It is produced by Streptomyces capreolus....

CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins - A family of intracellular signaling adaptor proteins that contain caspase activation and recruitment...

Carnosine - A naturally occurring dipeptide neuropeptide found in muscles....

Casein Kinase I - A casein kinase that was originally described as a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 30-40...

Casein Kinase Ialpha - A casein kinase I isoenzyme that plays a role in intracellular signaling pathways including the CELL...

Casein Kinase Idelta - A casein kinase I isoenzyme that plays a regulatory role in a variety of cellular functions includin...

Casein Kinase Iepsilon - A casein kinase I isoenzyme with specificity for proteins involved the regulation of the CIRCADIAN R...

Casein Kinase II - A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulato...

Casein Kinases - A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for ...

CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein - An APOPTOSIS-regulating protein that is structurally related to CASPASE 8 and competes with CASPASE ...

Caspase 1 - A long pro-domain caspase that has specificity for the precursor form of INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. It plays...

Caspase 10 - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a death effector domain in its pro-domain region. Activation...

Caspase 12 - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a caspase recruitment domain in its pro-domain region. Caspa...

Caspase 14 - A short pro-domain caspase that is almost exclusively expressed in the EPIDERMIS and may play a role...

Caspase 2 - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a caspase recruitment domain in its pro-domain region. Activ...

Caspase 3 - A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CA...

Caspase 6 - A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CA...

Caspase 7 - A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CA...

Caspase 8 - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a death effector domain in its pro-domain region. Caspase 8 ...

Caspase 9 - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a caspase recruitment domain in its pro-domain region. Caspa...

Caspases - A family of intracellular CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that play a role in regulating INFLAMMATION and AP...

Caspases, Effector - A subclass of caspases that contain short pro-domain regions. They are activated by the proteolytic ...

Caspases, Initiator - A subtype of caspases that contain long pro-domain regions that regulate the activation of the enzym...

Cathelicidins - Antimicrobial cationic peptides with a highly conserved amino terminal cathelin-like domain and a mo...

Caveolin 1 - A tyrosine phosphoprotein that plays an essential role in CAVEOLAE formation. It binds CHOLESTEROL a...

Caveolin 2 - Caveolin 2 is a binding partner of CAVEOLIN 1. It undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by C-SRC PROTEI...

CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins - A family of secreted proteins found associated with the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and cell surface recept...

CD30 Ligand - A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that binds ...

CD40 Ligand - A membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells that binds t...

CDC2 Protein Kinase - Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL ...

cdc25 Phosphatases - A subclass of dual specificity phosphatases that play a role in the progression of the CELL CYCLE. T...

CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae - A protein kinase encoded by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC28 gene and required for progression fro...

CDC2-CDC28 Kinases - A family of cell cycle-dependent kinases that are related in structure to CDC28 PROTEIN KINASE; S CE...

cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein - A member of the Rho family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is associated with a diverse array ...

cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae - A member of the Rho family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS from SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. It is in...

Cecropins - Antimicrobial peptides that form channels in membranes that are more permeable to anions than cation...

Chalones - Peptides that inhibit mitosis (ANTIMITOTICS). During the 1960's the term referred to crude extracts ...

Charybdotoxin - A 37-amino acid residue peptide isolated from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus. It is a...

Chemokine CCL1 - A CC-type chemokine secreted by activated MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for CCR8 R...

Chemokine CCL11 - A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a potent chemoattractant for EOSINOPH...

Chemokine CCL17 - A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTOR...

Chemokine CCL19 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards T LYMPHOCYTES and B...

Chemokine CCL2 - A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specif...

Chemokine CCL20 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR6 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards DENDRITIC CELLS; T-...

Chemokine CCL21 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards DENDRITIC CELLS and...

Chemokine CCL22 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards TH2 CELLS and TC2 C...

Chemokine CCL24 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS....

Chemokine CCL27 - A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR10 RECEPTORS. It is constitutively expressed in the skin...

Chemokine CCL3 - A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for N...

Chemokine CCL4 - A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for NK CELLS; MONOCYTES ...

Chemokine CCL5 - A CC-type chemokine that is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS; MONOCYTES; and LYMPHOCYTES. It is a p...

Chemokine CCL7 - A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. C...

Chemokine CCL8 - A monocyte chemoattractant protein that attracts MONOCYTES; LYMPHOCYTES; BASOPHILS; and EOSINOPHILS....

Chemokine CX3CL1 - A CX3C chemokine that is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of cells. The soluble form of ...

Chemokine CXCL1 - A CXC chemokine with specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS. It has growth factor activities and is implica...

Chemokine CXCL10 - A CXC chemokine that is induced by GAMMA-INTERFERON and is chemotactic for MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYT...

Chemokine CXCL11 - A CXC chemokine that is induced by GAMMA-INTERFERON. It is a chemotactic factor for activated T-LYMP...

Chemokine CXCL12 - A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR4 RE...

Chemokine CXCL13 - A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for B-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR5 RECEPTORS....

Chemokine CXCL2 - A CXC chemokine that is synthesized by activated MONOCYTES and NEUTROPHILS. It has specificity for C...

Chemokine CXCL5 - A CXC chemokine that is predominantly expressed in EPITHELIAL CELLS. It has specificity for the CXCR...

Chemokine CXCL6 - A CXC chemokine that has stimulatory and chemotactic activities towards NEUTROPHILS. It has specific...

Chemokine CXCL9 - An INTEFERON-inducible CXC chemokine that is specific for the CXCR3 RECEPTOR....

Chemokines - Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. They c...

Chemokines, C - Group of chemokines without adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes only....

Chemokines, CC - Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eo...

Chemokines, CX3C - Group of chemokines with the first two cysteines separated by three amino acids. CX3C chemokines are...

Chemokines, CXC - Group of chemokines with paired cysteines separated by a different amino acid. CXC chemokines are ch...

Chimerin 1 - A GTPase activating protein that is specific for RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is expressed primarily...

Chimerin Proteins - A family of GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINS that are specific for RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS....

Cholecystokinin - A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the ce...

Chorionic Gonadotropin - A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUT...

Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human - The beta subunit of human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Its structure is similar to the beta subunit of LU...

Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor - A neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of various neuronal cell types and may play an impo...

Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins - A broad category of proteins that regulate the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM of an organism. Included here are pr...

CLOCK Proteins - Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins that contain intrinsic HISTONE ACETYLTRANSF...

Colistin - Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or C...

Colony-Stimulating Factors - Glycoproteins found in a subfraction of normal mammalian plasma and urine. They stimulate the prolif...

Colony-Stimulating Factors, Recombinant - COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS prepared by recombinant DNA technology....

Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins - Serum proteins that inhibit, antagonize, or inactivate COMPLEMENT C1 or its subunits....

Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein - An endogenous 105-kDa plasma glycoprotein produced primarily by the LIVER and MONOCYTES. It inhibits...

Connective Tissue Growth Factor - A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHES...

Cortactin - A microfilament protein that interacts with F-ACTIN and regulates cortical actin assembly and organi...

Corticotropin-Like Intermediate Lobe Peptide - A peptide derived from the cleavage of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, found primarily in the INTERMEDI...

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone - A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is...

Cosyntropin - A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTIC...

C-Peptide - The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. ...

CRADD Signaling Adaptor Protein - A death domain receptor signaling adaptor protein that plays a role in signaling the activation of I...

Crk-Associated Substrate Protein - Crk-associated substrate was originally identified as a highly phosphorylated 130 kDa protein that a...

Cryptochromes - Flavoproteins that function as circadian rhythm signaling proteins in ANIMALS and as blue-light phot...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits - Specific enzyme subunits that form the active sites of the type I and type II cyclic-AMP protein kin...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit - A type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP ...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIbeta Subunit - A type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP ...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit - A type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta Subunit - A type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I - A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subtype primarily found in the CYTOPLASM. They are tetrameric ...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II - A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subtype primarily found in particulate subcellular fractions. ...

