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Amino Acids

Categorical breakdown of terms falling inder the category of Amino Acids. Sub categories will become more specific in nature to the terms listed for Amino Acids.

Sub-Categories

Terms

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid - Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kid...

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate - The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHY...

2-Aminoadipic Acid - A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity...

5-Hydroxytryptophan - The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepile...

6-Aminocaproic Acid - An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic pro...

Acetylcysteine - The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of muc...

Alanine - A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced fr...

Allylglycine - An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to ...

alpha-Methyltyrosine - An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholam...

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones - Inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES and sulfhydryl group-containing enzymes. They act as alkylating ...

Amino Acids - Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-...

Amino Acids, Acidic - Amino acids with side chains that are negatively charged at physiological pH....

Amino Acids, Aromatic - Amino acids containing an aromatic side chain....

Amino Acids, Basic - Amino acids with side chains that are positively charged at physiological pH....

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain - Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain....

Amino Acids, Cyclic - A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure....

Amino Acids, Essential - Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiologi...

Amino Acids, Neutral - Amino acids with uncharged R groups or side chains....

Aminobutyric Acids - Aliphatic four carbon acids substituted in any position(s) with amino group(s). They are found in mo...

Aminocaproic Acids - A group of compounds that are derivatives of aminohexanoic acids....

Aminoisobutyric Acids - A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid....

Aminolevulinic Acid - A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used a...

Arginine - An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form....

Argininosuccinic Acid - This amino acid is formed during the urea cycle from citrulline, aspartate and ATP. This reaction is...

Asparagine - A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and ...

Aspartic Acid - One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and pl...

Azaserine - Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activ...

Azetidinecarboxylic Acid - A proline analog that acts as a stoichiometric replacement of proline. It causes the production of ...

Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide - A chromogenic substrate that permits direct measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g., papain ...

Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide - An enzyme substrate which permits the measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g. trypsin and th...

beta-Alanine - An amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Since neuronal uptak...

Betacyanins - Conjugates of betalamic acid with cyclo-dopa, both of which derive from TYROSINE. They appear simila...

Betalains - Compounds derived from TYROSINE via betalamic acid, including BETAXANTHINS and BETACYANINS. They are...

Buthionine Sulfoximine - A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine s...

Captopril - A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I...

Carbocysteine - A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used a...

Creatine - An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally ...

Cycloleucine - An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplas...

Cycloserine - Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus....

Cysteic Acid - Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from ...

Cysteine - A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE....

Cysteinyldopa - Found in large amounts in the plasma and urine of patients with malignant melanoma. It is therefore ...

Cystine - A covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of CYSTEINE. Two molecul...

D-Aspartic Acid - The D-isomer of ASPARTIC ACID....

Desmosine - A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridi...

Dextrothyroxine - The dextrorotary isomer of the synthetic THYROXINE....

Diazooxonorleucine - An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism...

Dihydroxyphenylalanine - A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physi...

Diiodothyronines - These metabolites of THYROXINE are formed by the deiodination of T3 or reverse T3....

Diiodotyrosine - A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodot...

Droxidopa - A precursor of noradrenaline that is used in the treatment of parkinsonism. The racemic form (DL-thr...

Eflornithine - An inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic path...

Enterobactin - An iron-binding cyclic trimer of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine. It is produced by E COLI and othe...

Ergothioneine - A naturally occurring metabolite of HISTIDINE that has antioxidant properties....

Ethionine - 2-Amino-4-(ethylthio)butyric acid. An antimetabolite and methionine antagonist that interferes with ...

Excitatory Amino Acids - Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the mos...

Fenclonine - A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the bios...

Fosinopril - A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatm...

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system....

Glutamates - Salts and esters of glutamic acid....

Glutamic Acid - A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excit...

Glutamine - A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic ...

Glycine - A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutical...

Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid - A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It a...

Glycocholic Acid - The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and i...

Glycodeoxycholic Acid - A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium s...

Histidine - An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE....

Homocysteine - A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE....

Hydroxylysine - A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens....

Hydroxyproline - A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired ...

Isoaspartic Acid - An ASPARTIC ACID residue in polypeptide chains that is linked at the beta-carboxyl group instead of ...

Isodesmosine - 2-(4-Amino-4-carboxybutyl)-1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-3,5-bis(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)pyridinium. A...

Isoleucine - An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE....

Leucine - An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation....

Levodopa - The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unli...

Lysine - An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed....

Lysinoalanine - N(6)-(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine. An unusual amino acid, not a dipeptide, which has been found...

Melanins - Insoluble polymers of TYROSINE derivatives found in and causing darkness in skin (SKIN PIGMENTATION)...

Melphalan - An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - ME...

Methionine - A sulfur containing essential amino acid that is important in many body functions. It is a chelating...

Methyldopa - An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its prima...

Methylhistidines - Histidine substituted in any position with one or more methyl groups....

Methyltyrosines - A group of compounds that are methyl derivatives of the amino acid TYROSINE....

Mimosine - 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative iso...

Monoiodotyrosine - A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TR...

N-Formylmethionine - Effective in the initiation of protein synthesis. The initiating methionine residue enters the ribos...

N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine - N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial f...

NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester - A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypert...

Nitroarginine - An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarg...

N-Methylaspartate - An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutam...

Norleucine - An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is s...

N-substituted Glycines - AMINO ACIDS composed of GLYCINE substituted at the nitrogen rather than the usual carbon position, r...

omega-N-Methylarginine - A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase....

Ornithine - An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine....

Oxamic Acid - Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative....

Pantothenic Acid - A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is in...

Penicillamine - 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It i...

p-Fluorophenylalanine - 3-(p-Fluorophenyl)-alanine....

Phenylalanine - An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHR...

Phosphoamino Acids - Amino acids that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule....

Phosphocreatine - An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the tre...

Phosphoserine - The phosphoric acid ester of serine....

Phosphothreonine - The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins,...

Phosphotyrosine - An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation pla...

Polyglutamic Acid - A peptide that is a homopolymer of glutamic acid....

Polylysine - A peptide which is a homopolymer of lysine....

Potassium Magnesium Aspartate - An intra-extracellular electrolyte exchange agent with a variety of effects....

Proglumide - A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. ...

Proline - A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of C...

Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid - A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of G...

Quisqualic Acid - An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly con...

RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl - Intermediates in protein biosynthesis. The compounds are formed from amino acids, ATP and transfer R...

S-Adenosylhomocysteine - 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethyla...

S-Adenosylmethionine - Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all...

Sarcosine - An amino acid intermediate in the metabolism of choline....

Selenocysteine - A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs ...

Selenomethionine - Diagnostic aid in pancreas function determination....

Serine - A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE...

S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine - A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS....

Sodium Glutamate - One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor. Medically it has been used to reduce ...

Technetium Tc 99m Diethyl-iminodiacetic Acid - A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in...

Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin - A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary dise...

Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin - A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in...

Thiopronine - Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE....

Thiorphan - A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-...

Threonine - An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in ...

Thyronines - A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic remo...

Thyroxine - The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyr...

Tosylarginine Methyl Ester - Arginine derivative which is a substrate for many proteolytic enzymes. As a substrate for the estera...

Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone - An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with th...

Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone - An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the t...

Triiodothyronine - A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantiti...

Triiodothyronine, Reverse - A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 positi...

Tryptophan - An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in a...

Tyrosine - A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precurso...

Valine - A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tis...

Vigabatrin - An analogue of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMIN...

Vitamin U - A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gast...

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A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.
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