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or TH...

Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - A group of enzymes that are dependent on cyclic GMP and catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or t...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1 - A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily. The three members ...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is activated by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is inhibited by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is found predominantly in inflammatory cells an...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found ...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found ...

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 7 - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC AMP. Several isof...

Cyclic Nucleotide-Regulated Protein Kinases - A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues of proteins an...

Cyclin A - A cyclin subtype that has specificity for CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2. It play...

Cyclin A1 - A cyclin A subtype primarily found in male GERM CELLS. It may play a role in the passage of SPERMATO...

Cyclin A2 - A widely-expressed cyclin A subtype that functions during the G1/S and G2/M transitions of the CELL ...

Cyclin B - A cyclin subtype that is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE. It stimulates...

Cyclin B1 - A cyclin B subtype that colocalizes with MICROTUBULES during INTERPHASE and is transported into the ...

Cyclin B2 - A cyclin B subtype that colocalizes with GOLGI APPARATUS during INTERPHASE and is transported into t...

Cyclin C - A cyclin subtype that binds to the CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 3 and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 8. Cyclin C...

Cyclin D - A cyclin subtype that is specific for CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 6. Unlik...

Cyclin D1 - Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpr...

Cyclin D2 - A cyclin D subtype which is regulated by GATA4 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. Experiments using KNOCKOUT MICE...

Cyclin D3 - A broadly expressed type D cyclin. Experiments using KNOCKOUT MICE suggest a role for cyclin D3 in L...

Cyclin E - A 50-kDa protein that complexes with CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2 in the late G1 phase of the cell cycl...

Cyclin G - A cyclin subtype that is found associated with CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 5; cyclin G associated kinase...

Cyclin G1 - A cyclin G subtype that is constitutively expressed throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin G1 is consider...

Cyclin G2 - An unusual cyclin subtype that is found highly expressed in terminally differentiated cells. Unlike ...

Cyclin H - A cyclin subtype that is found as a component of a heterotrimeric complex containing cyclin-dependen...

Cyclin I - A cyclin subtype that is found abundantly in post-mitotic tissues. In contrast to the classical cycl...

Cyclin T - A cyclin subtype that is found associated with CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 9. Unlike traditional cyclins...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 - A key regulator of CELL CYCLE progression. It partners with CYCLIN E to regulate entry into S PHASE ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 3 - A cyclin-dependent kinase that forms a complex with CYCLIN C and is active during the G1 PHASE of th...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 - Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 is a key regulator of G1 PHASE of the CELL CYCLE. It partners with CYCLIN ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 - A serine-threonine kinase that plays important roles in CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MIGRATION; and CE...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 - Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 associates with CYCLIN D and phosphorylates RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN during ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 - A CYCLIN C dependent kinase that is an important component of the mediator complex. The enzyme is ac...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9 - A multifunctional CDC2 kinase-related kinase that plays roles in transcriptional elongation, CELL DI...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 - An INK4 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor containing four ANKYRIN-LIKE REPEATS. INK4B is often inact...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 - A product of the p16 tumor suppressor gene (GENES, P16). It is also called INK4 or INK4A because it ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18 - An INK4 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor containing five ANKYRIN-LIKE REPEATS. Aberrant expression ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p19 - An INK4 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor containing five ANKYRIN REPEATS. Aberrant expression of th...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 - A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that mediates TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53-dependent CELL CYCLE ...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 - A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that coordinates the activation of CYCLIN and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT K...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 - A potent inhibitor of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES in G1 PHASE and S PHASE. In humans, aberrant expressi...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins - A group of cell cycle proteins that negatively regulate the activity of CYCLIN/CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINA...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases - Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical associati...

Cyclins - A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEP...

Cyclosporine - A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a speci...

Cyclosporins - A group of closely related cyclic undecapeptides from the fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Cylindoca...

Cyclotides - A continuous circle of peptide bonds, typically of 2-3 dozen AMINO ACIDS, so there is no free N- or ...

Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 - A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHES...

Cytokines - Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as...

Dactinomycin - A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOM...

D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Met(0)-ol-enkephalin - A stable synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin (ENKEPHALIN, METHIONINE). Actions are similar to ...

Daptomycin - A cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that inhibits GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA....

Deamino Arginine Vasopressin - A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VAS...

Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins - Intracellular signaling adaptor proteins that bind to the cytoplasmic death domain region found on D...

Defensins - Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are ...

Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide - A nonapeptide that is found in neurons, peripheral organs, and plasma. This neuropeptide induces mai...

Depsipeptides - Compounds consisting of chains of AMINO ACIDS alternating with CARBOXYLIC ACIDS via ester and amide ...

Dermcidins - 47-amino acid peptides secreted by ECCRINE GLANDS and having a role in innate cutaneous defense, bei...

Diazepam Binding Inhibitor - An 86-amino acid polypeptide, found in central and peripheral tissues, that displaces diazepam from ...

Dipeptides - Peptides composed of two amino acid units....

Disintegrins - A family of polypeptides purified from snake venoms, which contain the arginine-glycine-aspartic aci...

Distamycins - Oligopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces distallicus. Their binding to DNA inhibits synthesis of n...

Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 - A dual specificity phosphatase subtype that plays a role in intracellular signal transduction by ina...

Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2 - A dual specificity phosphatase subtype that plays a role in intracellular signal transduction by ina...

Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3 - A dual specificity phosphatase subtype that plays a role in intracellular signal transduction by ina...

Dual Specificity Phosphatase 6 - A dual specificity phosphatase subtype that plays a role in intracellular signal transduction by ina...

Dual-Specificity Phosphatases - A sub-class of protein tyrosine phosphatases that contain an additional phosphatase activity which c...

Dynorphins - A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptid...

E2F1 Transcription Factor - An E2F transcription factor that interacts directly with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN and CYCLIN A and act...

Echinocandins - Cyclic hexapeptides of proline-ornithine-threonine-proline-threonine-serine. The cyclization with a ...

Echinomycin - A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DN...

Ectodysplasins - Transmembrane proteins belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that play an essential rol...

Edar-Associated Death Domain Protein - A tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor that acts as a specific signaling adaptor protein...

Edeine - Basic peptide antibiotic from Bacillus brevis. It exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and...

eIF-2 Kinase - A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. In...

Elafin - A secretory proteinase inhibitory protein that was initially purified from human SKIN. It is found i...

Eledoisin - A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollus...

Elongation Factor 2 Kinase - A monomeric calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that specifically phosphorylates PEP...

Enalapril - One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS that is used to treat hypertension....

Enalaprilat - The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and a potent intravenously administered angiotensin-converting en...

Endorphins - One of the three major groups of endogenous opioid peptides. They are large peptides derived from th...

Endostatins - Angiostatic proteins that are formed from proteolytic cleavage of COLLAGEN TYPE XVIII....

Endothelial Growth Factors - These growth factors are soluble mitogens secreted by a variety of organs. The factors are a mixture...

Endothelin-1 - A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-m...

Endothelin-2 - A 21-amino acid peptide produced predominantly within the kidney and intestine, with smaller amounts...

Endothelin-3 - A 21-amino acid peptide that circulates in the plasma, but its source is not known. Endothelin-3 has...

Endothelins - 21-Amino-acid peptides produced by vascular endothelial cells and functioning as potent vasoconstric...

Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- - An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for dru...

Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)- - A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses an...

Enkephalin, Leucine - One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in t...

Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine - A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial bl...

Enkephalin, Methionine - One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by t...

Enkephalins - One of the three major families of endogenous opioid peptides. The enkephalins are pentapeptides tha...

Enterobactin - An iron-binding cyclic trimer of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine. It is produced by E COLI and othe...

Enviomycin - Cyclic basic peptide related to VIOMYCIN. It is isolated from an induced mutant of Streptomyces gris...

Ephrin-A1 - An ephrin that was originally identified as the product of an early response gene induced by TUMOR N...

Ephrin-A2 - A GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR-containing ephrin with a high affinity for the EPHA3 RE...

Ephrin-A3 - A GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR containing ephrin with a high affinity for the EPHA3 RE...

Ephrin-A4 - A GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR containing ephrin found in variety of adult tissue such...

Ephrin-A5 - A GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR containing ephrin found in developing tectum. It has be...

Ephrin-B1 - A transmembrane domain containing ephrin that is specific for EPHB1 RECEPTOR; EPHB2 RECEPTOR and EPH...

Ephrin-B2 - A transmembrane domain containing ephrin that binds with high affinity to EPHB1 RECEPTOR; EPHB3 RECE...

Ephrin-B3 - A transmembrane domain containing ephrin. Although originally found to be specific for the EPHB3 REC...

Ephrins - Signaling proteins that are ligands for the EPH FAMILY RECEPTORS. They are membrane-bound proteins t...

Epidermal Growth Factor - A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal...

Epoetin Alfa - This recombinant erythropoietin, a 165-amino acid glycoprotein (about 62% protein and 38% carbohydra...

Erythropoietin - Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the kidney in the adult and the liver in the fetus, that a...

Erythropoietin, Recombinant - ERYTHROPOIETIN prepared by recombinant DNA technology....

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B - A guanine nucleotide exchange factor that acts to restore EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2 to its GTP ...

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-5 - A eukaryotic initiation factor that interacts with the 40S initiation complex and promotes the hydro...

Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation...

Fas Ligand Protein - A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that was originally disco...

Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein - A signal-transducing adaptor protein that associates with TNF RECEPTOR complexes. It contains a deat...

Felypressin - A synthetic analog of LYPRESSIN with a PHENYLALANINE substitution at residue 2. Felypressin is a vas...

Ferrichrome - A cyclic peptide consisting of three residues of delta-N-hydroxy-delta-N-acetylornithine. It acts as...

Fibrinopeptide A - Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by th...

Fibrinopeptide B - Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the beta chains of fibrinogen by the...

Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 - A 17-kDa single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUN...

Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 - A fibroblast growth factor that is a mitogen for KERATINOCYTES. It activates FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTO...

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - A single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALI...

Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 - A fibroblast growth factor that is expressed primarily during development....

Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 - A HEPARIN binding fibroblast growth factor that may play a role in LIMB BUDS development....

Fibroblast Growth Factor 5 - A fibroblast growth factor that may play a role in regulation of HAIR FOLLICLE phenotype. Spontaneou...

Fibroblast Growth Factor 6 - A fibroblast growth factor that was initially identified based on its sequence similarity to FIBROBL...

Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 - A fibroblast growth factor that is a specific mitogen for EPITHELIAL CELLS. It binds a complex of HE...

Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 - A fibroblast growth factor that preferentially activates FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 4. It was...

Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 - A fibroblast growth factor that was originally identified as a mitogen for GLIAL CELLS. It is expres...

Fibroblast Growth Factors - A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong a...

Filgrastim - A hematopoietic growth factor which promotes proliferation and maturation of neutrophil granulocytes...

FMRFamide - A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct ...

Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - A family of non-receptor, PROLINE-rich protein-tyrosine kinases....

Follicle Stimulating Hormone - A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulati...

Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit - The beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone. It is a 15-kDa glycopolypeptide. Full biological a...

Galanin - A neuropeptide of 29-30 amino acids depending on the species. Galanin is widely distributed througho...

Galanin-Like Peptide - A neuropeptide that is highly homologous to GALANIN. It is produced by proteolytic processing of a l...

gamma-Endorphin - An endogenous opioid peptide derived from BETA-LIPOTROPIN of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system....

gamma-Lipotropin - A lipotropic peptide that is the N-terminal fragment of beta-lipotropin. It is a peptide of 56 amino...

gamma-MSH - An 11-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminal fragment of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). Gamma-...

Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - A gastrointestinal peptide hormone of about 43-amino acids. It is found to be a potent stimulator of...

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide - Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once rel...

Gastrins - A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may a...

Gelsolin - A 90-kDa protein produced by macrophages that severs ACTIN filaments and forms a cap on the newly ex...

Ghrelin - A 28-amino acid, acylated, orexigenic peptide that is a ligand for GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEP...

Glia Maturation Factor - A factor identified in the brain that influences the growth and differentiation of NEURONS and NEURO...

Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - The founding member of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family. It was originally cha...

Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factors - A family of closely related nerve growth factors that promote NEURON survival. They bind to GDNF REC...

Glucagon - A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestina...

Glue Proteins, Drosophila - Glycosylated proteins which are part of the salivary glue that Drosophila larvae secrete as a means ...

Glutathione - A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excreti...

Glutathione Disulfide - A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during th...

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 - A glycogen synthase kinase that was originally described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabo...

Glycogen Synthase Kinases - A class of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally found as one of the three types of k...

Glycopeptides - Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein...

Glycophorin - The major sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. It consists of at least two sialoglyc...

Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit - The alpha chain of pituitary glycoprotein hormones (THYROTROPIN; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; LUTEI...

Glycylglycine - The simplest of all peptides. It functions as a gamma-glutamyl acceptor....

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZI...

Gonadotropins, Equine - Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the...

Gonadotropins, Pituitary - Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR) that stimulate gonadal function...

Goserelin - A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments o...

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 1 - A PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASE that is found in PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. It mediates light-dependent ...

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 - A ubiquitously expressed G-protein-coupled receptor kinase subtype that has specificity for the agon...

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3 - A ubiquitously expressed G-protein-coupled receptor kinase subtype that has specificity for the agon...

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 - A G-protein-coupled receptor kinase subtype that is primarily expressed in the TESTES and BRAIN. Var...

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5 - A G-protein-coupled receptor kinase subtype that is primarily expressed in the MYOCARDIUM and may pl...

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases - A family of serine-threonine kinases that are specific for G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. They are reg...

Gramicidin - A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid p...

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor, Recombinant - Granulocyte colony stimulating factors prepared by recombinant DNA technology....

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor - A glycoprotein of MW 25 kDa containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferat...

Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factors, Recombinant - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors prepared by recombinant DNA technology....

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor - An acidic glycoprotein of MW 23 kDa with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in respon...

GRB10 Adaptor Protein - A binding partner for several RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES, including INSULIN RECEPTOR and INSU...

GRB2 Adaptor Protein - A signal transducing adaptor protein that links extracellular signals to the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SY...

GRB7 Adaptor Protein - A SH2 DOMAIN-containing protein that mediates SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathways from multiple CELL SURFAC...

Growth Differentiation Factor 1 - A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in the genesis of left-right asymmetry during vert...

Growth Differentiation Factor 10 - A growth differentiation factor that is closely-related in structure to BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 3...

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 - A growth differentiation factor that is secreted in response to cell stress and in response to MACRO...

Growth Differentiation Factor 2 - A growth differentiation factor that plays a regulatory role as a paracrine factor for a diverse arr...

Growth Differentiation Factor 3 - A growth differentiation factor that may play a role in maintaining the undifferentiated state of PL...

Growth Differentiation Factor 5 - A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in early CHONDROGENESIS and joint formation....

Growth Differentiation Factor 6 - A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in the neural differentiation, specifically in the...

Growth Differentiation Factor 9 - A bone morphogenetic protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of ovarian folliculogene...

Growth Differentiation Factors - A family of BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-related proteins that are primarily involved in regulation of...

Growth Hormone - A polypeptide that is secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Growth hormone, a...

Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone - A peptide of 44 amino acids in most species that stimulates the release and synthesis of GROWTH HORM...

GTPase-Activating Proteins - Proteins that activate the GTPase of specific GTP-BINDING PROTEINS....

GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2 - A PERTUSSIS TOXIN-sensitive GTP-binding protein alpha subunit. It couples with a variety of CELL SUR...

GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits - The GTPase-containing subunits of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins. When dissociated from the het...

GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13 - A ubiquitously expressed family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein alpha subunits that signal thr...

GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go - A family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein alpha subunits that were originally identified by the...

GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 - A family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein alpha subunits that activate TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES de...

GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs - A family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein alpha subunits that activate ADENYLATE CYCLASE....

GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits - Heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein subunits that tightly associate with GTP-BINDING PROTEIN GAMMA SU...

GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits - Heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein subunits that tightly associate with GTP-BINDING PROTEIN BETA SUB...

GTP-Binding Protein Regulators - Proteins that regulate the signaling activity of GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They are divided into three c...

Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors - Protein factors that inhibit the dissociation of GDP from GTP-BINDING PROTEINS....

Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors - Protein factors that promote the exchange of GTP for GDP bound to GTP-BINDING PROTEINS....

Guanine Nucleotide-Releasing Factor 2 - A 145-kDa guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is specific for rap1 and ras GTP-BINDING PROTEINS....

Guanylate Cyclase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts o...

Guanylate Cyclase-Activating Proteins - Neuronal calcium sensor proteins that regulate the activation of membrane-bound GUANYLATE CYCLASE. T...

Hedgehog Proteins - A family of intercellular signaling proteins that play and important role in regulating the developm...

Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors - These growth factors comprise a family of hematopoietic regulators with biological specificities def...

Heparin Cofactor II - A sulfated plasma protein with the MW of approximately 66kDa that resembles ANTITHROMBIN III. The pr...

Hepatocyte Growth Factor - Multifunctional growth factor which regulates both cell growth and cell motility. It exerts a strong...

Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins - GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that contain three non-identical subunits. They are found associated with membe...

Hippocalcin - A neuronal calcium-sensor protein that was initially found in the NEURONS of the HIPPOCAMPUS. It int...

Hirudins - Single-chain polypeptides of about 65 amino acids (7 kDa) from LEECHES that have a neutral hydrophob...

Histatins - A group of small, histidine-rich, cationic peptides in human SALIVA which are antibacterial and anti...

HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins - Basic glycoprotein members of the SERPIN SUPERFAMILY that function as COLLAGEN-specific MOLECULAR CH...

Human Growth Hormone - A 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIO...

Hypothalamic Hormones - Peptide hormones produced by NEURONS of various regions in the HYPOTHALAMUS. They are released into ...

I-kappa B Kinase - A protein serine-threonine kinase that catalyzes the PHOSPHORYLATION of I KAPPA B PROTEINS. This enz...

I-kappa B Proteins - A family of inhibitory proteins which bind to the REL PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS and modulate their act...

Inhibin-beta Subunits - They are glycopeptides and subunits in INHIBINS and ACTIVINS. Inhibins and activins belong to the tr...

Inhibins - Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted b...

Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins - A conserved class of proteins that control APOPTOSIS in both VERTEBRATES and INVERTEBRATES. IAP prot...

Insulin - A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, ...

Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins - A structurally-related group of signaling proteins that are phosphorylated by the INSULIN RECEPTOR P...

Insulin, Long-Acting - Insulin formulation containing substance which delays or retards time period of the absorption of in...

Insulin, NPH - An intermediate-acting INSULIN preparation with onset time of 2 hours and duration of 24 hours. It i...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the bloo...

Insulin-Like Growth Factor II - A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the LIVER and to circulate in the BL...

Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE C...

Interferon Alfa-2a - A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acids with lysine at position 23 and histidine...

Interferon Alfa-2b - A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acid residues with arginine in position 23 and...

Interferon Alfa-2c - A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acids with arginine at positions 23 and 34. It...

Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 - An interferon regulatory factor that binds upstream TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY ELEMENTS in the GENES...

Interferon Regulatory Factor-2 - An interferon regulatory factor that represses transcription of TYPE I INTERFERONS and activates tra...

Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 - An interferon regulatory factor that is expressed constitutively and undergoes POST-TRANSLATIONAL MO...

Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 - An interferon regulatory factor that is induced by INTERFERONS as well as LMP-1 protein from EPSTEIN...

Interferon Regulatory Factors - A family of transcription factors that share an N-terminal HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF and bind INTERFERO...

Interferon Type I - Interferon secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon...

Interferon Type I, Recombinant - A type I interferon with antiviral and antineoplastic activity produced by recombinant DNA technolog...

Interferon-alpha - One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In ad...

Interferon-beta - One of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactiva...

Interferon-gamma - The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is struct...

Interferon-gamma, Recombinant - A type II interferon produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is similar to the interferon secrete...

Interferons - Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resista...

Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 - A multimeric complex that functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. ISGF3 is assembled i...

Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, alpha Subunit - A heterodimeric complex of STAT1 PROTEIN and STAT2 PROTEIN that interacts with ISGF3GAMMA and is a s...

Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit - An interferon regulatory factor that recruits STAT1 PROTEIN and STAT2 PROTEIN heterodimers to interf...

Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein - A ligand that binds to but fails to activate the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR. It plays an inhibitory role...

Interleukin-1 - A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes a...

Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases - A family of intracellular signaling kinases that were identified by their ability to signal from the...

Interleukin-10 - A cytokine produced by a variety of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS;...

Interleukin-11 - A lymphohematopoietic cytokine that plays a role in regulating the proliferation of ERYTHROID PRECUR...

Interleukin-12 - A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-12 i...

Interleukin-12 Subunit p35 - A subunit of interleukin-12. It binds to the INTERLEUKIN-12 SUBUNIT P40 via a disulfide bond that re...

Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 - A cytokine subunit that is a component of both interleukin-12 and interleukin-23. It binds to the IN...

Interleukin-13 - A cytokine synthesized by T-LYMPHOCYTES that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switchin...

Interleukin-15 - Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and shares biological activities with IL...

Interleukin-16 - A cytokine produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that stimulates the migration of CD4-POSITIVE LYMPHOC...

Interleukin-17 - A proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T-LYMPHOCYTES or their precursors. Several subtypes...

Interleukin-18 - A cytokine which resembles IL-1 structurally and IL-12 functionally. It enhances the cytotoxic activ...

Interleukin-1alpha - An interleukin-1 subtype that occurs as a membrane-bound pro-protein form that is cleaved by proteas...

Interleukin-1beta - An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic ...

Interleukin-2 - A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA syn...

Interleukin-23 - A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-23 i...

Interleukin-23 Subunit p19 - A subunit of interleukin-23. It combines with INTERLEUKIN-12 SUBUNIT P40, which is shared between th...

Interleukin-3 - A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by LYMPHOCYTES; EPITHELIAL CELLS; and ASTROCYTES which st...

Interleukin-4 - A soluble factor produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that induces the expression of MHC CLASS II GEN...

Interleukin-5 - A cytokine that promotes differentiation and activation of EOSINOPHILS. It also triggers activated B...

Interleukin-6 - A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth fact...

Interleukin-7 - A cytokine produced by bone marrow stromal cells that promotes the growth of B-LYMPHOCYTE precursors...

Interleukin-8 - A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory r...

Interleukin-9 - A multifunctional cytokine secreted by primarily by activated TH2 CELLS that may play a role as a re...

Interleukins - Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types....

Intracellular Calcium-Sensing Proteins - Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins that bind to CALCIUM. They undergo allosteric changes ...

Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are pe...

JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - A subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 via the phos...

Kallidin - A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimul...

Kassinin - Dodecapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system of the amphibian Kassina senegalensis. ...

Kininogen, High-Molecular-Weight - A plasma protein, molecular weight of 110 kD, that normally exists in plasma in a 1:1 complex with P...

Kininogen, Low-Molecular-Weight - A protein, molecular weight 50 kD, located in various normal tissues. Upon cleavage by KALLIKREINS, ...

Kininogens - Endogenous peptides present in most body fluids. Certain enzymes convert them to active KININS which...

Kinins - A generic term used to describe a group of polypeptides with related chemical structures and pharmac...

Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins - A family of neuronal calcium-sensor proteins that interact with and regulate potassium channels, typ...

Left-Right Determination Factors - Signaling ligands that act in opposition to NODAL PROTEIN. During vertebrate development they regula...

Leptin - A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat...

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor - An INTERLEUKIN-6 related cytokine that exhibits pleiotrophic effects on many physiological systems t...

Leukocyte Migration-Inhibitory Factors - Protein factor(s) released by sensitized lymphocytes (and possibly other cells) that inhibit the mov...

Leupeptins - A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. Th...

Leuprolide - A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesi...

Lim Kinases - Serine protein kinases involved in the regulation of ACTIN polymerization and MICROTUBULE disassembl...

Lipopeptides - Compounds consisting of a short peptide chain conjugated with an acyl chain....

Lisinopril - One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been u...

Luteinizing Hormone - A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormon...

Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit - The beta subunit of luteinizing hormone. It is a 15-kDa glycopolypeptide with structure similar to t...

Lymphokines - Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those ...

Lymphotoxin alpha1, beta2 Heterotrimer - A heterotrimer complex consisting of one molecule of LYMPHOTOXIN-ALPHA and two molecules of the LYMP...

Lymphotoxin-alpha - A tumor necrosis factor family member that is released by activated LYMPHOCYTES. Soluble lymphotoxin...

Lymphotoxin-beta - A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on LYMPHOCYTES. It can form a heterotr...

Lypressin - The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VA...

Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor - A mononuclear phagocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) synthesized by mesenchymal cells. The comp...

Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins - Heparin-binding proteins that exhibit a number of inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. Orig...

Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors - Proteins released by sensitized LYMPHOCYTES and possibly other cells that inhibit the migration of M...

Macrophage-Activating Factors - Factors secreted by stimulated lymphocytes that prime macrophages to become nonspecifically cytotoxi...

Magainins - A class of antimicrobial peptides discovered in the skin of XENOPUS LAEVIS. They kill bacteria by pe...

MAP Kinase Kinase 1 - An abundant 43-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase subtype with specificity for MITOGEN-ACTI...

MAP Kinase Kinase 2 - A 44 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINA...

MAP Kinase Kinase 3 - A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for a subset of P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PR...

MAP Kinase Kinase 4 - A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES...

MAP Kinase Kinase 5 - A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 7....

MAP Kinase Kinase 6 - A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES...

MAP Kinase Kinase 7 - A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES...

MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 - A 195-kDa MAP kinase kinase kinase with broad specificity for MAP KINASE KINASES. It is found locali...

MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 2 - A 70-kDa MAP kinase kinase kinase with specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 5. It is activated during t...

MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3 - A 70-kDa MAPK kinase kinase with specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 5....

MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 4 - A 180-kDa MAP kinase kinase kinase with specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 4 and MAP KINASE KINASE 6....

MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 - A 150-kDa MAP kinase kinase kinase that may play a role in the induction of APOPTOSIS. It has specif...

MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that ...

Maturation-Promoting Factor - Protein kinase that drives both the mitotic and meiotic cycles in all eukaryotic organisms. In meios...

Mediator Complex - A large protein complex which acts as a signaling adaptor protein that allows communication between ...

Mediator Complex Subunit 1 - A mediator complex subunit that is believed to play a key role in the coactivation of nuclear recept...

Melanocortins - Peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which can stimulate MELANOCYTES or CORTICOTROPHS. ...

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones - Peptides with the ability to stimulate pigmented cells MELANOCYTES in mammals and MELANOPHORES in lo...

Melitten - Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has ...

Menotropins - Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins,...

Microcystins - Cyclic heptapeptides found in MICROCYSTIS and other CYANOBACTERIA. Hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effe...

Mikamycin - An antibiotic complex originally isolated from Streptomyces mitakaenis. It contains two principle in...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 - A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell ...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 10 - A c-jun amino-terminal kinase that is found predominantly within NEURONS of the BRAIN, suggesting a ...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11 - A 38-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase that is expressed in a broad variety of cell types. It may...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 12 - A 38-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase found primarily in SKELETAL MUSCLE....

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 13 - A 38-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase found expressed at high levels in LUNG; KIDNEY; TESTIS; PA...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 - A 38-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase that is abundantly expressed in a broad variety of cell ty...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - A 44-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that may play a role the initiation and regulatio...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6 - A 97-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 levels increa...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7 - A 110-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that is activated in response to cellular stress...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 - A c-jun amino-terminal kinase that is activated by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokin...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 - A c-jun amino-terminal kinase that is activated by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokin...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases - A serine-threonine protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades act...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases - A subcategory of phosphohydrolases that are specific for MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES. They pla...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein ...

Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins - Chemokines that are chemoattractants for monocytes. These CC chemokines (cysteines adjacent) number ...

Monokines - Soluble mediators of the immune response that are neither antibodies nor complement. They are produc...

Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins - A class of monomeric, low molecular weight (20-25 kDa) GTP-binding proteins that regulate a variety ...

Motilin - A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor ac...

MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone - A hypothalamic tripeptide, enzymatic degradation product of OXYTOCIN, that inhibits the release of M...

Mucin-4 - A transmembrane mucin that is found in a broad variety of epithelial tissue. Mucin-4 may play a role...

Mucin-5B - A gel-forming mucin that is predominantly expressed by submucosal glands of airway tissues and the S...

Mycobacillin - A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic isolated from culture filtrates of Bacillus subtilis that acts as an...

Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - An intracellular signaling adaptor protein that plays a role in TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR and INTERLEUKIN 1...

Myocardial Depressant Factor - A low molecular weight peptide of about 800-1000 having a negative inotropic effect. It is released ...

Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase - An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain...

Myostatin - A growth differentiation factor that is a potent inhibitor of SKELETAL MUSCLE growth. It may play a ...

Nafarelin - A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine substitut...

Nanotubes, Peptide - NANOTUBES formed from cyclic peptides (PEPTIDES, CYCLIC). Alternating D and L linkages create planar...

Natriuretic Peptide, Brain - A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MY...

Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type - A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in ...

Natriuretic Peptides - Peptides that regulate the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in the body, also known as natriuretic peptide ...

Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein - A CCN protein family member found at high levels in NEPHROBLASTOMA cells. It is found both intracell...

Nerve Growth Factor - NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence th...

Nerve Growth Factors - Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells....

Netropsin - A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific b...

Neuregulin-1 - A peptide factor originally identified by its ability to stimulate the phosphorylation the erbB-2 re...

Neuregulins - A family of peptides originally found as factors that stimulate the phosphorylation of the erbB-2 re...

Neurocalcin - A neuronal calcium sensor protein that is expressed as several isoforms and can interact with ACTIN;...

Neurofibromin 1 - A protein found most abundantly in the nervous system. Defects or deficiencies in this protein are a...

Neurokinin A - A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in s...

Neurokinin B - A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in s...

Neuroleukin - Neuronal growth factor and lymphokine product of lectin-stimulated T-cells which induces immunoglobu...

Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein - An inhibitor of apoptosis protein that was initially identified during analysis of CHROMOSOME DELETI...

Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins - A family of intracellular calcium-sensing proteins found predominately in NEURONS and PHOTORECEPTOR ...

Neuropeptide Y - A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has...

Neuropeptides - Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones relea...

Neurophysins - Carrier proteins for OXYTOCIN and VASOPRESSIN. They are polypeptides of about 10-kDa, synthesized in...

Neurotensin - A biologically active tridecapeptide isolated from the hypothalamus. It has been shown to induce hyp...

Neurotrophin 3 - A neurotrophic factor involved in regulating the survival of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neu...

Neurturin - A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor ligand that is specific for the GFRA2 RECEPTOR. Neurtu...

N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine - N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial f...

Nisin - A 34-amino acid polypeptide antibiotic produced by Streptococcus lactis. It has been used as a food ...

Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins - Cytosolic signaling adaptor proteins that were initially discovered by their role in the innate immu...

Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein - A NOD-signaling adaptor protein that contains a C-terminal leucine-rich domain which recognizes bact...

Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein - A NOD signaling adaptor protein that contains two C-terminal leucine-rich domains which recognize ba...

Nodal Protein - The founding member of the nodal signaling ligand family of proteins. Nodal protein was originally d...

Nodal Signaling Ligands - Members of the transforming growth factor superfamily that play a role in pattern formation and diff...

N-substituted Glycines - AMINO ACIDS composed of GLYCINE substituted at the nitrogen rather than the usual carbon position, r...

Nuclear Export Signals - Specific amino acid sequences present in the primary amino acid sequence of proteins which mediate t...

Nuclear Localization Signals - Short, predominantly basic amino acid sequences identified as nuclear import signals for some protei...

Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 - A nuclear receptor coactivator with specificity for ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and ...

Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2 - A transcription factor that partners with ligand bound GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS and ESTROGEN RECEPTO...

Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3 - A nuclear receptor coactivator with specificity for ESTROGEN RECEPTORS and PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS. I...

Nuclear Receptor Coactivators - Proteins that enhance gene expression when associated with ligand bound activated NUCLEAR RECEPTORS....

Octreotide - A potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of GROWTH HO...

Olfactory Marker Protein - A ubiquitous, cytoplasmic protein found in mature OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS of all VERTEBRATES. It ...

Oligopeptides - Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids....

Oncogene Protein p21(ras) - Transforming protein encoded by ras oncogenes. Point mutations in the cellular ras gene (c-ras) can ...

Oncogene Proteins v-raf - A family of transforming proteins isolated from retroviruses such as MOUSE SARCOMA VIRUSES. They are...

Oncostatin M - A cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions that depend upon the cellular microenvironme...

Opioid Peptides - The endogenous peptides with opiate-like activity. The three major classes currently recognized are ...

Ornipressin - A synthetic analog of vasopressin with ORNITHINE substitution at residue 8 of the cyclic nonapeptide...

Osteopontin - A negatively-charged extracellular matrix protein that plays a role in the regulation of BONE metabo...

Ovalbumin - An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily....

OX40 Ligand - A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member that is expressed on activated antigen-presenting cell...

Oxytocin - A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs fro...

p120 GTPase Activating Protein - A 120-kDa RAS GTPase-activating protein that binds to tyrosine phosphoproteins through its SH2 domai...

p21-Activated Kinases - A family of serine-threonine kinases that bind to and are activated by MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEIN...

p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes includin...

Pancreatic Hormones - Peptide hormones secreted into the blood by cells in the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS of the pancreas. The a...

Pancreatic Polypeptide - A 36-amino acid pancreatic hormone that is secreted mainly by endocrine cells found at the periphery...

Parathyroid Hormone - A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the...

Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein - A ubiquitously expressed, secreted protein with bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption activ...

Paxillin - Paxillin is a signal transducing adaptor protein for CELL MIGRATION that localizes primarily to FOCA...

Pentagastrin - A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the se...

Peplomycin - An antineoplastic agent derived from BLEOMYCIN....

Pepstatins - N-acylated oligopeptides isolated from culture filtrates of Actinomycetes, which act specifically to...

Peptaibols - A group of peptides characterized by length of 1-2 dozen residues with a high proportion of them bei...

Peptichemio - A mixture of six synthetic oligopeptides, each containing MELPHALAN. It is used as a broad-spectrum ...

Peptide Fragments - Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins....

Peptide Hormones - Hormones synthesized from amino acids. They are distinguished from INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES ...

Peptide Library - A collection of cloned peptides, or chemically synthesized peptides, frequently consisting of all po...

Peptide PHI - A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The...

Peptide T - N-(N-(N(2)-(N-(N-(N-(N-D-Alanyl L-seryl)-L-threonyl)-L-threonyl) L-threonyl)-L-asparaginyl)-L-tyrosy...

Peptide YY - A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY ...

Peptides - Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between a...

Peptides, Cyclic - Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular cha...

Peptoids - Polymers of N-SUBSTITUTED GLYCINES containing chiral centers at the a-position of their side chains....

Period Circadian Proteins - Circadian rhythm signaling proteins that influence circadian clock by interacting with other circadi...

Phalloidine - Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fa...

Phleomycins - Water-soluble, copper-containing low molecular weight polypeptides obtained from the culture medium ...

Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein - A ubiquitously found basic protein that binds to phosphatidylethanolamine and NUCLEOTIDES. It is an ...

Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C - A type C phospholipase with specificity towards PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS that contain INOSITOL 1,4,5-TR...

Phospholipase C beta - A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is primarily regulated by its association with HETER...

Phospholipase C delta - A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is structurally defined by the presence of an N-term...

Phospholipase C gamma - A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is primarily regulated by PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES. ...

Physalaemin - An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a...

Phytochelatins - Poly-glutathione peptides composed of (Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n is two to seven. They are biosynthesize...

PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins - A family of signal transducing adaptor proteins that control the METABOLISM of NITROGEN. They are pr...

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - A multi-function neuropeptide that acts throughout the body by elevating intracellular cyclic AMP le...

Pituitary Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormones - Polypeptide hormones produced in the hypothalamus which inhibit the release of pituitary hormones. U...

Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones - Peptides, natural or synthetic, that stimulate the release of PITUITARY HORMONES. They were first is...

Pituitary Hormones - Hormones secreted by the PITUITARY GLAND including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), t...

Pituitary Hormones, Anterior - Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Structurally, they include pol...

Pituitary Hormones, Posterior - Hormones released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). They include a number of pe...

Placental Hormones - Hormones produced by the placenta include CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN as well as ...

Placental Lactogen - A polypeptide hormone of approximately 25 kDa that is produced by the SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLASTS of the PL...

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - A member of the serpin family of proteins. It inhibits both the tissue-type and urokinase-type plasm...

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 - Member of the serpin family of proteins. It inhibits both the tissue-type and urokinase-type plasmin...

Plasminogen Inactivators - Important modulators of the activity of plasminogen activators. Four inhibitors, all belonging to th...

Platelet Factor 4 - A CXC chemokine that is found in the alpha granules of PLATELETS. The protein has a molecular size o...

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor - Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets. It is released when pla...

Polygeline - A 3.5 per cent colloidal solution containing urea-cross-linked polymerized peptides. It has a molecu...

Polyglutamic Acid - A peptide that is a homopolymer of glutamic acid....

Polylysine - A peptide which is a homopolymer of lysine....

Polymyxin B - A mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from Bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypepti...

Polymyxins - Basic lipopeptide antibiotic group obtained from Bacillus polymyxa. They affect the cell membrane by...

Pristinamycin - An antibiotic mixture originally isolated from Streptomyces pristinaspiralis. It is a mixture of com...

Proglucagon - The common precursor polypeptide of pancreatic GLUCAGON and intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Progl...

Proinsulin - A pancreatic polypeptide of about 110 amino acids, depending on the species, that is the precursor o...

Prolactin - A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptid...

Prolactin Release-Inhibiting Factors - A number of peptides with inhibitory activities on PROLACTIN release have been isolated from the HYP...

Prolactin-Releasing Hormone - A hypothalamic hormone that is synthesized as a precursor protein which is cleaved into two peptides...

Pro-Opiomelanocortin - A 30-kDa protein synthesized primarily in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND and the HYPOTHALAMUS. It is a...

Protamine Kinase - An aspect of protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) in which serine residues in protamines and histones are ph...

Protein C Inhibitor - A member of the serpin family of proteins that is found in plasma and urine. It is dependent on hepa...

Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT - A family of structurally related proteins that are constitutively expressed and that negatively regu...

Protein Phosphatase 2 - A phosphoprotein phosphatase subtype that is comprised of a catalytic subunit and two different regu...

Protein Sorting Signals - Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the pr...

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 - A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that includes two distinctive targeting moti...

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 - A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that contain two SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS. Mutat...

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 12 - A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that is characterized by the presence of a N...

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 13 - A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that is characterized by the presence of an ...

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2 - A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that is closely-related to PROTEIN TYROSINE P...

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22 - A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that is characterized by the presence of an ...

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 3 - A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that is characterized by the presence of an ...

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 4 - A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that is characterized by the presence of an ...

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 - A Src-homology domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase found in the CYTOSOL of hematopoietic ...

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor - A subcategory of protein tyrosine phosphatases that occur in the CYTOPLASM. Many of the proteins in ...

Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory - Peptides and proteins found in BODILY SECRETIONS and BODY FLUIDS that are PROTEASE INHIBITORS. They ...

Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf - A raf kinase subclass found at high levels in neuronal tissue. The B-raf Kinases are MAP kinase kina...

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPT...

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk - Signal transducing adaptor proteins that contain SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS and play a role in CYTOSKELETO...

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos - Cellular proteins encoded by the c-mos genes (GENES, MOS). They function in the cell cycle to mainta...

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf - A ubiquitously expressed raf kinase subclass that plays an important role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. T...

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis - Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the sis gene (GENES, SIS). c-sis proteins make up the B cha...

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav - Proto-oncogene proteins that are guanine nucleotide exchange factors for RHO GTPASES. They also func...

Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) - Cellular proteins encoded by the H-ras, K-ras and N-ras genes. The proteins have GTPase activity and...

rab GTP-Binding Proteins - A large family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that play a key role in cellular secretory and endo...

rab1 GTP-Binding Proteins - A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in vesicle transport between th...

rab2 GTP-Binding Protein - A protein involved in transport between the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and the GOLGI APPARATUS. This enzy...

rab3 GTP-Binding Proteins - A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in calcium-dependent EXOCYTOSIS...

rab3A GTP-Binding Protein - The most abundant member of the RAB3 GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is involved in calcium-dependent EXOCY...

rab4 GTP-Binding Proteins - A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in recycling of proteins such a...

rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins - A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in transport from the cell memb...

rac GTP-Binding Proteins - A sub-family of RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that is involved in regulating the organization of cytoskel...

rac1 GTP-Binding Protein - A rac GTP-binding protein involved in regulating actin filaments at the plasma membrane. It controls...

raf Kinases - A family of closely-related serine-threonine kinases that were originally identified as the cellular...

ral GTP-Binding Proteins - A family of ubiquitously expressed MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are involved in intracellular...

ral Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor - A guanine nucleotide exchange factor that stimulates the dissociation of GDP from RAL GTP-BINDING PR...

ran GTP-Binding Protein - A monomeric GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins into the nucleus...

RANK Ligand - A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds R...

rap GTP-Binding Proteins - A family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are related to RAS PROTEINS.This enzyme was formerly...

rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins - A genetically related subfamily of RAP GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that share homology with RAS PROTEINS. T...

ras GTPase-Activating Proteins - PROTEINS that specifically activate the GTP-phosphohydrolase activity of RAS PROTEINS....

ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors - A family of GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS that are specific for RAS PROTEINS....

ras Proteins - Small, monomeric GTP-binding proteins encoded by ras genes (GENES, RAS). The protooncogene-derived p...

ras-GRF1 - A guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is expressed primarily in neuronal tissue and may be speci...

Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 - A RIP serine-theonine kinase that contains a C-terminal caspase activation and recruitment domain. I...

Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases - A family of serine-threonine kinases that plays a role in intracellular signal transduction by inter...

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases - A subcategory of protein tyrosine phosphatases that are bound to the cell membrane. They contain cyt...

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 1 - A subclass of receptor-like protein tryosine phosphatases that contain heavily glycosylated and cyst...

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2 - A subclass of receptor-like protein tryosine phosphatases that contain multiple extracellular immuno...

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3 - A subclass of receptor-like protein tryosine phosphatases that contain a single cytosolic protein ty...

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 4 - A subclass of receptor-like protein tryosine phosphatases that contain short highly glycosylated ext...

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5 - A subclass of receptor-like protein tryosine phosphatases that contain an extracellular fibronectin ...

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 7 - A subclass of receptor-like protein tryosine phosphatases that contain a short extracellular domain,...

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8 - A subclass of receptor-like protein tryosine phosphatases that contain an extracellular RDGS-adhesio...

Recoverin - A neuronal calcium-sensor protein that is found in ROD PHOTORECEPTORS and CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It in...

Relaxin - A water-soluble polypeptide (molecular weight approximately 8,000) extractable from the corpus luteu...

Resistin - A 12-kDa cysteine-rich polypeptide hormone secreted by FAT CELLS in the ADIPOSE TISSUE. It is the fo...

Retinoblastoma Binding Proteins - A family of endogenous regulatory proteins that associate with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN via a specific...

Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1 - A ubiquitously expressed regulatory protein that contains a retinoblastoma protein binding domain an...

Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2 - A retinoblastoma binding protein that is also a member of the Jumonji-domain histone demethylases. I...

Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 4 - A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, an...

Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 7 - A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is found as a subunit of protein complexes involved in the ace...

RGS Proteins - A large family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that function as negative regulators of HETEROTR...

rho GTP-Binding Proteins - A large family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are involved in regulation of actin organizati...

rhoA GTP-Binding Protein - A RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEIN involved in regulating signal transduction pathways that control assembly ...

rho-Associated Kinases - A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. T...

rhoB GTP-Binding Protein - A GTP-BINDING PROTEIN involved in regulating a signal transduction pathway that controls assembly of...

Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases - A family of protein serine/threonine kinases which act as intracellular signalling intermediates. Ri...

Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa - A family of ribosomal protein S6 kinases that are considered the major physiological kinases for RIB...

Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa - A family of ribosomal protein S6 kinases that are structurally distinguished from RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN ...

Ristocetin - An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substan...

Salivary alpha-Amylases - A subclass of alpha-amylase ISOENZYMES that are secreted into SALIVA....

Salivary Cystatins - A group of closely-related cystatins found in SALIVA....

Salivary Proline-Rich Proteins - A family of proline-rich proteins that constitute the majority of the protein component of SALIVA. S...

Salivary Proteins and Peptides - Proteins and peptides found in SALIVA and the SALIVARY GLANDS. Some salivary proteins such as ALPHA-...

Saralasin - An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine an...

Secretin - A peptide hormone of about 27 amino acids from the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secreti...

Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor - A proteinase inhibitor found in various BODILY SECRETIONS that coat mucosal surfaces such as SEMINAL...

Semaphorin-3A - The prototypical and most well-studied member of the semaphorin family. Semaphorin-3A is an axon-rep...

Semaphorins - A family of proteins that mediate axonal guidance. Semaphorins act as repulsive cues for neuronal G...

Sermorelin - The biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-...

Serpins - A family of serine proteinase inhibitors which are similar in amino acid sequence and mechanism of i...

SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases - A subcategory of protein tyrosine phosphatases that contain SH2 type SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS. Many of t...

Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins - A family of signaling adaptor proteins that contain SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS. Many members of this famil...

Sialoglycoproteins - Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in...

Sincalide - An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it...

Smad Proteins - A family of proteins that are involved in the translocation of signals from TGF-BETA RECEPTORS; BONE...

Smad Proteins, Inhibitory - A sub-family of smad proteins that inhibit cell signaling by RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS. They ...

Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated - A family of smad proteins that undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS in response to TRAN...

Smad1 Protein - A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEP...

Smad2 Protein - A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. It re...

Smad3 Protein - A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. Activ...

Smad4 Protein - A signal transducing adaptor protein and tumor suppressor protein. It forms a complex with activated...

Smad5 Protein - A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEP...

Smad6 Protein - An inhibitory Smad protein that negatively regulates the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS from BONE MORP...

Smad7 Protein - An inhibitory smad protein that associates with TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA RECEPTORS and BONE M...

Smad8 Protein - A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEP...

S-Nitrosoglutathione - A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS....

Somatomedins - Insulin-like polypeptides made by the liver and some fibroblasts and released into the blood when st...

Somatostatin - A 14-amino acid peptide named for its ability to inhibit pituitary GROWTH HORMONE release, also call...

Somatostatin-28 - A 28-amino acid peptide with the same biological activities of somatostatin-14 but with a 14-amino a...

Son of Sevenless Protein, Drosophila - A guanine nucleotide exchange factor from DROSOPHILA. Sevenless refers to genetic mutations in DROSO...

Son of Sevenless Proteins - A class of RAS GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS that are genetically related to the Son of Sevenl...

SOS1 Protein - A mammalian homolog of the DROSOPHILA SON OF SEVENLESS PROTEIN. It is a guanine nucleotide exchange ...

STAT Transcription Factors - A family of transcription factors containing SH2 DOMAINS that are involved in CYTOKINE-mediated SIGN...

STAT1 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERFERONS. ...

STAT2 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to TYPE I INTERF...

STAT3 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-6...

STAT4 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-1...

STAT5 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to a variety of ...

STAT6 Transcription Factor - A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-4...

Stem Cell Factor - A hematopoietic growth factor and the ligand of the cell surface c-kit protein (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTE...

Streptogramin A - A specific streptogramin group A antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacter...

Streptogramin B - A specific streptogramin group B antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacter...

Streptogramin Group A - A structural subclass of streptogramins that includes molecules containing unsaturated macrocyclic l...

Streptogramin Group B - A structural subclass of streptogramins. They are cyclic hexadepsipeptides with approximate molecula...

Streptogramins - A class of natural cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by certain subspecies of STREPTOMYCES. They i...

Substance P - An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous system...

Suppressor Factors, Immunologic - Proteins, protein complexes, or glycoproteins secreted by suppressor T-cells that inhibit either sub...

Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins - A family of structurally related proteins that are induced by CYTOKINES and negatively regulate cyto...

Syntenins - Intracellular signaling adaptor proteins that play a role in the coupling of SYNDECANS to CYTOSKELET...

Tachykinins - A family of biologically active peptides sharing a common conserved C-terminal sequence, -Phe-X-Gly-...

Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide - A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination....

Teicoplanin - Glycopeptide antibiotic complex from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacte...

Teprotide - A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from...

Teriparatide - A polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human PARATHYROID HORMONE, the biolog...

Tetragastrin - L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It ...

TGF-beta Superfamily Proteins - A large family of cell regulatory proteins which are structurally related to TRANSFORMING GROWTH FAC...

Thionins - Antimicrobial peptides of 45-47 amino acids and typically with four disulfide bridges. They are foun...

Thiostrepton - One of the CYCLIC PEPTIDES from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veter...

Thrombopoietin - A humoral factor that stimulates the production of thrombocytes (BLOOD PLATELETS). Thrombopoietin s...

Thymic Factor, Circulating - A thymus-dependent nonapeptide found in normal blood. Stimulates the formation of E rosettes and is ...

Thymosin - Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biologic...

Thyrotropin - A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stim...

Thyrotropin, beta Subunit - The beta subunit of thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotropin. It is a 112-amino acid glycopolypeptid...

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone - A tripeptide that stimulates the release of THYROTROPIN and PROLACTIN. It is synthesized by the neur...

Thyroxine-Binding Globulin - A thyroid hormone transport protein found in serum. It binds about 75% of circulating THYROXINE and ...

Tissue Polypeptide Antigen - Serological tumor marker composed of a molecular complex of cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19. It is used i...

TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein - A 34 kDa signal transducing adaptor protein that associates with TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR TYPE...

TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1 - A signal transducing tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor that is involved in TNF RECEPT...

TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 - A signal transducing tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor that is involved in TNF RECEPT...

TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3 - A signal transducing tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor that is involved in regulation...

TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 4 - A widely expressed member of the TNF receptor-associated family that may play a role in neuronal dev...

TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 5 - A signal transducing tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor that mediates signaling from C...

TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 - A signal transducing tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor that is involved in regulation...

TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand - A transmembrane-protein belonging to the TNF family of intercellular signaling proteins. It is a wid...

Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases - A family of metalloproteases that are related to the DROSOPHILA protein tolloid, which is a gene pro...

Transcortin - A serpin family member that binds to and transports GLUCOCORTICOIDS in the BLOOD....

Transducin - A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein that mediates the light activation signal from photolyzed rhodo...

Transfer Factor - Factor derived from leukocyte lysates of immune donors which can transfer both local and systemic ce...

Transforming Growth Factor alpha - Factor isolated in a variety of tissues including epithelium, and maternal decidua. It is closely re...

Transforming Growth Factor beta - A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducin...

Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is s...

Transforming Growth Factor beta2 - A TGF-beta subtype that was originally identified as a GLIOBLASTOMA-derived factor which inhibits th...

Transforming Growth Factor beta3 - A TGF-beta subtype that plays role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during embryonic...

Transforming Growth Factors - Hormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal, non-t...

Triptorelin - A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitut...

Tuftsin - N(2)-((1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide produced in the spleen by e...

Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13 - A member of tumor necrosis factor superfamily found on MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS and T-LYMPHOCYTE...

Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14 - A member of tumor necrosis factor superfamily found on activated LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. It occur...

Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15 - A member of tumor necrosis factor superfamily found on ENDOTHELIAL CELLS that plays a role in the in...

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins - Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins that bind directly or indirectly to the cytoplasmic po...

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It ...

Tumor Necrosis Factors - A family of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to cause NECROSIS of NEOPLASMS...

Tyrocidine - An antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyro...

Tyrothricin - A polypeptide antibiotic mixture obtained from Bacillus brevis. It consists of a mixture of three ty...

Urocortins - Neuropeptides of about 40 amino acids which are structurally similar to CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACT...

Urofollitropin - A protein extract of human menopausal urine in which LUTEINIZING HORMONE has been partially or compl...

Urotensins - Teleost hormones. A family of small peptides isolated from urophyses of bony fishes. They have many ...

Valinomycin - A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to t...

Vancomycin - Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that...

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHE...

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B - A vascular endothelial growth factor expressed in a variety of tissues. It binds with high specifici...

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C - A vascular endothelial growth factor that specifically binds to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR R...

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D - A vascular endothelial growth factor that specifically binds to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR R...

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Endocrine-Gland-Derived - A vascular endothelial growth factor whose expression is found largely restricted to the GONADS; ADR...

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors - A family of angiogenic proteins that are closely-related to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A. Th...

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of b...

Vasopressins - Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with spec...

Vasotocin - A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the lat...

Vernamycin B - An antibiotic mixture originally isolated from Streptomyces loidensis. It contains a mixture of comp...

Viomycin - A strongly basic peptide, antibiotic complex from several strains of Streptomyces. It is allergenic ...

Virginiamycin - A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S...

Wnt Proteins - Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND...

Wnt1 Protein - A proto-oncogene protein and member of the Wnt family of proteins. It is expressed in the caudal MID...

Wnt2 Protein - A proto-oncogene protein and member of the Wnt family of proteins. It is frequently up-regulated in ...

X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein - An inhibitor of apoptosis protein that is translated by a rare cap-independent mechanism. It blocks ...

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Common Chronic Illnesses

Coronary Disease

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
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Hypertension

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

Mesothelioma

A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Osteoarthritis

A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.

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